Airborne Magnetometry to Identify Metallic Debris to Support Dredging and Search Activities at the Brumadinho Disaster Site – A Case Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-65
Author(s):  
Cesar Alexandre Felix ◽  
Thomaz Martino Tessler ◽  
Arthur Ayres Neto
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Magnetic Survey ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Tailing Dam ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

This paper describes the procedures and results of an airborne magnetic survey using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) conducted to support Search and Rescue (S&R) teams after the failure of a mining tailing dam at the Corrego do Feijão Mine, in the state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. The accident claimed 270 lives, practically destroying all the mine’s infrastructure. After the accident, the use of a fast, efficient, and cost-effective method to locate preferential sites for the rescue team to work was critical. Due to the difficulty of direct access to the impacted area, and since most of the affected infrastructure consisted of metallic materials, an airborne magnetometer was the logical choice. First, some performance tests were conducted in order to define the survey configurations, such as flight altitude, transect spacing and anomaly’s detectability threshold. After that, task priorities were set, and the survey area divided in small blocks according to their morphological characteristics using aerial photos of the impacted area. The results showed that the system was able to detect all relevant anomalies. The correlation of the anomalies with aerial photogrammetry helped to discard false anomalies, making the whole operation much more efficient. This increased the effectiveness of the S&R teams as well as the planning of the dredging operations by defining the preferential locations for the interventions.

Stern Flap for Resistance Reduction of Planing Hull Craft: A Case Study with a Fast Crew Boat Model

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Yaakob ◽  
Suhaili Shamsuddin ◽  
Kho King Koh
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Geometrical Characteristics ◽  
Resistance Reduction ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Zero Degree ◽  
Resistance Performance

Kajian terhadap pelbagai cara mengurangkan rintangan bot peronda telah dilakukan oleh ramai penyelidik. Kaedah yang dikaji termasuk penggunaan kepak buritan, baji buritan dan suntikan gelembung mikro. Walau bagaimanapun, disebabkan oleh sifatnya yang mudah dan praktikal, kepak buritan didapati amat berpotensi. Kertas kerja ini membentangkan kajian terhadap kesan kepak buritan terhadap prestasi rintangan bot kelasi berbentuk planing. Ujian model dijalankan bagi membuktikan keberkesanan kepak bagi mengurangkan rintangan. Lima kepak berlainan telah digunakan dalam rangka kajian sistematik bagi menentukan ciri geometrik optimum kepak buritan. Hasil ujian model menunjukkan empat kepak menambah rintangan kapal manakala kepak kelima pada sudut sifar mengurangkan rintangan sehingga 7.2 peratus pada 23 knots dan pengurangan purata sekitar 4.5 peratus. Pada 23 knots, pengurangan 8.2 peratus kuasa berkesan diperolehi. Kata kunci: Reka bentuk bot peronda, ujian model, pesawat laju The study on various methods of reducing the resistance of patrol craft have been carried out by many researchers. These methods included the application of stern flaps, stern wedges, and microbubble injection. However, due to its simplicity and practicality, stern flap is the most promising and cost effective method. The effect of a stern flap on the resistance performance of the planing hull crew boat is presented. Model tests were conducted to prove the effectiveness of the stern flap on reducing planing hull craft resistance. Five different stern flap designs were tested as part of systematic investigation to determine the optimum geometrical characteristics of the stern flap. Results of model resistance experiments showed that four of the flaps tested showed an increase in resistance while the flap at zero degree angle reduced the total resistance by 7.2 percent at 23 knots, and an average reduction rate of 4.5 percent. At 23 knots, an 8.2 percent reduction in effective power was predicted. Key words: Patrol boats design, model testing, fast craft

scholarly journals The colour analysis method applied to homogeneous rocks

Geologos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Amadé Halász ◽  
Ákos Halmai
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Rock Type ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Natural Gamma ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
High Level

