Efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaves powder on oviposition, hatchability of eggs and emergence of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab)on treated cowpea seeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
J. M. Adesina ◽  
L. A. Afolabi ◽  
A. T. Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Ondo State

The efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaf powder against Callosobruchusmaculatus (F) on cowpea treated seeds was evaluated under ambientcondition (32±0.64°C and 68±3% R.H.) at the laboratory of AgriculturalTechnology of Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo. C. maculatus was obtainedfrom Oja‐Oba market, Owo, Ondo State of Nigeria. The insects were rearedand bred in the laboratory. The cowpea seeds used for the bioassay werekept in the freezer for 15 days to eliminate infestation from the field. Theleaf powder was obtained after milling and four dosages of the powder (0.5,1.0, 1.5 and 2.0g) were separately admixed with 20g of cowpea in separatepetri dishes. Ten pairs of C. maculatus were introduced into each petri‐dish.Number of adult mortality, egg laid, percentage egg hatching, adultemergence and weight loss from each treatment were compared withcontrol treatment. It is concluded that the Senna occidentalis contains toxicproperties valuable for the control of C. maculatus.

scholarly journals Perforation index assessment of cowpea seeds against cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae], infestation using Piper guineense

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Luke Chinaru Nwosu ◽  
Abimbola Olagunju
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Seed Extracts

Abstract Background Powders and extracts of Piper guineense seeds and leaves were assessed for insecticidal activities against Callosobruchus maculatus in the laboratory at temperature and relative humidity of 29.6 °C and 75.9%, respectively. Bioactive compounds in P. guineense leaves and seeds were also investigated. The powders were tested at rates 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds while extracts were tested at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0%. Results Results of contact toxicity assay of the seed powder caused 100% adult mortality at 96 h post-treatment period whereas leaf powder evoked 90% adult mortality within the same period at concentration of 1.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds. Low adult emergence was observed on cowpea seeds treated with 1 g of seed powder with percentage adult emergence of 10.0% and inhibition rate (IR) of 97.5%. Beetle Perforation Index (BPI) obtained from treated cowpea seeds was significantly different (P < 0.05) from BPI of untreated seeds. Extracts of P. guineense seed were more toxic than seed powder. Piper guineense seed extract caused 87.5% adult mortality of C. maculatus while leaf extract caused 70.0% adult mortality within 24 h of infestation at concentration of 1%. Progeny development of C. maculatus was completely inhibited in cowpea treated with 2% and 3% leaf and seed extracts of P. guineense. β-Pinene was the most abundant active compound in P. guineense seed (55.6%) and leaf (48.4%). β-Phellandrene occurred 38.2% in seeds while Ocimene had the least value of 0.2% in seed and 0.5% in leaf. Conclusion The study showed that P. guineense seed powder and extracts were more effective than leaf powder and extract. Utilization of plant products as alternative to synthetic insecticides in protecting cowpea seeds against C. maculatus should be encouraged for enhanced food safety and security. Piper guineense is used as spice and medicine and interestingly safe for human use.

scholarly journals Comparative response of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Chysomelidae) to Momordica charantia and Acalypha wilkesiana powders in stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (Walp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
Oyewale Rufus Adeboye ◽  
Mercy Olayinka Oni ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Acalypha Wilkesiana

Post-harvest preservation of cowpea in developing countries has been a major challenge owing to Callosobruchus maculatus infestation. The study compares response of C. maculatus (F) to Momordica charantia and Acalypha wilkesiana powders in stored cowpea seeds under laboratory atmosphere. Five pairs of freshly emerged C. maculatus adults were introduced into Petri-dish containing 20 g of cowpea admixed with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 g of each plant powder, replicated thrice and arranged in a complete randomization design. Adult mortality was recorded at 24 h interval for 5 days, oviposition was recorded after 48 h. While newly emerged insects were recorded 30-35 days after infestation and weight loss was also determined. The treatments showed significant increase in C. maculatus adult mortality as the time of exposure and dosage increases, with highest values (90 and 100% for A. wilkesiana and M. charantia, respectively) at 120 h of exposure and 0.8 g dosage level. At 0.8 g, A. wilkesiana (66.3) and M. charantia (63.0) treated seeds recorded significantly lower number of eggs laid. Similar trend was equally observed for adult emergence and percentage weight loss. The study revealed that both plants had significant insecticidal effects and clearly showed that M. charantia was more effective than A. wilkesiana, but did not show higher significant differences in all the parameters assessed. This indicated that these plant powders have prospective to safeguard cowpea seeds in store from C. maculatus infestation and damage. Therefore, these plant should be included in the Integrated Pest Management Strategies for cowpea storage by small scale farmers.

