MAIN RESULTS OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOR GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN ARID CONDITIONS MANGISTAU

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
А.А. Imanbaeva ◽  
◽  
I.F. Belozerov ◽  
G.G. Gassanova ◽  
A.S. Ondasynova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Green Construction ◽  
Technical Programs ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Functional Zones

In Mangystau, there is an acute problem of comparative assessment of the overall decorative effect of green devices in the system of a specific natural and urban landscape, which the Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden (MABS) has been dealing with for the last 6 years as part of the scientific and technical programs "Innovative potential of botanical gardens of Kazakhstan as a scientific and practical basis for the conservation and balanced use of biological diversity in the arid conditions of the Mangystau desert". The description of the special computer program "PLANT-EST-KZ" developed at the MIEB is given, the database of which currently includes the most complete information about 94 green devices of residential and industrial zones of 5 settlements of the Mangystau region of 13 types. The decorative significance of the signs was determined by the results of a detailed survey of plantings, during which functional zones, types of compositions, age and height of woody plants, tiering of plantings, species composition, areas under woody vegetation, flower beds, rose gardens and lawns, the number of memorable (cultural) objects were identified. A comprehensive scale for assessing the aesthetics of green devices, compiled in relation to the arid conditions of Mangystau, is proposed, taking into account 37 structural, commemorative, ecological, biological and agrotechnical characteristics of garden and park objects. A comparative analysis of the aesthetics of green devices for various functional purposes is given. The introduction of the developed program into the practice of green construction will become the basis for an objective assessment of the decorative nature of the landscaping plantings of Mangystau and the development of effective measures for the reconstruction of existing and the creation of new garden and park plantings.

ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH OF ADJUSTABILITY OF EQUIPMENT FOR INTERNAL SMALL-SIZED THREADING

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
A.O. KHARCHENKO ◽  
A.A. KHARCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Automated Production ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Aided Design

The article presents the results of analysis and theoretical research in the direction of improving equipment for internal threading of parts in a flexible automated production. Methods for assessing the flexibility and readjustability of equipment are considered, which can be used as the basis for the developed methodology for the synthesis of technological elements of modules in conditions of computer-aided design. It is proposed to consider the technological system of the flexible manufacturing module (FMM) of threading, as a system in which transitions from state to state occur under the action of the simplest flows with the parameters of the transition probabilities of a continuous Markov chain. The developed mathematical model, which describes the states of a FMM, taking into account the readjustment of its technological elements, makes it possible to reflect the influence on the operation of the module of the parameters of applications for the changeover of processing modes, a tool, a power threading head, basic elements of a machine tool, a device, a loading device. The structure of the model and the labeled graph of the states of the system can be improved as the number of parameters and characteristics is refined. The solution of the resulting system of equations of final probabilities using the normalization condition allows for given (or experimentally obtained) intensities of arrival and service of changeover requests for FMM of threading, to obtain the values of the probability of non-changeover operation, as well as the probabilities of finding the system in an inoperative state due to the corresponding changeovers. For complete information and an objective assessment of the preferred option for use in FMS conditions, it is also necessary to take into account the stochastic processes occurring in the system under real operating conditions.

scholarly journals Economic valuation of plant diversity storage service provided by Brazilian rupestrian grassland ecosystems

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
FM. Resende ◽  
GW. Fernandes ◽  
MS. Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Serra Do Cipó ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Storage Service ◽  
Belo Horizonte

The rupestrian grassland ecosystems provide various goods and services to society and support a significant amount of biological diversity. Notably the rich plant diversity has high levels of endemism and a variety of uses among the local communities and general society. Despite the socio-ecological importance of these ecosystems, they are subjected to significant anthropogenic pressures. The goal of this study is to perform economic valuation of the plant diversity storage service provided by rupestrian grassland ecosystems to provide grounds for the development of conservation policies and encourage sustainable practices in these ecosystems. Given the intense human disturbances and unique flora, the Serra do Cipó (southern portion of the Espinhaço Range in southeast Brazil) was selected for the study. We estimate the monetary value related to the plant diversity storage service provided by the study area using the maintenance costs of native plants in the living collections of the botanical garden managed by the Zoobotanical Foundation - Belo Horizonte (located 97 km from Serra do Cipó). The plant diversity storage value provided by Serra do Cipó ecosystems is significant, reaching US$25.26 million year–1. This study contributes to the development of perspectives related to the conservation of rupestrian grassland ecosystems as well as others threatened tropical ecosystems with high biodiversity

scholarly journals The Results of Plant Monitoring in the Semistozhki Area of Stavropol Region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E N Seliverstova ◽  
V V Khrapach ◽  
V V Volkova ◽  
N V Shegrinets
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Stavropol Region

