Human Factors in Cybersecurity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Esmeralda Kadena ◽  
Marsidi Gupi
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
The Third ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Security Incidents

Technological solutions in the mobile and digital era are becoming more helpful in informing the population, educational systems, monitoring, tracking the individuals, working, and spending time from home. On the other hand, the valuable information within such systems is posed to the risk of breaches at the individual and organizational level. As a result, cyber threats are constantly evolving. Many security incidents and data breaches are associated with the human factor. Respectively, this work highlights the importance of human factors in cybersecurity. Firstly, this article gives a brief overview of the topic and its significance. Then we present the most common risks in the cybersecurity field and their impacts. The third part emphasizes the role of human factors in security and elaborates on the behavioral approaches. Our conclusions are drawn in the last detail. To further our research, we plan to investigate behavioral science theories on understanding the influence of human factors in cybersecurity.

Communication, Consumers, and Citizens

2012 ◽  
Vol 644 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhavan V. Shah ◽  
Lewis A. Friedland ◽  
Chris Wells ◽  
Young Mie Kim ◽  
Hernando Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Group Level ◽  
Political Consumerism ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Occupy Movement ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Socially Situated

The year 2011 was defined by the intersection of politics and economics: the Wisconsin protests, the Occupy Movement, anti-austerity demonstrations, the Buffett Rule, and so on. These events drew attention to the role of politics in the erosion of labor power, the rise of inequality, and the excesses of overconsumption. Moving beyond periodic and dutiful action directed at an increasingly unresponsive government, citizens tested the boundaries of what we consider civic engagement by embracing personalized forms of “lifestyle politics” enacted in everyday life and often directed at the market. These issues are the focus of this volume, which we divide into four sections. The first section attempts both to situate consumption in politics as a contemporary phenomenon and to view it through a wider historical lens. The second section advances the notion of sustainable citizenship at the individual/group level and the societal/institutional level, and understands consumption as socially situated and structured. Extending this thinking, the third section explores various forms of conscious consumption and relates them to emerging modes of activism and engagement. The fourth section questions assumptions about the effectiveness of the citizen-consumer and the underlying value of political consumerism and conscious consumption. We conclude by distilling six core themes from this collection for future work.

scholarly journals Cross-Nativity Partnering and Political Participation: The Effect of Partner's Immigration Background on Voting Across Immigrant Generations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansini Munasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Immigrant Generation ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Third ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual

Research on cross-nativity partnering – relationships between immigrants and non-immigrants – has mainly focused on socioeconomic determinants and outcomes of these unions, and their sociopolitical consequences remain underexplored. Extrapolating existing research reveals how cross-nativity relationships may serve as conduits of resources, knowledge, and connections that facilitate political participation; as spaces of political resocialization, bringing together partners with different experiences and understandings of citizenship; and, alternatively, as a selection mechanism whereby immigrant integration results in cross-nativity relationships among those more likely to participate in politics. Using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and linking information about married and cohabiting couples, this study assesses whether cross-nativity partnering is associated with voting. Logistic regression models predicting voting using respondents’ and their partners’ immigrant generation indicate two broad findings. First, having a second or third+ generation partner is positively associated with voting, consistent with theoretical expectations that US-born partners provide resources or signal selection. Second, and more surprisingly, there is small but significant variation in voting among the third+ generation based on their partner’s immigrant generation. This indicates inadequacies in theorizing US-born partners solely as providers, and is more consistent with political resocialization. Importantly, this finding challenges theoretical and empirical assumptions in immigration research about the third+ generation as a static baseline. Overall, this study contributes to expanding scholarly focus beyond the individual to the role of relationships, in particular of spouses and cohabiting partners, in integrating immigrants into political life, and, more broadly, in shaping and contextualizing interactions between the state and its citizens and subjects.

scholarly journals STAY HUNGRY, STAY FOOLISH: PER UNA STORIA NATURALE DELL’ANORE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Politi ◽  
Mariacristina Migliardi
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Individual

Thanks to a broad historical-anthropological and clinical examination, the authors re-evaluate the role of hunger in the development of our species, and also in that of the individual. The alternation empty/full, internal/ external, the complex game that is established between need, object and desire, structures the childhood of the human cub. In the same way, the alternation between active and passive gaze inaugurates and accompanies the adolescent turbulence, often dictating the rhythms. The third stage of this speech, relating to the season of maturity, focuses on the (dangerous) intersection between food and air, between when we breathe and when we swallow. The lecture ends with the theme of fasting in old age, which engages the themes of depression, involution and detachment.

Identification of hazards related to human factors in the railway transport system

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Iwona Karasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Railway Safety

The article presents the significance of the analysis of threats related to the human factor in the rail transport system. The place and role of the human factor in the Directive on railway safety is described. Railway incidents in 2010–2017 were analyzed in terms of events caused by the direct action of employees in positions related to the safety and conduct of railway traffic. Methods that infrastructure managers and rail operators can use to correctly define the place and role of individual work posts in the organization and their impact on rail traffic safety are indicated. In addition, the article proposes a procedure for identifying threats in the area of the human factor, the interfaces associated with the work position of the traffic dispatcher are defined.

The Systematic Consideration of Human Factors in Vessel Collision Investigations

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 142-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan R. Emond
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Available Information

AbstractHistorically, human factors have caused or contributed to the cause of nearly every vessel collision. However, given the vast number and type of human factors that can possibly be involved, the typical marine investigator risks either considering these factors only superficially or becoming bogged down in an academic exercise. Beyond just saying the collision was caused by “human error,” the marine investigator should understand the role of human factors in the causal chain of events. Some human factor issues can be difficult to parse from the available information. This is particularly the case for historical events but is also true even where witnesses are available. Nonetheless, there are a number of key areas where hard facts can reveal human factor issues that directly caused or contributed to the collision or somehow exacerbate the results. This paper divides that consideration into three parts, (1) human factors that affect the risk of the collision occurring, (2) human factors that affect the response once risk of collision is perceived, and (3) human factors that affect witness perception and recollection after the accident. The construct described in this paper can be used by the investigator to ensure a systematic consideration of key human factors relevant to a collision.

What are Video “Colorists” and How do we Human Factor them?

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 941-944
Author(s):  
Tyler Slake
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Pilot Testing ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Film ◽  
Future Plans

This paper summarizes some of the work-in-progress in evaluating the role of the human operator in a novel system for colorizing black and white film. The findings of a series of initial structured observations and pilot testing are reported, followed by a series of sample human factors problems and possible solution approaches identified. Future plans for expanded efforts to study the new task of “coloring” are described.

Organizational Stress, Job Satisfaction and Job Performance: Where Do We Go From Here?

1992 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherny E. Sullivan ◽  
Rabi S. Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Organizational Stress ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article reviews and summarizes two decades of empirical literature concerned with both direct and moderating variable-based analyses of the relationship of organizational stress with job satisfaction and job performance. Moderating influences of various constructs operationalized at the individual, group and organizational level of analysis are classified and then reviewed systematically. An evaluative summary of this research suggests that although there have been significant improvements in the analytical methods employed to investigate such phenomena, much of this research still does not consider the role of reciprocal relationships that evolve over time. We provide four guidelines for improving the quality of both theoretical rigor and methodological robustness in this important area of organizational inquiry.

scholarly journals Patterns of Trust and Collaboration among Nonprofit Organizations and Health Funds: A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vered Reiter ◽  
Shay S. Tzafrir ◽  
Nathaniel Laor
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Collaboration Process ◽  
The Individual

The importance of collaboration between organizations, especially in the modern world, has been discussed extensively by researchers from different fields. Yet, the importance of the context, trust dynamics, and the employment social environment, such as the interplay among these factors, i.e., trust, individual behavior, and political behavior, has been less studied. This study evaluates the role of trust in and between organizations on successful collaboration processes. Using qualitative methodology, we interviewed 11 senior directors who were involved in a specific case-study of collaboration among four major organizations as well as direct observation, documentation, and archive records. Our findings emphasize the importance of analyzing multilevel trust, interpolitics, and intrapolitics, even when success is at stake. We suggest that managers have to account for emotional involvement at the individual level, even when successful organizational-level collaboration occurs. Overall, we found that there are two aspects of trust in a collaboration process between organizations: system’s aspect and personal aspect. Each aspect is influenced by various factors, mainly different goals and interest and lack of procedures or regulations (from the system’s aspect) and feelings of vagueness in goals and managerial procedures as well as feelings of exploitation (from the personal aspect). In addition, we found that past acquaintances, mutual experience, and shared visions raise the level of trust, which in turn affects the reciprocal relations and therefore the collaboration process resulting in higher social effectiveness for social services.

scholarly journals Framing innovation practices in interstitial issue fields: Open innovation in the NYC administration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Heimstädt ◽  
Georg Reischauer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Public Sector Organizations ◽  
Cultural Resonance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Innovation Practices

Public sector organizations increasingly innovate through open innovation practices that originated in the private sector. To explain the use of these innovation practices, extant research has focused on enabling conditions at the individual and organizational level, but has paid little attention to extra-organizational factors such as culture. To address this gap, we adopted a field framing perspective to study the use of open innovation practices in the New York City (NYC) administration. We found that actors in NYC equipped different social positions – insider, outsider, and interstitial – and used different discursive tactics – reflective frame blending and supplemental frame blending – to enhance the cultural resonance of open innovation practices. We further theorize these findings with a framework on the enabling conditions for the cultural resonance of innovation practices. Our study contributes to innovation studies by unpacking the role of culture for the use of innovation practices and to the framing literature by specifying the role of discursive tactics and social positions for the cultural resonance of new practices.

Bonhoeffer and Political Life

2019 ◽  
pp. 330-343
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Plant
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Third ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Spiritual Authority ◽  
God's Word ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Church

This chapter begins by describing some of the influences that shaped Bonhoeffer’s political views, narrowly construed, and the central role of Martin Luther’s thought in guiding the direction of those parts of his theology that connect with political life. The chapter continues by exploring how Bonhoeffer attempted to think with and through these sources about the duties and responsibilities of governments and citizens, of the Church, and of the individual Christian in response to the Church struggle and the policies of the Third Reich. What evolved was a reworking of the orders of creation and preservation, a subtle ecology of temporal and spiritual authority under God, and an understanding of reality understood through the incarnation of Christ. This theology funded a steadfast conviction that the Church can and must speak God’s Word to the world, even to the point of standing in the place of the victims of political oppression.

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