Nutzung von Flexibilitätspotenzialen im Störungsmanagement*/Potentials of flexibility in the disruption management of large-scale product assembly

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (09) ◽  
pp. 631-636
Author(s):  
H. Prinzhorn ◽  
M. Zenker ◽  
R. Sporrer ◽  
P. Prof. Nyhuis
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Disruption Management ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Product Assembly ◽  
Term Response

Die hohe Störfanfälligkeit bei der Montage großskaliger Produkte verlangt eine kurzfristige Auswahl von Maßnahmen zur Reaktion auf Störungen, um Auswirkungen wie Lieferterminverspätungen oder Auslastungsverluste zu reduzieren. Die Nutzung von Flexibilitätspotenzialen eines Produktionssystems stellt einen Ansatz dar, um diese Herausforderung zu bewältigen. Dieser Fachbeitrag zeigt auf, welche Flexibilitätspotenziale in diesem speziellen Umfeld zur Verfügung stehen und genutzt werden können.   Assembling large-scale products involves frequent process interruptions why in order to reduce the impact of interruptions, a short-term response is necessary to reduce delivery delays and idle times of resources. An approach for challenge this represents the flexibility of a production system. Regarding the environment of large-scale product assembly, it has to be shown which potentials of flexibility are able to use in a short-term manner.

Overburdened Gauls: the case of Florus and Sacrovir’s revolt of 21 CE

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared Kreiner
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Scale Resistance ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In 21 CE, a series of localized movements broke out in Gallia Comata due to heavy debts among provincials according to Tacitus. Modern scholars have long argued that the indebtedness occurred because of rising interest rates, resulting from dwindling currency in circulation after decades of free-spending following Augustus’ victory at Actium, and that Gallic communities were subjected to an additional tribute to support the wars of Germanicus (14–16 CE), which continued unabated after the wars and pushed Gauls beyond their means. These claims are misguided, however, in that there is no certain evidence of a special tax to support Germanicus’ wars and that the argument for a dwindling circulation of currency in Gaul falters under closer inspection. Rather, the pressing statal and military needs imposed on communities in Gallia Comata after 9 CE on top of routine exactions could significantly increase burden levels levied on provincial populations, thus contributing to rising debts. Through examining how Roman logistics and conscription operated in this period, it is possible to trace how populations were impacted by such demands and which communities were most heavily affected by them, too. Individually, the impact of each factor is unlikely to have been burdensome enough to have caused large-scale resistance, it is only the cumulative effect that these explanations had on top of routine Roman extraction schemes that could create the conditions for this revolt. This paper argues that in extraordinary circumstances, such as the period after the Varian Disaster for Gallia Comata, the costs of supporting military campaigns places real short-term strains on local economies, which creates the conditions for revolt. The benefit of this approach is that it may explain other episodes of anti-fiscal resistance that broke out during or within a decade of wars in neighboring regions.

Housing Disinvestment and Crime in a Phoenix Suburb: Exploring the Differential Effects of Investors and Owner-Occupants

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa W. Chamberlain ◽  
Danielle Wallace ◽  
Deirdre Pfeiffer ◽  
Janne Gaub
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sociodemographic Data ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Home Sales ◽  
The Impact

External investment in neighborhoods can inhibit crime. However, during the housing crisis, many investors were foreclosed upon, triggering large-scale community disinvestment. Yet the impact of this type of disinvestment on crime is currently unknown. Combining data on crime incidents with foreclosure, home sales, and sociodemographic data, this research assesses whether the foreclosure of properties owned by investors has an effect on crime in neighborhoods in Chandler, Arizona, a suburb in the heavily affected Phoenix region. Neighborhoods with a greater proportion of foreclosures on investors (FOIs) have higher total and property crime rates in the short term. In Hispanic neighborhoods, a greater proportion of FOIs result in lower rates of crime. Results suggest that neighborhood stabilization efforts should consider the role of investors in driving short-term crime rates, and that police and code enforcement strategies might prioritize neighborhoods with a high proportion of investor foreclosures.

Sanctions as Punishment, Enforcement, and Prelude to Further Action

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 17-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Clawson
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
International Support ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reasonable Prospect ◽  
Term Response

This article looks at some major goals that have been set for sanctions and evaluates how effective sanctions have been at reaching those goals. It also examines the costs of sanctions, i.e., the impact on civilians and on international support for sanctions. Clawson concludes that sanctions are useful only as a short-term response in situations in which the world community is prepared to use force in the likely event that the target regime does not change its behavior. If there is not will to use force to back the sanctions, then the sanctions are morally dubious: they impose suffering and may cause deaths without offering a reasonable prospect of accomplishing good.

scholarly journals Boosting Career and Employability Outcomes Through Multiple Learning Abroad Experiences

2021 ◽  
pp. 102831532110527
Author(s):  
Davina Potts ◽  
Jeongeun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Career Outcomes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Large Scale Dataset ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Australian Universities

While participation in learning abroad has increased rapidly over the last decade, short-term programs played an important role in boosting participation and widening access to learning abroad. The current study takes advantage of a new pattern of participation in learning abroad to examine self-reported career outcomes and employability development benefits based on program duration and the number of programs undertaken. Using a large-scale dataset of graduates of Australian universities, the study challenges conventional wisdom that a longer experience is better and explores the impact of multiple short-term program participation as a new intervention in graduate career outcomes. Although this study is based on the Australian higher education context, the results may be informative to educators and policy-makers from countries with comparable learning abroad programs in considering how short-term programs can be used more purposefully to foster positive careers and employability outcomes.

scholarly journals Impact of cancer on short-term in-hospital mortality after primary acute myocardial infarction

Open Heart ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001860
Author(s):  
Robert Zheng ◽  
Kenya Kusunose ◽  
Yuichiro Okushi ◽  
Yoshihiro Okayama ◽  
Michikazu Nakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Diagnosis Procedure Combination ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases are the second most common cause of mortality among cancer survivors, after death from cancer. We sought to assess the impact of cancer on the short-term outcomes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), by analysing data obtained from a large-scale database.MethodsThis study was based on the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in the Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases and the Diagnosis Procedure Combination. We identified patients who were hospitalised for primary AMI between April 2012 and March 2017. Propensity Score (PS) was estimated with logistic regression model, with cancer as the dependent variable and 21 clinically relevant covariates. The main outcome was in-hospital mortality.ResultsWe split 1 52 208 patients into two groups with or without cancer. Patients with cancer tended to be older (cancer group 73±11 years vs non-cancer group 68±13 years) and had smaller body mass index (cancer group 22.8±3.6 vs non-cancer 23.9±4.3). More patients in the non-cancer group had hypertension or dyslipidaemia than their cancer group counterparts. The non-cancer group also had a higher rate of percutaneous coronary intervention (cancer 92.6% vs non-cancer 95.2%). Patients with cancer had a higher 30-day mortality (cancer 6.0% vs non-cancer 5.3%) and total mortality (cancer 8.1% vs non-cancer 6.1%) rate, but this was statistically insignificant after PS matching.ConclusionCancer did not significantly impact short-term in-hospital mortality rates after hospitalisation for primary AMI.

scholarly journals The impact of short-term incentives on physical activity in a UK behavioural incentives programme

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cother Hajat ◽  
Ali Hasan ◽  
Shaun Subel ◽  
Adam Noach
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This observational study investigates whether the provision of ongoing short-term-incentives for verified physical activity increases and sustains levels of physical activity. We compared UK members at baseline (years 1 and 2) prior to Vitality’s Active Rewards (VAR) intervention commencing (year 3) and follow-up (year 4) for verified, self-reported (encompassing additional physical activities), mortality relative risk and satisfaction with physical activity. Members were categorised into low-active, medium-active and high-active by tertiles of baseline physical activity. Of 11,881 participants, 6477(54.5%) were male, with mean age 39.7(SD 9.8) years. At follow-up, annual active days had increased by 56% overall [60.8(59.7–61.9)–94.8(93.0–96.5)]; 554% in low-active [8.5(8.3–8.7)–47.1(44.7–49.5)]; 205% in medium-active [39.8(39.4–40.2)–81.4(78.7–84.1)] and 17% in high-active members [131.7(129.9–133.5)–153.7(150.7–156.7)] (all p < 0.001). Annual weeks of attaining international physical activity recommendations increased by 19% overall [22.2(42.8%)–26.4(50.8%)] and by 316% for low-active members [4.9(9.5%)–15.5(29.8%)]. Self-reported active minutes/week increased by 45% overall [1423(139.4–145.2)–207.0(201.8–212.3)] and 712% in low-active members [20.1(19.3–21.0)–143.2(134.6–151.9)]. Happiness with exercise levels also increased from 1985(49.4%) to 3414(84.9%) members (all p < 0.001). The relative risk of mortality from a lack of physical activity reduced by 7% for low-active members [from 0.99 to 0.92], 5% for medium-active [0.94–0.89] and 3% for high-active [0.89–0.86](p < 0.001) and by 0.02% for each additional year of age (p = 0.02). This large-scale, real-world, short-term-incentives intervention led to a dramatic increase in physical activity which was sustained for, and still increasing after, two years. If applied at broader level, this approach could considerably aid progress towards WHO targets in its Global Action Plan for Physical Activity.

scholarly journals Impact of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Hypoxia on Catecholamine Biosynthesis in Absence or Presence of Hif2α in Pheochromocytoma Cells

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Bechmann ◽  
Isabel Poser ◽  
Verena Seifert ◽  
Christian Greunke ◽  
Martin Ullrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Spheroid Culture ◽  
Catecholamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Pheochromocytoma Cells ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Response