Preserving biodiversity is a global problem that was reflected in the Convention on Biological Diversity which appeared in 1992. The adoption of the Convention was an answer to the intensified problem of a significant reduction in the diversity of genetic resources. Botanical gardens are the main centres for preserving the biodiversity of plants that solve the problem of preserving the gene pool. One of the main tasks of botanical gardens is to monitor plant populations in their natural habitats in situ. This paper describes the monitoring of the current state of peonies and sedges in the Semistozhki area of the Andropov district in the Stavropol region. The research determines the growing locations and the belongingness of species to plant associations in the vegetation variety of the Stavropol region. It also determines the species that may be treated as rare due to their limited distribution area. The territory is marked by the presence of Paeonia tenuifolia L., which is a tertiary relict, and Paeonia biebersteiniana Rupr., which is subendimic for Stavropol region. Rear species with low numbers that are not threatened by grave danger of extinction are also present. Carex hordeistichos Vill. and c. otrubae Podp. species in the area are small in number. Their populations in the area are inadequate with young, vegetative and strong specimens lacking. The limiting factors are represented by human agricultural activities. Several specimens of a narrow-leaved peony of pink colour and a big number of petals were planted on an experimental stretch of the botanical garden to continue the analysis ex-situ.

scholarly journals Significance of Horticultural Plants on Biodiversity Conservation

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 867C-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donglin Zhang ◽  
Hongwen Huang ◽  
Dongyan Hu*
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Horticultural Plants ◽  
Propagation Methods

Horticultural plants include fruit, vegetable, ornamental, turf, medicinal, beverage, spice, and other economic species. Although these plants originally derive from wild populations and play a vital role in our daily life, their importance on protecting biodiversity has not been addressed. With tremendous driving force of their monetary value, farmers, gardeners, breeders, and researchers have domesticated, selected, and bred many new horticultural crops, which ultimately increase biological diversity in cultivated plant communities. Both morphological and molecular data from 90 accessions of cultivated Cephalotaxus and 48 accessions of cultivated Chamaecyparis thyoides demonstrated their wide range of morphological differences and more than 43% of genetic dissimilarity coefficients. In US alone, one new cultivar of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum was released to the nursery industry every year since the first plant was introduced from Wuhan Botanical Garden in 1983. Obviously, human activities rapidly accelerate evolutions. To preserve and reproduce new and rare taxa, regeneration of these plants is challenging. Rooting of Magnolia grandiflora stem cuttings, overcoming Cephalotaxus seed dormancy, experimenting Pinus strobus embryogenesis, and overwintering Stewartia cuttings should be applied for reproduction studies of unusual horticultural clones. For plants that could not be regenerated with today's propagation methods, their seeds, tissues, pollen, and embryos should be preserved as some USDA labs do for heirloom horticultural crops. In the future, with aid of advanced science and technology, we should be able to regenerate those plants from preserved materials and increase biological diversity.

scholarly journals Florilegium of Fortunata Obrąpalska – iconography of biological diversity in natural phenomena

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kalinowska
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Great Sensitivity ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Special Collections ◽  
Natural Objects ◽  
Drawing Technique ◽  
Drawing Skills

Abstract Botanical drawings of Fortunata Obrąpalska are an unknown part of work of this eminent Polish artist photographer. In the special collections of the Library of Botanical Garden of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, there are 523 drawings of Fortunata Obrąpalska that she created in the years 1955-1983. The simple Bristol board ink drawing technique depicts in schematic, but at the same time perfect way, plants and natural phenomena like withering of underground plant organs, frost-damaged shoots or impact of wind on plants in coastal areas. The drawings are a proof of her excellent knowledge of natural objects, impressive drawing skills and imagination. They also show this artist’s great sensitivity to beauty.

