International Development Planning Review: Volume ahead-of-print

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (0) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Development Planning

The Development Advisory Team (DAT) Training Program at Iowa State University

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
D. Warren
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Project Design ◽  
State University ◽  
Iowa State University ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Consulting Firms ◽  
New Directions

Since 1973, The United States Agency for International Development's "New Directions" policies have required that international development projects be designed and evaluated from a more complex multidisciplinary format, adding social soundness analyses to problems of economic, financial, and technical analyses. Due to personnel constraints, USAID includes non-Agency persons on project design and evaluation teams. They frequently rely on international development consulting firms to identify and assemble the non-Agency members of these teams. More often than not the team members, assembled at short notice from different universities and agencies, have never met each other prior to the assignment, have had no previous experience in the country or region to be visited, may be unfamiliar with USAID procedures and expectations, and are anything but a "team." The different approaches of these "team" members to development planning, combined with different personalities and political ideologies, can be difficult constraints to overcome in short-term project design and evaluation assessments.

scholarly journals An exploratory factor analysis model for slum severity index in Mexico City

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debraj Roy ◽  
David Bernal ◽  
Michael Lees
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
International Development ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Factor Analysis Model

Today, over half of the world’s population lives in urban areas and it is projected that, by 2050, two out of three people will live in a city. This increased rural–urban migration, coupled with housing poverty, has led to the growth and formation of informal settlements, commonly known as slums. In Mexico, 25% of the urban population now live in informal settlements with varying degrees of deprivation. Although some informal neighbourhoods have contributed to the upward mobility of the inhabitants, the majority still lack basic services. Mexico City and the conurbation around it form a mega city of 21million people that has been growing in a manner qualified as ‘highly unproductive, (that) deepens inequality, raises pollution levels’ (available at:   https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/ex/sustainablecitiescollective/making-way-urban-reform-mexico/176466/ ) and contains the largest slum in the world: Neza-Chalco-Izta. Urban reforms are now aiming to improve the conditions in these slums and therefore it is very important to have reliable tools to measure the changes that are underway. In this paper, we use exploratory factor analysis to define an index of shelter deprivation in Mexico City, namely the Slum Severity Index (SSI), based on the UN-HABITAT’s definition of slum. We apply this novel approach to the Census survey of Mexico and measure the shelter deprivation levels of households from 1990 to 2010. The analysis highlights high variability in housing conditions within Mexico City. We find that the SSI decreased significantly between 1990 and 2000 as a result of several policy reforms but increased between 2000 and 2010. We also show correlations of the SSI with other social factors such as education, health and fertility. We present a validation of the SSI using Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features extracted from Very-High Resolution (VHR) remote-sensed satellite images. Finally, we show that the SSI can present a cardinally meaningful assessment of the extent of deprivation compared with a similar index defined by Connolly (Connolly P (2009) Observing the evolution of irregular settlements: Mexico city’s colonias populares, 1990 to 2005. International Development Planning Review 31: 1–35) that studies shelter deprivation in Mexico.

scholarly journals Health Planning in 1960s Africa: International Health Organisations and the Post-Colonial State

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Manton ◽  
Martin Gorsky
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
International Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
World Health ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Existing Structures

This article explores the programme of national health planning carried out in the 1960s in West and Central Africa by the World Health Organization (WHO), in collaboration with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Health plans were intended as integral aspects of economic development planning in five newly independent countries: Gabon, Liberia, Mali, Niger and Sierra Leone. We begin by showing that this episode is treated only superficially in the existing WHO historiography, then introduce some relevant critical literature on the history of development planning. Next we outline the context for health planning, noting: the opportunities which independence from colonial control offered to international development agencies; the WHO’s limited capacity in Africa; and its preliminary efforts to avoid imposing Western values or partisan views of health system organisation. