Regulatory Considerations of Nanotechnological Products in  Developed Countries

Nanotechnology is a revolutionary field of micro-manufacturing involving manipulation by chemical or physical processes of individual atoms and molecules. It is important that safety regulations of nanotherapeutics keep pace with this growing level of pharmaceutical industry interest. Current and potential applications of nanotechnology in medicine range from research involving diagnostic devices, drug delivery vehicles to enhanced gene therapy and tissue engineering procedures. Safety regulations of nanotherapeutics may present unique risk assessment challenges, given the novelty and variety of products, high mobility and reactivity of engineered nanoparticles, and blurring of the diagnostic and therapeutic medicines. Major efforts are underway, however, very little attention is devoted to assessment of health risks to human or to the ecosystem. Inhaled nanoparticles have already been related to lung injury. It is recognized that physico-chemical properties in conjunction with environmental factors and stability of the nanomaterial all contribute to the overall toxicological responses. Nanotoxicological information, currently insufficient, will be vital in aiding regulatory bodies in elucidating the mechanisms of action, balancing its risk and benefit and thus to lay down the regulations. The present work is aimed at the regulatory considerations of nanoparticulate systems in various regions such as United States, European Union and Australia

Download Full-text

Structures, physico-chemical properties, production and (potential) applications of sucrose-derived α-d-glucans synthesized by glucansucrases

Carbohydrate Polymers ◽

10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116818 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 249 ◽

pp. 116818

Author(s):

Xiaodan Li ◽

Xiaofei Wang ◽

Xiangfeng Meng ◽

Lubbert Dijkhuizen ◽

Weifeng Liu

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Potential Applications

Download Full-text

Potential Applications of Biphosphonates in Dental Surgical Implants

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1177/039463200702000304 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 455-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. Berardi ◽

T. Carlesi ◽

F. Rossi ◽

M. Calderini ◽

R. Volpi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alveolar Bone ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Surgical Implants ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Collateral Effect

Biphosphonates are largely used for their unquestionable properties of inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclast in the treatment of various osteometabolic illnesses such as osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, tumors which metastasize to the bone and malignant hypercalcemia. In this literature review the physico-chemical properties, biologic activities and the mechanisms of action of biphosphonates are described. The use of these drugs is discussed, analyzing the quantity of results which have emerged through in vitro and in vivo experiments on animal models. In this study the efficiency of these drugs is demonstrated in contrasting the osteolitic processes of the alveolar bone, in promoting the neoformation and in bettering the quality of bone implants. However, it is important to draw attention to a worrying correlation which has emerged during the last 3–4 years, between osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and the systemic administration of aminobiphosphonates. This collateral effect did not emerge following the use of non-aminobiphosphonates. The aim of this revie w is to identify the guidelines for the use of biphosphonates in oral implant surgery.

Download Full-text

Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Mesocrystals: Synthesis, Growth Mechanisms and Photocatalytic Properties

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal9010091 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 91 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Boxue Zhang ◽

Shengxin Cao ◽

Meiqi Du ◽

Xiaozhou Ye ◽

Yun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Building Blocks ◽

High Specific Surface Area ◽

Future Research ◽

Special Focus ◽

Growth Mechanisms ◽

Environmental Deterioration ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Shed Light

Hierarchical TiO2 superstructures with desired architectures and intriguing physico-chemical properties are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for solving the serious issues related to global energy exhaustion as well as environmental deterioration via the well-known photocatalytic process. In particular, TiO2 mesocrystals, which are built from TiO2 nanocrystal building blocks in the same crystallographical orientation, have attracted intensive research interest in the area of photocatalysis owing to their distinctive structural properties such as high crystallinity, high specific surface area, and single-crystal-like nature. The deeper understanding of TiO2 mesocrystals-based photocatalysis is beneficial for developing new types of photocatalytic materials with multiple functionalities. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the recent advances toward fabricating and modifying TiO2 mesocrystals is provided, with special focus on the underlying mesocrystallization mechanism and controlling rules. The potential applications of as-synthesized TiO2 mesocrystals in photocatalysis are then discussed to shed light on the structure–performance relationships, thus guiding the development of highly efficient TiO2 mesocrystal-based photocatalysts for certain applications. Finally, the prospects of future research on TiO2 mesocrystals in photocatalysis are briefly highlighted.

Download Full-text

Methods of extraction, physicochemical properties of alginates and their applications in biomedical field – a review

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2019-0077 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 738-762 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Magdalena Beata Łabowska ◽

Izabela Michalak ◽

Jerzy Detyna

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Wound Management ◽

Probiotic Properties ◽

Food Ingredient ◽

Variable Yield ◽

Current State ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Potential Applications

AbstractIn this paper, the current state-of-art of extraction of alginates and the determination of their physico-chemical properties as well as their overall applications focussing on biomedical purposes has been presented. The quality and quantity of the alginate obtained with a variable yield prepared from brown seaweeds as a result of many factors, such as type of algae, extraction methods, chemical modification and others. Alginates are mainly extracted by using conventional alkaline extraction. However, novel extraction techniques such as microwave and ultrasound assisted extractions have gained a lot of interest. The extraction parameters (e.g., temperature and time of extraction) have critical impact on the alginate physiochemical and mechanical properties and thus, their potential applications. By controlling a chemical process makes it possible get various forms of alginates, such as fibres, films, hydrogels or foams. It is important to characterise the obtained alginates in order to their proper applications. This article presents several techniques used for the analysis of alginate properties. These natural polysaccharides are widely used in the commercial production, as a food ingredient, in the pharmaceutical industry due to their antibacterial, anticancer and probiotic properties. Their gelling characteristic and absorbable properties enable using alginates as a wound management material. Moreover, they are also biocompatible, non-toxic and biodegradable, therefore adequate in other biomedical applications.