scholarly journals CAATINGA DO CARIRI PARAIBANO

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Jakson Amâncio Alves
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Semi Arid

potencial de regeneração, porém, seus mecanismos de autodefesa tornam-se consideravelmente vulneráveis as condições que lhes são impostas. Os processos morfoclimáticos típicos do meio semi-árido, com suas estações contrastadas e as degradações antrópicas, são responsáveis por um dinamismo da vegetação em que a caatinga raquítica e rala representa um sub-clímax e a caatinga em fase de regeneração são disclimax antrópicos. A caatinga arbórea ou floresta seca seria, neste caso, o verdadeiro clímax mesmo atingido pelas ações antrópicas. A partir desse pressuposto objetivou-se nesse estudo estabelecer uma classificação provisória baseada na pressão antrópica e descrever fitogeograficamente a caatinga da região do Cariri Paraibano, onde apesar das características de pobreza do estrato herbáceo é rica em espécies e em biomassa. Também é importante considerar o processo de ocupação da região, os desmatamentos indiscriminados, associados à fragilidade natural desse ecossistema, que acarretaram sérias conseqüências para os geótopos e para as biocenoses, dentre estas a redução da diversidade biológica da vegetação nativa, produzindo uma diversidade de extratos, apresentada nesse trabalho como comunidade-tipo.Palavras–chaves: Vegetação Nativa; Fitogeografia; Comunidade-Tipo; Semi-Árido. ABSTRACT: The Caatinga biome is an ecosystem are adapted to extremely arid conditions, with a remarkable potential for regeneration, but its mechanisms of self-defense become far more vulnerable to conditions imposed on them. The typical morphoclimatic processes of the semi-arid environment, with its contrasting seasons and anthropogenic degradation, are responsible for the dynamism of vegetation in the Caatinga is a rickety thin sub-climax Caatinga in the process of regeneration is a anthropic disclimax. Tree caatinga or dry forest tree would, in this case, the true climax even reached by human actions. From this assumption objective of this study is to establish a provisional classification based on human disturbance, to describe the phytogeography of the Caatinga of Cariri of the Paraiba State (NW region of Brazil), where despite the poverty characteristics of the herb is rich in species and biomass. It is also important to consider the process of occupation of the region, the indiscriminate deforestation, coupled with the weakness of natural ecosystem, which led to serious consequences for geotope and the aquatic communities, among them the reduction of biological diversity of native vegetation, producing a variety of extracts, presented in this work as a community type.Keywords: Native Vegetation; Fitogeography; Community-Kind; Semi-Arid.

scholarly journals Artificially Created Objects of the Nature Reserve Fund Parks-Monuments of Landscape Gardening Art and their Representativenessin the Volyn Region

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Landscape Art ◽  
The Status ◽  
Reserve Fund ◽  
Epipactis Helleborine ◽  
The City ◽  
Landscape Gardening

Purpose. To give an objective assessment of the current ecological condition of artificially created objects of the nature reserve fund. Methods. Comparative-geographical, generalization, systematization, statistical, comparative-analytical, descriptive, cartographic. Results. Not all types of artificial objects of nature reserve fund of Volyn region are represented. There are 12 park-monuments of landscape art, 1 botanical garden, 1 zoo and no dendrological park. On the whole, the number of artificial objects of nature reserved fund in the region is the lowest in Ukraine. On the territory of the region there is an uneven distribution of artificial objects of the nature reserve fund. An analysis of the distribution of artificial objects of nature reserve fund by area revealed that the largest one is the park-monument of landscape art «Slovianskyy» (27,35 hectares). It is located in the Volodymyr-Volynskyy district. From 12 to 21,6 hectares of landscapes in Lutsk, Gorokhiv, Turiysk, Lyubeshiv and Kivertsy districts is occupied by the park- monuments of landscape art. In the Starovyzhivsky district, the area of park-monuments of landscape art is 2 hectares, while in other districts there are no areas for artificial objects of nature reserve fund. All artificial objects of nature reserve fund were created in 1960-1990. Only one park-monuments of landscape art was created in 2018. It is called «Sydorukiv Park» and is located in the city of Horokhiv. Most of the park-monuments of landscape art are located within settlements and only 2 parks are located in the territory of forestry. In total, more than 150 species of flora are protected in the territory of park-monuments of landscape art. Conclusion. As a result of the analysis, 3 species of flora were identified that grow on the territory of parks of monuments of landscape gardening art and are included in environmental lists (Epipactis helleborine, Syringa josikaea, Epipactis palustris). The most dangerous for them is tearing, digging, picking up bouquets, as well as a partial violation of the structure of ecotopes (deforestation, excessive recreation, etc.). It is proposed to strengthen the protection of these species by increasing the status of the nature conservation object and assigning them to the territories of the nature reserve fund - botanical nature reserve of local importance.

