scholarly journals Newcomb-Benford law analysis on COVID-19 daily infection cases and deaths in Indonesia and Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
Wei Kitt Wong ◽  
Filbert Hilman Juwono ◽  
Wan Ning Loh ◽  
Ik Ying Ngu
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Death Cases ◽  
Benford Law

Each country has been racing to contain the spread of COVID-19. The published data of daily infection and death cases can be used to measure the effectiveness of the control interventions. We focus our study in two Southeast Asia countries: Indonesia and Malaysia during period between March and November 2020. Newcomb-Benford law has been commonly used to analyze the probabilities of the first significant digits in natural occurrences since the late 19th century. It is a prominent statistical tool for its capability to detect frauds in datasets. A chi-squared test was recruited to quantify the closeness of the data and Newcomb-Benford law distributions. The results revealed that the distributions of daily infection and death cases in Indonesia followed Newcomb-Benford law while the opposite results were obtained for Malaysia. We have done the analysis of verifying the daily COVID-19 infection and death cases in Indonesia and Malaysia using Newcomb-Benford law. It can be inferred that, between March and November 2020, the control interventions in Indonesia was less effective compared to Malaysia.  

scholarly journals Newcomb-Benford Law Analysis on COVID-19 Daily Infection Cases and Deaths in Indonesia and Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Kitt Wong ◽  
Filbert Juwono ◽  
Wan Ning Loh ◽  
Ik Ying Ngu
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Death Cases ◽  
Benford Law

Abstract Aims: Each country has been racing to contain the spread of COVID-19. The published data of daily infection and death cases can be used to measure the effectiveness of the control interventions. We focus our study in two Southeast Asia countries: Indonesia and Malaysia during time period between March and November 2020.Methods: Newcomb-Benford law has been commonly used to analyze the probabilities of the first significant digits in natural occurrences since the late 19th century. It is a prominent statistical tool for its capability to detect frauds in data sets. A chi-squared test was recruited to quantify the closeness of the data and Newcomb-Benford law distributions.Results: The results revealed that the distributions of daily infection and death cases in Indonesia followed Newcomb-Benford law while the opposite results were obtained for Malaysia.Conclusion: We have done the analysis of verifying the daily COVID-19 infection and death cases in Indonesia and Malaysia using Newcomb-Benford law. It can be inferred that, between March and November 2020, the control interventions in Indonesia was less effective compared to Malaysia.

Modern Architecture in Southeast Asia, an Introduction. Asia, North-South-West-East

2017 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Setiadi Sopandi ◽  
Yoshiyuki Yamana ◽  
Johannes Widodo ◽  
Shin Muramatsu
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
South West ◽  
Asian Cities ◽  
The Future ◽  
Asian Economy

The Asian economy began to rebound in the early 2000s. Cities were, once again, expanding along with the population and industrialization. Architectural projects, after having halted for a few years, were coming back providing new opportunities for Asian practices. Sharing optimism as well as anxieties, Asian architects and scholars were looking forward to the future as well as once again taking a glimpse back at their recent architectural past, roughly from the late 19th century and throughout the 20th century. With this opportunity, they decided to take a moment to reflect on how Asian cities, landscapes, and their architectural heritage were shaped, altered, grown in the process of Asian societies embracing modernity.

scholarly journals Japanese commercial activities in French Indochina from the late 19th century to 1945

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 919-927
Author(s):  
Huynh Phuong Anh
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Japanese Military ◽  
Japanese Immigration ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Trade And Investment

From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, Japan promoted trade and investment in Southeast Asia, including French Indochina. As a subregion with an abundance of natural resources and potential consumption market, Indochina became an attractive destination for Japanese merchants and companies. The Japanese merchants moved into French Indochina from the end of the 19th century and the early 20th century together with the great surge of Japanese immigration to Southeast Asian countries since the end of the Meiji period. In the first phase, the number of Japanese merchants in Indochina was relatively small and mainly engaged in importing and exporting activities or grocery trading. In addition to merchants, Japanese economic zaibatsu and companies started to open representative offices or branches in Indochina such as Mitsui Bussan, Mitsubishi, Menka which focused on purchasing rice and coal. However, from the early 20th century to the late 1930s, commercial activities of Japanese merchants and companies in Indochina were restricted due to various reasons. From the late 1930s to the 1940s, along with Japanese commercial policy towards Southeast Asia, especially the entry of Japanese military into Indochina, the Japanese merchants and companies expanded their commercial activities in this region, through which the great impacts were put upon foreign trade activities in Indochina as well as the commercial relationship between Japan and Indochina.

scholarly journals Empat Manuskrip Alquran di Subang Jawa Barat (Studi Kodikologi Manuskrip Alquran)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jajang A. Rohmana
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
West Java

The article focuses on four qur’anic manuscripts in Subang, West Java. I will analyze the material aspect of the manuscripts and its writing styles, using the codicological approach. This study shows that three manuscripts used European paper and containing “Concordia” watermark which was produced around the late 19th century. These three manuscripts might be written later at the beginning of the twentieth century. Meanwhile, the last one who used bark paper of daluwang cannot be estimated its dating. The writing of four manuscripts used Naskhi style. There are also some errors in handwriting. Moreover, the manuscripts used rasm imla’i as same as classical mushaf in the archipelago. These manuscripts are different with palace manuscripts that generally used beauty illuminations and scribes. This study is not only critical to give another perspective on the spread of qur’anic manuscripts in Southeast Asia, particularly in West Java but also to strengthen the distinctive feature on material manuscripts, rasm, and illumination of qur’anic manuscripts in the Archipelago. These four qur’anic manuscripts show the importance of the role of the Qur’an in strengthening Islam in the society through the scribe of qur’anic manuscripts and its use in the learning of Islam.

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