Abstract Computer-aided colour analysis can facilitate cyclostratigraphic studies. Here we report on a case study involving the development of a digital colour analysis method for examination of the Boda Claystone Formation which is the most suitable in Hungary for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Rock type colours are reddish brown or brownish red, or any shade between brown and red. The method presented here could be used to differentiate similar colours and to identify gradual transitions between these; the latter are of great importance in a cyclostratigraphic analysis of the succession. Geophysical well-logging has demonstrated the existence of characteristic cyclic units, as detected by colour and natural gamma. Based on our research, colour, natural gamma and lithology correlate well. For core Ib-4, these features reveal the presence of orderly cycles with thicknesses of roughly 0.64 to 13 metres. Once the core has been scanned, this is a time- and cost-effective method.

scholarly journals Brief Communication: Low-cost, on-demand aerial photogrammetry for glaciological measurement

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1879-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Whitehead ◽  
B. J. Moorman ◽  
C. H. Hugenholtz
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Site Access ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Arctic Glacier

Abstract. Remotely sensed glaciological measurements can be expensive, often involving a trade-off between resolution, scale, and frequency. We report on a case study in which two low-cost techniques were used to generate digital elevation models and orthomosaics of an Arctic glacier in consecutive ablation seasons. In the first aerial survey we used an unmanned aerial vehicle and acquired images autonomously. The following year we took advantage of the helicopter used for site access, and were able to acquire images manually, for little additional helicopter time. We present a preliminary assessment of accuracy and apply these data to measure glacier thinning and motion.

Electrofacies in gas shale from well log data via cluster analysis: A case study of the Perth Basin, Western Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Torghabeh ◽  
Reza Rezaee ◽  
Reza Moussavi-Harami ◽  
Biswajeet Pradhan ◽  
Mohammad Kamali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Sonic Log ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Distance Data ◽  
Resistivity Log ◽  
Gamma Ray Log

AbstractIdentifying reservoir electrofacies has an important role in determining hydrocarbon bearing intervals. In this study, electrofacies of the Kockatea Formation in the Perth Basin were determined via cluster analysis. In this method, distance data were initially calculated and then connected spatially by using a linkage function. The dendrogram function was used to extract the cluster tree for formations over the study area. Input logs were sonic log (DT), gamma ray log (GR), resistivity log (IND), and spontaneous potential (SP). A total of 30 reservoir electrofacies were identified within this formation. Integrated geochemical and petrophysics data showed that zones with electrofacies 3, 4, 9, and 10 have potential for shale gas production. In addition, the results showed that cluster analysis is a precise, rapid, and cost-effective method for zoning reservoirs and determining electrofacies in hydrocarbon reservoirs.

scholarly journals Quantification of Kaolinite and Halloysite Using Machine Learning from FTIR, XRF, and Brightness Data

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1350
Author(s):  
Pieter I. Du Plessis ◽  
Michael F. Gazley ◽  
Stephanie L. Tay ◽  
Eliza F. Trunfull ◽  
Manuel Knorsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Yilgarn Craton ◽  
Weathering Profile ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Quantified Analysis

Quantification of halloysite and kaolinite in clay deposits from X-ray diffraction (XRD) commonly requires extensive sample preparation to differentiate the two phyllosilicates. When assessing hundreds of samples for mineral resource estimations, XRD analyses may become unfeasible due to time and expense. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis is a fast and cost-effective method to discriminate between kaolinite and halloysite; however, few efforts have been made to use this technique for quantified analysis of these minerals. In this study, we trained machine- and deep-learning models on XRD data to predict the abundance of kaolinite and halloysite from FTIR, chemical composition, and brightness data. The case study is from the Cloud Nine kaolinite–halloysite deposit, Noombenberry Project, Western Australia. The residual clay deposit is hosted in the saprolitic and transition zone of the weathering profile above the basement granite on the southwestern portion of the Archean Yilgarn Craton. Compared with XRD quantification, the predicted models have an R2 of 0.97 for kaolinite and 0.96 for halloysite, demonstrating an excellent fit. Based on these results, we demonstrate that our methodology provides a cost-effective alternative to XRD to quantify kaolinite and halloysite abundances.

scholarly journals A cost-effective method to monitor vegetation changes in steppes ecosystems: A case study on remote sensing of fire and infrastructure effects in eastern Mongolia

