scholarly journals Thermodynamic Analysis of Air-Blown Staged Gasification of Coal in a Flow

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
D. Svishchev
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
Gas Efficiency ◽  
The Cost

One of the ways to environmentally friendly use coal is an integrated gasification combined cycle. The most common oxidizing agent employed in gasification is oxygen. It is feasible to use air instead of oxygen to reduce the cost of generated electricity. The air gasification downsides can be reduced by using heated air and organizing a staged process. The paper is concerned with a thermodynamic analysis of the MHPS (Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems) air-blown staged gasifier. The analysis relies on an original approach that suggests investigating experimental data on a set of calculated ones. The experimental run nears the thermodynamic optimum, which coincides with the carbon boundary line. Cold gas efficiency can be increased from 78.6 to 81.5% by reducing the equivalence ratio. Thus, the temperature will decrease from 1 200 to 1 100 °C. The experimental run of the MHPS gasifier is not optimal thermodynamically, but it is probably optimal kinetically. The fact is that the rates of heterophase reactions decline near the carbon boundary, which leads to a sharp increase in fuel underburning and a decrease in efficiency. The experimental run is also located close to the region with the maximum thermal efficiency of the process, which is indicative of the high efficiency of converting air heat into chemical energy of producer gas.

Overview of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Fossil Energy Advanced Turbine Program for Coal Based Power Systems With Carbon Capture

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Dennis ◽  
Rundle Harp
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Fossil Energy Turbine Program is implementing a new research program to develop turbines for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) systems that capturer CO2. On September 8, 2005 the U.S. DOE Office of Fossil Energy announced a $130 million investment of government money in turbine related technology to promote the development of IGCC power systems that can capture CO2 and minimize the emissions of criteria pollutants. These funds will be matched at various levels by the industry partners. In part through this investment the FE Advanced Turbine Program is designed to attain three primary goals: 1) By 2010 develop advanced coal based power systems capable of 45–50% efficiency at < $1000 / kW, 2) By 2012, develop technologies for capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide that result in less than 10 percent increase in the cost of electricity and 3) By 2015 demonstrate coal based energy plants that offer zero emissions (including CO2) w/ multi product production. The program has an additional primary objective to provide turbine based technology for the FutureGen Project. To attain these goals the program is organized into four areas: H2 fueled turbines for IGCC and FutureGen applications, Oxy-fuel turbines for IGCC and FutureGen applications; MW-scale H2 fueled turbines and CO2 compression technology. The paper will report on the program goals, status of these new projects and early progress towards these goals and objectives.

Exergoeconomic analysis of renewable multi-generation system

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Vontas Alfenny Nahan ◽  
Audrius Bagdanavicius ◽  
Andrew McMullan
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
Exergoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Cost

In this study a new multi-generation system which generates power (electricity), thermal energy (heating and cooling) and ash for agricultural needs has been developed and analysed. The system consists of a Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (BIGCC) and an absorption chiller system. The system generates about 3.4 MW electricity, 4.9 MW of heat, 88 kW of cooling and 90 kg/h of ash. The multi-generation system has been modelled using Cycle Tempo and EES. Energy, exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of this system had been conducted and exergy costs have been calculated. The exergoeconomic study shows that gasifier, combustor, and Heat Recovery Steam Generator are the main components where the total cost rates are the highest. Exergoeconomic variables such as relative cost difference (r) and exergoeconomic factor (f) have also been calculated. Exergoeconomic factor of evaporator, combustor and condenser are 1.3%, 0.7% and 0.9%, respectively, which is considered very low, indicates that the capital cost rates are much lower than the exergy destruction cost rates. It implies that the improvement of these components could be achieved by increasing the capital investment. The exergy cost of electricity produced in the gas turbine and steam turbine is 0.1050 £/kWh and 0.1627 £/kWh, respectively. The cost of ash is 0.0031 £/kg. In some Asian countries, such as Indonesia, ash could be used as fertilizer for agriculture. Heat exergy cost is 0.0619 £/kWh for gasifier and 0.3972 £/kWh for condenser in the BIGCC system. In the AC system, the exergy cost of the heat in the condenser and absorber is about 0.2956 £/kWh and 0.5636 £/kWh, respectively. The exergy cost of cooling in the AC system is 0.4706 £/kWh. This study shows that exergoeconomic analysis is powerful tool for assessing the costs of products.