Download Full-text

Carboxylated fullerenes: Physico-chemical properties and potential applications

Progress in Solid State Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2017.09.001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47-48 ◽

pp. 19-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Konstantin N. Semenov ◽

Elena V. Andrusenko ◽

Nikolai A. Charykov ◽

Elena V. Litasova ◽

Gayane G. Panova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Potential Applications

Download Full-text

Insight into the formation mechanism of azo dye-based hybrid colorant: Physico-chemical properties and potential applications

Dyes and Pigments ◽

10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.04.022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 167 ◽

pp. 236-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bolesław Szadkowski ◽

Anna Marzec ◽

Jacek Rogowski ◽

Waldemar Maniukiewicz ◽

Marian Zaborski

Keyword(s):

Formation Mechanism ◽

Azo Dye ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Insight Into

Download Full-text

Chemical Proprieties of Biopolymers (Chitin/Chitosan) and Their Synergic Effects with Endophytic Bacillus Species: Unlimited Applications in Agriculture

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26041117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 1117

Author(s):

Rkhaila Amine ◽

Chtouki Tarek ◽

Erguig Hassane ◽

El Haloui Noureddine ◽

Ounine Khadija

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Bacillus Species ◽

Agricultural Field ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Genus Bacillus ◽

The Past ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Synthetic Pesticides ◽

Chitin And Chitosan

Over the past decade, reckless usage of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture has made the environment and human health progressively vulnerable. This setting leads to the pursuit of other environmentally friendly interventions. Amongst the suggested solutions, the use of chitin and chitosan came about, whether alone or in combination with endophytic bacterial strains. In the framework of this research, we reported an assortment of studies on the physico-chemical properties and potential applications in the agricultural field of two biopolymers extracted from shrimp shells (chitin and chitosan), in addition to their uses as biofertilizers and biostimulators in combination with bacterial strains of the genus Bacillus sp. (having biochemical and enzymatic properties).

Download Full-text

Evolution of physico-chemical properties of Dicranopteris linearis-derived activated carbon under various physical activation atmospheres

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93934-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nga T. Mai ◽

Minh N. Nguyen ◽

Toshiki Tsubota ◽

Phuong L. T. Nguyen ◽

Nam H. Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Relative Proportion ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical Activation ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Fern Species ◽

Ir And Raman ◽

Dicranopteris Linearis ◽

Total Specific Surface Area

AbstractThis work emphasizes the effect of the physical activation using CO2 and steam agents on the physicochemical properties of activated carbon produced from Dicranopteris linearis (D. linearis), a fern species widely distributed across tropic and subtropic ecoregions. The D. linearis-derived chars produced under pyrolysis at 400 °C for 1 h were activated in various CO2-steam proportions. As revealed by the IR and Raman spectra, the structure of the activated chars was heavily dependent on the relative proportion of CO2 and steam. The total specific surface area (SSA) of the activated chars proportionally increased with the increase in steam proportion and was comparable to the values of commercial activated char products. Specifically, the activation under CO2− and steam-saturated conditions has correspondingly resulted in SSA increasing from 89 to 653 m2g−1 and from 89 to 1015 m2g−1. Steam also enhanced the development of mesoporous structures of the D. linearis-derived char products, thereby extending their potential applications, particularly for industries that require high rigidity in the product such as pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors.

Download Full-text

Solid–liquid equilibria of binary mixtures of fluorinated ionic liquids

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ◽

10.1039/c6cp05372f ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (36) ◽

pp. 25741-25750 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ana Rita R. Teles ◽

Helga Correia ◽

Guilherme J. Maximo ◽

Luís P. N. Rebelo ◽

Mara G. Freire ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Binary Mixtures ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Solid Liquid

Within ionic liquids, fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs) present unique physico-chemical properties and potential applications in several fields.

Download Full-text

Mineralogical and physico-chemical properties of halloysite-bearing slip surface material from a landslide during the 2018 Eastern Iburi earthquake, Hokkaido

Progress in Earth and Planetary Science ◽

10.1186/s40645-021-00428-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jun Kameda

Keyword(s):

Colloidal Stability ◽

Slip Surface ◽

High Capacity ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

High Mobility ◽

Electrophoretic Analysis ◽

Surface Material ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Ground Shaking ◽

Physico Chemical

AbstractDestructive landslides were triggered by the 6.7 Mw Eastern Iburi earthquake that struck southern Hokkaido, Japan, on 6 September 2018. Heavy rainfall on 4 September in addition to intermittent rainfall around the Iburi Tobu area saturated and weakened the slope-forming materials (mostly altered volcanoclastic soils), making them susceptible to failure because of the earthquake’s strong ground motion. Most of the shallow landslides exhibited long runouts along gentle hill slopes, with characteristic halloysite-bearing slip surface at the base of the volcanic soils. This study investigated the mineralogical and physico-chemical properties of the slip surface material with the aim of understanding weakening and post-failure behaviors during the landslides. Halloysite in the slip surface had irregular-to-hollow-spherical morphology with higher mesopore volumes than tubular halloysite, which is related to a high capacity for water retention after rainfall. To reproduce possible chemical changes in the slip surface during rainfall, the sample was immersed in varying amounts of rainwater; solution pH increased and ionic strength decreased with increasing water content. These findings, alongside electrophoretic analysis, suggest that rainwater infiltration could have increased the absolute zeta potential value of the slip surface material. It is suggested that rainfall before the earthquake enhanced the colloidal stability of halloysite particles within the slip surface, owing to an increase in electrostatic repulsion. This decreased the material’s cohesive strength, which might have led to destabilization of the slope during ground shaking generated by the earthquake, and subsequent high-mobility flow after failure.

Download Full-text