scholarly journals Potentials of Cow Dung Ash as Protectants of Cowpea Seeds against Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p128
Author(s):  
Mohammed Suleiman ◽  
Fatima M. Haruna
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Different Doses

Experiments were conducted to assess the protectant ability of cow dung ash (CDA) to cowpea seeds against Callosobruchus maculatus F. under laboratory conditions of 50-65% R.H and 28-32oC. The CDA at different rates of 0.625, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00% (w/w) incorporated with cypermethrin powder at 0.625% were applied to 20 g of cowpea seeds in petri dishes. None of the ashes or cypermethrin was added to the control. Ten beetles were introduced into each of the petri dishes and covered with muslin cloth. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. Effects of the treatments on adult mortalities as well as median lethal dose (LD50) of CDA against C. maculatus were determined. Adult emergence and weight losses in seeds treated with CDA at different doses were assessed. Findings of the study revealed that the adult mortality of C. maculatus among different CDA treatments differed significantly (p < 0.05) and ranged from 13.33 to 100.00% 72 hours after treatment (HAT). Results of the study also showed that LD50 of CDA against C. maculatus at 24 hours after treatment (HAT) was 5.51 % (w/w). No adults emerged from the treated seeds and weight losses were observed in those treated with the lowest dose and the control only. Therefore, CDA could be utilized to protect cowpea seeds from C. maculatus infestations during storage.

scholarly journals Assessment of Insecticidal Properties of Products From Seeds of Carica papaya Against Callosobruchus Maculatus (Fabricius)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Joy Ejemen Idoko ◽  
Bukola Mary Atere ◽  
Raphael Abiodun Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Papaya Seed

Powder and ash of Carica papaya seed extracted from riped and unriped C. papaya fruits obtained from Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Akure were evaluated for their insecticidal potential against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) at application rates of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0g per 20g of cowpea seeds. The experiment was carried out at the pest management laboratory of the Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management under ambient laboratory conditions of 27±20C temperature and 70±5% relative humidity. Each treatment was infested with 5 pairs of C. maculatus. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with each treatment replicated three times. Mortality of cowpea beetles were assessed at 24, 48 and 72hours post treatment. Thereafter data were collected on oviposition, adult emergence, weevil perforation index and seed germination. The results obtained indicated that adult mortality of C. maculatus increased with increasing application rates of powders and ashes of ripe and unripe C. papaya seeds. 100% mortality was observed on cowpea seeds treated with powders and ashes of unripe C. papaya seed at 0.8 and 1.0g application rates at 72hours post treatment. Powders and ashes of unripe C. papaya seed significantly reduced the oviposition potential of adult C. maculatus and caused significant reduction of damaged seeds. Highest number of seeds that germinated was recorded on the seeds treated with powders and ashes of unripe C. papaya seed at 0.8 and 1.0g application rates.

scholarly journals Effects of interaction between cowpea variety and the application of plant powders on Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) infestation of stored cowpea seeds

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Owolabi Moshood Azeez ◽  
Adebola Adedoyin Osipitan ◽  
Isaac Oludayo Daniel ◽  
Olufemi Olutoyin Richard Pitan
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Seed Resistance ◽  
Cowpea Variety

An integrated pest management scheme involving seed resistance and the application of powder of Cymbopogon citratus, Alstonia boonei, Hyptis suaveolens, Azadirachta indica, Loranthus braunii and Lycopersicum esculentum as protectant against the seed bettle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius), was evaluated in the laboratory at ambient temperature (29±3°C) and relative humidity (65±5%). Six resistant cowpea accessions selected from previous studies were treated with the six plant powders at 1.25% w/w in a 6×7 factorial arrangement fitted into a completely randomized design with five replicates. Seed treatment with any of the six plant powders on six accessions resulted in significantly higher adult mortality, lower oviposition rate, adult emergence inhibition, lower seed damage and higher seed germination over the control, Protection ability of the plant powders was influenced by the cowpea accessions used.