scholarly journals The Recreational Capacity of the Zones of the Ukrainian National Natural Parks

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Natural Parks ◽  
Recreational Services ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Natural Healing

Purpose. To determine the recreational capacity of the territories of several National Natural Parks (NNPs) of Ukraine, as well as the recreational capacity of the tourist trails of these parks. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is based on a critical analysis of the current approaches to the assessment of a recreational facilities of the Ukrainian NNPs. Various published data sources as well as the data, regarding to the recreational renewal capacity of the territories of the NNPs acquired during own research was used. Results. The area of the reserved core that is larger than a one third of the entire area of the park may be seen in only few parks. Most of the NPPs have an insufficient size of the protected areas. This indicate an unstable and severely disturbed ecological conditions, which threatens the conservation of the biological diversity in these parks. That’s why the increase of the protected areas of these NNPs is highly advisable. In addition to all above, the area of the NNP special use zone should be smaller than the area of the regulated recreational area, which plays a certain environmental role; it can be decreased in a favor of the stationary recreational zone if needed. Unfortunately, these conditions are not met for the most of the studied NPPs. That’s why it is advisable to optimize the functional zoning of the NNPs, which will effectively protect the unique natural complexes and will let use them for the recreational purposes. The capacity, the degree of the resistance to the recreational loads, the level of improvement and the capacity of the tourist routes in each of the spoken NNPs were analyzed. The main criteria for choosing the studied NNPs were their representativeness or representation in terms of a variety of the accommodating regions, the availability of the data based on the physical and geographical characteristics, the length of the tourist routes and the statistcs of the visitors per year. The recreational capacity for the summer season of some NPPs of Ukraine was calculated, while taking into account the standards for each type of the natural complex for the zones of stationary and regulated recreation. Potentially, these zones may be expanded replacing the parts of the reserved special use zone. An assessment of the capacity of some tourist trails of the barely improved NPPs for an unstable and stable category of natural landscape complexes was given. Conclusions. The recreational potential of the researched Ukrainian NPPs is currently underutilized, but with the increase in the flow of the recreants, the recreational areas that are poorly equipped as well as the trails may lead to a deterioration in the state of the natural ecosystems. The functional zones of the stationary and of the regulated parts of the recreational areas of the NNPs may be expanded by migrating some types of the recreational activities to the special use zone of the parks. It is vital to expand the list of the recreational services for recreants, to strive the level of improvement of the tourist trails of the NNPs. If the natural healing resources are present on the territories of the NNPs, it is advisable to organize some centers for the sanatorium treatment, medical and socio-psychological rehabilitation, which will contribute to the creation and an improvement of the medical and the health infrastructure, the activation of recreational activities and the increase in the efficiency of the functioning of the NNP.

THE CONCEPT OF BIOSPHERE RESERVES OF THE MAB PROGRAMME AND THE TASKS OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES 50 YEARS LATER

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. TISHKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Biosphere Reserves ◽  
National Network ◽  
The World ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Further Development

The article presents a critical analysis of the development of the MAB program in the Russian Federation, its contribution to the development of the national network of protected areas, biosphere background monitoring and biodiversity conservation (implementation of the Convention on biological diversity, CBD). The role and participation of individual representatives of Russian geography, biology and ecology in the implementation of the MAB program in relation to the tasks of monitoring, conservation of biodiversity and territorial nature protection in Russia, as well as the concept of biosphere reserves, their zoning system and the purpose of allocated functional zones are considered. The problems of further development of Russian biosphere reserves against the background of the changing ideology of conservation and nature protection in the world and in Russia are outlined.

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