2021 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 108331
Author(s):  
Batnyambuu Dashpurev ◽  
Karsten Wesche ◽  
Yun Jäschke ◽  
Khurelpurev Oyundelger ◽  
Thanh Noi Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Vegetation Changes ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Eastern Mongolia

SUSTAINABLE IMPACT OF BUILDING ENERGY RETROFIT MEASURES

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhosein Jafari ◽  
Vanessa Valentin
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Energy Retrofit ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Impact Index ◽  
The Impact

Energy retrofitting is argued to be the most feasible and cost-effective method for improving existing buildings' energy efficiency. As a sustainable development, building energy retrofits require the consideration and integration of all three sustainability dimensions: environmental, economic and social. The objective of this study is to estimate and compare the sustainable impact of building energy retrofits to determine the maximum sustainable benefit when implementing different energy-related measures. The proposed analysis consists of integrating three approaches for evaluating these benefits. Economic benefits are measured by estimating the payback period of energy-related measures, environmental benefits are measured by estimating the CO2 equivalent saving per year due to the implementation of energy-related measures, and social benefits are measured by defining a “social impact index” that establishes the impact of energy-related measures on buildings' users. A case study is used to demonstrate the framework for four potential scenarios. The results show that for the case study, energy-related “controlling” and “upgrading mechanical system” measures have the highest sustainable impact among the identified energy retrofitting measures.

scholarly journals A Thermal Analysis-Based Approach to Identify Different Waste Macroplastics in Beach Litter: The Case Study of Aquatina di Frigole NATURA 2000 Site (IT9150003, Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3186
Author(s):  
Mariaenrica Frigione ◽  
Gabriele Marini ◽  
Maurizio Pinna
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Beach Recreation ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Beach Litter ◽  
Natura 2000 Site

The dispersion of commercial plastics in the marine environments is a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services of the last decades. The lower density of the plastics with respect to marine water density determines their floating, transferring, and accumulation in sandy beaches. Sandy beaches represent a natural sink ecosystem for marine plastics, where the latter are fragmented and photo-degraded in relation to the kind of polymer. Here, we propose an accurate and cost-effective method, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), to identify different polymers from plastic samples collected on the Aquatina di Frigole beach (Apulia Region, Southeast of Italy), included in the NATURA 2000 Site coded as IT9150003. Our results reveal the exclusive presence of thermoplastic polymers in the beach plastic samples, mostly belonging to the polyolefin family. They appear to be remnants of larger plastic fragments, which could impact biodiversity and ecosystem services such as beach recreation activities and tourism.

scholarly journals  Pesticide use in vegetable production: A survey of Vietnamese farmers’ knowledge

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thanh Mai ◽  
Le Nga Thi Thanh ◽  
Havukainen Jouni ◽  
Hannaway David B
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Cost Effective Method

Concerns about inappropriate storage, application rates, and disposal practices of pesticides prompted this case study of Vietnamese farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices. 128 small-scale vegetable growers in Lam Dong Province were included in field surveys, questionnaires, and interviews. Farmers reported inappropriate mixing of pesticides and disposal methods. Many also reported ill-timed applications posing potential hazards to the human health and environment. Improved training and monitoring of pesticide residues on foodstuffs and in agricultural soils and community water supplies are needed to ensure safe farmer practices. Community-based training and education, jointly funded by local, national, and international agricultural production and food safety groups, would be a cost-effective method of minimising pesticide applications and improving food safety.

Effect Grinding of Graphite on Structural and Morphological Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes Grown by Microwave Oven

2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
Natheer A. Algadri ◽  
Zainuriah Hassan ◽  
Kamarulazizi Ibrahim ◽  
Mohamed Bououdina
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Full Width ◽  
Half Maximum ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Grinding Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of graphite grinding time on the formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), is investigated. Graphite with different grinding time is used for the growth of CNTs by a cost-effective method using a microwave oven. The samples produced using the different grinding time contain nanotubes with an average diameter in the range 31–50 nm as observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The lowest intensity ratio of D and G bands (ID/IG) and full width at half maximum of G as identified by Raman spectroscopy for grinding time 20 minute indicates the improved crystallinity of CNTs.

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