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) with activated pseudohypoxic pathways are associated with an immature catecholamine phenotype and carry a higher risk for metastasis. For improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms we investigated the impact of hypoxia and pseudohypoxia on catecholamine biosynthesis in pheochromocytoma cells naturally lacking Hif2α (MPC and MTT) or expressing both Hif1α and Hif2α (PC12). Cultivation under extrinsic hypoxia or in spheroid culture (intrinsic hypoxia) increased cellular dopamine and norepinephrine contents in all cell lines. To distinguish further between Hif1α- and Hif2α-driven effects we expressed Hif2α in MTT and MPC-mCherry cells (naturally lacking Hif2α). Presence of Hif2α resulted in similarly increased cellular dopamine and norepinephrine under hypoxia as in the control cells. Furthermore, hypoxia resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). A specific knockdown of Hif1α in PC12 diminished these effects. Pseudohypoxic conditions, simulated by expression of Hif2α under normoxia resulted in increased TH phosphorylation, further stimulated by extrinsic hypoxia. Correlations with PPGL tissue data led us to conclude that catecholamine biosynthesis under hypoxia is mainly mediated through increased phosphorylation of TH, regulated as a short-term response (24–48 h) by HIF1α. Continuous activation of hypoxia-related genes under pseudohypoxia leads to a HIF2α-mediated phosphorylation of TH (permanent status).

scholarly journals Impact of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Large-Scale Functional Brain Networks: From Local to Global

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Rings ◽  
Randi von Wrede ◽  
Timo Bröhl ◽  
Sophia Schach ◽  
Christoph Helmstaedter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Functional Brain Networks ◽  
The Impact

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a novel non-invasive brain stimulation technique considered as a potential supplementary treatment option for a wide range of diseases. Although first promising findings were obtained so far, the exact mode of action of taVNS is not fully understood yet. We recently developed an examination schedule to probe for immediate taVNS-induced modifications of large-scale epileptic brain networks. With this schedule, we observed short-term taVNS to have a topology-modifying, robustness- and stability-enhancing immediate effect on large-scale functional brain networks from subjects with focal epilepsies. We here expand on this study and investigate the impact of short-term taVNS on various local and global characteristics of large-scale evolving functional brain networks from a group of 30 subjects with and without central nervous system diseases. Our findings point to differential, at first glance counterintuitive, taVNS-mediated alterations of local and global topological network characteristics that result in a reconfiguration of networks and a modification of their stability and robustness properties. We propose a model of a stimulation-related stretching and compression of evolving functional brain networks that may help to better understand the mode of action of taVNS.

scholarly journals The impact of digital technology use on adolescent well-being

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
The Impact

This review provides an overview of the literature regarding digital technology use and adolescent well-being. Overall, findings imply that the general effects are on the negative end of the spectrum but very small. Effects differ depending on the type of use: whereas procrastination and passive use are related to more negative effects, social and active use are related to more positive effects. Digital technology use has stronger effects on short-term markers of hedonic well-being (eg, negative affect) than long-term measures of eudaimonic well-being (eg, life satisfaction). Although adolescents are more vulnerable, effects are comparable for both adolescents and adults. It appears that both low and excessive use are related to decreased well-being, whereas moderate use is related to increased well-being. The current research still has many limitations: High-quality studies with large-scale samples, objective measures of digital technology use, and experience sampling of well-being are missing.

Short-Term Metro Ridership Prediction During Unplanned Events

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110375
Author(s):  
Yangyang Zhao ◽  
Zhenliang Ma ◽  
Xinguo Jiang ◽  
Haris N. Koutsopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Imbalanced Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Training Problem ◽  
Term Prediction ◽  
Model Training ◽  
Short Term Prediction ◽  
The Impact

Unplanned events present significant challenges for operations and management in metro systems. Short-term ridership prediction can help agencies to better design contingency strategies under unplanned events. Though many short-term prediction methods have been proposed in the literature, most studies focused on typical situations or planned events. The study develops methods for the short-term metro ridership prediction under unplanned events. It explores event impact representation mechanisms and deals with the imbalanced data training problem in building the prediction model under unplanned events. Typical machine learning and deep learning methods are developed for exploration. A large-scale automatic fare collection (AFC) dataset and event record data for a heavily used metro system are used for empirical studies. The analysis found that the same type of unplanned event shares a similar and consistent demand change pattern (with respect to the demand under typical situations) at the station level. The synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) can enrich the ridership observations under unplanned events and generate a balanced dataset for model training. Given the occurrence of unplanned events, the results show that a combination of demand change ratio and the SMOTE oversampling technique enables the prediction models to learn the impact of unplanned events and improve the prediction accuracy under unplanned events. However, the oversampling methods (i.e., SMOTE and replication) slightly deteriorate the prediction accuracy for ridership under normal conditions. The findings provide insights into mechanisms for disruption impact representation and oversampling imbalanced data in model training, and guide the development of models for short-term prediction under unplanned events.

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