Insecticidal effects of Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) essential oil on Callosobruchus maculatus [Coleoptera: Bruchidae]

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sékou Moussa Kéïta ◽  
Charles Vincent ◽  
Jean-Pierre Schmidt ◽  
John Thor Arnason
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Control Application ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lethal Doses

Analysis of Thuja occidentalis L. essential oil used for insect fumigation by phase gas chromatography revealed the presence of 22 compounds including α-thujone (49.64%), fenchone (14.06%), and β-thujone (8.98%). Fumigation of adult bruchids with the oil alone resulted in lethal doses (LD50) of 1.1, 0.7, 0.5 and 0.2 μL/insect after 3, 6, 9 and 12 h, respectively. When insects were treated with aromatized powder, significant differences were also found between treatments and control. Application of 100 mg of powder aromatized at 3 μL essential oil g–1 on bruchid pairs lead to 95% mortality of females and 100% of males with 0% of mortality in the control after 6 h exposure. Five days after their deposit, egg hatching was 1.2% (treated with kaolin powder aromatized with T. occidentalis essential oil), 41% (with kaolin alone) and 44% of eggs (control without kaolin). In the same experiment, adult emergence of 80% (in treatments with kaolin alone), 100% in control (without kaolin) and 0% (with kaolin aromatized with T. occidentalis essential oil) were recorded 30 d after treatment. Germination of cowpea seeds was not significantly affected by the treatments. Five days after sowing, germination was 88, 97 and 97%, respectively, when cowpea grains were treated and exposed, treated and unexposed, untreated and unexposed, respectively, while those untreated and exposed had 15% germination. Key words: Thuja occidentalis, Callosobruchus maculatus, essential oil, kaolin, fumigation, ethnobotany.

scholarly journals Peel and leaf powders of three fruits and a vegetable as promising botanicals against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrasak Musa ◽  
Samuel Adewale
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Insecticidal Activities

The aim of this study was to examine the insecticidal activities of powders of bitter leaf, cashew leaf, orange peel and pawpaw leaf against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). These were tested at 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% (w/w) for their insecticidal activities against the insect. Results showed that the ovicidal and adulticidal activities of the plant powders depended on dosages and exposure time. Mortalities of 16.28% and 18.75% were observed in bitter leaf powder applied at 7.5% (w/w) dosage within 24 and 48 hours post infestation (HPI), respectively. In grains treated with 7.5% orange peel powder, 12.50% and 16.28% mortalities were observed within 24 and 48 HPI, respectively. Each of bitter leaf and orange peel powders was significantly different (p<0.05) in causing adult mortality at the highest dosage compared with the control. Oviposition was inhibited at the highest dosage of the plant powders, but the percentage of oviposition in the lower dosages was three-fold lower than the control. The plant powders also significantly reduced progeny emergence and grain damaged by the beetle. No beetle emergence was recorded in grains treated with bitter leaf powder at 27 DPI. Adult beetles in grains treated with cashew and pawpaw leaf powders caused grain damage of 46.3-54.7% and 44.7-60.7%, respectively during the study period. There was a noteworthy decrease in insecticidal effects of the plant powders as indicated: bitter leaf > orange peel > cashew leaf > pawpaw leaf. It is recommended that incorporating these plant parts in pest management of stored products will guarantee user safety, reduce environmental pollution and suppress insect infestation.

scholarly journals Biopesticidal Management of Pulse Beetle (Callosobruchus Chinensis L) in Chickpea Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p184
Author(s):  
Md. Israfil Jahan ◽  
Masum Ahmad ◽  
Md. Sohanur Rahman ◽  
Fakhar Uddin Talukder
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Leaf Powder