Design Criteria and Optimization of Heat Recovery Steam Cycles for High-Efficiency, Coal-Fired, Fischer-Tropsch Plants

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Martelli ◽  
Thomas G. Kreutz ◽  
Manuele Gatti ◽  
Paolo Chiesa ◽  
Stefano Consonni
Keyword(s):  
Heat Recovery ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Ft Synthesis ◽  
Optimization Methodology ◽  
Integrated Gasification

In this work, the “HRSC Optimizer”, a recently developed optimization methodology for the design of Heat Recovery Steam Cycles (HRSCs), Steam Generators (HRSGs) and boilers, is applied to the design of steam cycles for three interesting coal fired, gasification based, plants with CO2 capture: a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis process with high recycle fraction of the unconverted FT gases (CTL-RC-CCS), a FT synthesis process with once-through reactor (CTL-OT-CCS), and an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC-CCS) based on the same technologies. The analysis reveals that designing efficient HRSCs for the IGCC and the once-through FT plant is relatively straightforward, while designing the HRSC for plant CTL-RC-CCS is very challenging because the recoverable thermal power is concentrated at low temperatures (i.e., below 260 °C) and only a small fraction can be used to superheat steam. As a consequence of the improved heat integration, the electric efficiency of the three plants is increased by about 2 percentage points with respect to the solutions previously published.

scholarly journals Membrane separation of carbon dioxide in the integrated gasification combined cycle systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Kotowicz ◽  
Anna Skorek-osikowska ◽  
Katarzyna Janusz-szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Recovery Ratio ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Systems ◽  
Integrated Gasification

Membrane separation of carbon dioxide in the integrated gasification combined cycle systemsIntegrated gasification combined cycle systems (IGCC) are becoming more popular because of the characteristics, by which they are characterized, including low pollutants emissions, relatively high efficiency of electricity production and the ability to integrate the installation of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Currently, the most frequently used CO2capture technology in IGCC systems is based on the absorption process. This method causes a significant increase of the internal load and decreases the efficiency of the entire system. It is therefore necessary to look for new methods of carbon dioxide capture. The authors of the present paper propose the use of membrane separation. The paper reviews available membranes for use in IGCC systems, indicates, inter alia, possible places of their implementation in the system and the required operation parameters. Attention is drawn to the most important parameters of membranes (among other selectivity and permeability) influencing the cost and performance of the whole installation. Numerical model of a membrane was used, among others, to analyze the influence of the basic parameters of the selected membranes on the purity and recovery ratio of the obtained permeate, as well as to determine the energetic cost of the use of membranes for the CO2separation in IGCC systems. The calculations were made within the environment of the commercial package Aspen Plus. For the calculations both, membranes selective for carbon dioxide and membranes selective for hydrogen were used. Properly selected pressure before and after membrane module allowed for minimization of energy input on CCS installation assuring high purity and recovery ratio of separated gas.

Exergoeconomic Evaluation of a KRW-Based IGCC Power Plant

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tsatsaronis ◽  
L. Lin ◽  
T. Tawfik ◽  
D. T. Gallaspy
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Advanced Combustion ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
The Cost

In a study supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, several design configurations of Kellogg-Rust-Westinghouse (KRW)-based Integrated Gasification-Combined-Cycle (IGCC) power plants were developed. One of these configurations was analyzed from the exergoeconomic (thermoeconomic) viewpoint. This design configuration uses an air-blown KRW gasifier, hot gas cleanup, and two General Electric MS7001F advanced combustion turbines. Operation at three different gasification temperatures was considered. The detailed exergoeconomic evaluation identified several changes for improving the cost effectiveness of this IGCC design configuration. These changes include the following: decreasing the gasifier operating temperature, enhancing the high-pressure steam generation in the gasification island, improving the efficiency of the steam cycle, and redesigning the entire heat exchanger network. Based on the cost information supplied by the M. W. Kellogg Company, an attempt was made to calculate the economically optimal exergetic efficiency for some of the most important plant components.

The Environmental and Economic Impact of IGCC in China, With Comparison to Alternative Options

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zupan Hu ◽  
Joseph W. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Business As Usual

The goal of this study is to evaluate the economic and environmental performance of power plants based on integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology, and to compare it with currently relevant renewable and nuclear power generation options in China, until the year 2020. First, electricity demand is predicted, based on up-to-date policies made by Chinese government organizations. From this, a business as usual (BAU) study, in which coal-fired power plant technology is assumed to be unchanged from 2010 to 2020, is carried out as a reference. Different scenarios of IGCC technology adoption are then studied using a newly developed model, and the result show, for example, that there could be 10.05 billion tons of CO2 emission avoided from 2010 to 2020 if 50% of newly built coal-fired plants are based on IGCC technology with CO2 capture. When compared with other options, the cost of avoided CO2 emissions in this scenario is more expensive than hydroelectric, nuclear, and wind, but cheaper than solar (thermal and photovoltaic). The results also show that IGCC, although more expensive, could still be important in China’s coal-dominated electricity industry.

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