The pesticidal efficacy of four locally available leaves of botanicals like neem (Azadirachta indica), datura (Datura stramonium),  marigold (Tagetes erecta) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) tablet powders was assessed on pulse bettle (Callosobruchus chinensis L) through adult mortality and emergence, oviposition performance, seed damage, weight loss and germination  of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). The above test biopesticides were tested at three different rates (0.5 g, 1.0 g and 1.50 g powder/kg of chickpea seeds). All the tested powder showed significant effect on the above parameters. The highest adult mortality was recorded when chickpea seeds were treated with datura leaf powder at 1.50 g/kg, whereas marigold showed the least effect on adult mortality. The powders used in the experiment effectively controlled oviposition and adult emergence of pulse beetle. The lowest number of adult emergence was obtained from chickpea seeds treated with datura leaf powder at 1.50 g/kg. The highest weight loss was observed in control seeds followed by marigold leaf powder 0.5 g/kg gram seeds. Datura leaf powder treated seeds showed the lowest seed weight loss followed by neem, garlic and marigold. Plant powders had profound effect on seed germination. The highest germination was observed in treated seed with datura leaf powder at 1.50 g/kg and the lowest germination in control seed followed by marigold leaf powder at 1.5 g/kg treated seeds. The pesticidal effect on oviposition, adult mortality, adult emergence, and seed weight loss was directly proportional to leaf powder rates.

scholarly journals Eugenia aromatica O. Berg and Afromomum melegueta K. Schum botanical entomocides as possible synergetic protectant against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricus) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) infestation on stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Yallappa Rajashekar
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Synergetic Effects ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Cowpea Seeds

Summary Introduction: Post-harvest protection of food grains against stored products insects’ infestation is a complementary means towards ensuring food security. Objective: Powders and extracts from Eugenia aromatica O. Berg and Aframomom melegueta K. Schum are to be evaluated for their synergetic effects on Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricus under laboratory conditions. Methods: The products were applied at rates of 1 g/20 g and 1% conc./20 g cowpea seeds respectively. Results: Findings show that E. aromatica products was more effective by evoking 100% mortality within 24 and 48 h, while synergetic effects of the two products evoked 100% mortality at 72 and 96 h. The survival of the bruchids treated with plant powder from eggs to adults indicated that, control had significant (p<0.05) progeny development (75.50%) in comparison with sole application of E. aromatica and combination with A. melegueta which recorded no progeny development. Conclusion: The study revealed that the plant products exerted toxicity effect against cowpea bruchid. Thus, they can be used to prevent egg hatching and thereby helping in the management of cowpea seeds.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Piper guineense Schumach. seed powder in the control of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) and on the nutritional and organoleptic characteristics of stored cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-140
Author(s):  
Frank O. Ojiako ◽  
Adeyinka A. Adesiyun ◽  
Gabriel O. Ihejirika ◽  
Sunday A. Dialoke
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Cowpea Bruchid

Abstract Brown pepper (Piper guineense) seed powder, used for culinary and medicinal purposes, was evaluated in the laboratory with a conventional storage chemical, actellic 2% dust (Pirimiphos-methyl), as standard, to protect stored cowpea against the cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus. Four rates of the seed powder were used (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 g/100 g seed with a control, 0.0 g) while actellic dust was applied at 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 g/100 g seed and 0.0 g/100 g seed as control. Data on percentage mortality, oviposition, adult emergence and seed damage were collected over a six-month period. Weevil perforation indexes (WPI) were estimated with the seed damage data. All data were analysed for variance at P≤0.05. Actellic dust at the lowest dose inflicted adult mortality (90 – 100%) in the first 48 h after treatment and prevented oviposition (95 – 100%) in the first five months of storage compared to the control. The highest rate of Piper guineense application caused mortality of up to 90.0% in 48 h, reduced oviposition (70 – 80%), decreased adult emergence (15.90 to 28.40 insects) as against the control (104.7 – 272.7 insects) and reduced seed damage by 80 % with a WPI of between 33.3 and 10.0 %. Proximate analysis and germination tests indicated that the treatment materials increased the moisture and crude fibre content, decreased crude protein content but had no significant effect on the viability of stored seeds. Organoleptic tests demonstrated that treatment materials had no significant negative effect on taste, odour, texture, appearance and overall acceptability of cooked cowpea seeds after six months of storage. It can be safely concluded that the powdered form of P. guineense seed at the highest doses (5.0 and 10.0 g) gave significant protection of cowpea seeds against the cowpea bruchid, which compared favourably with actellic dust when applied topically.

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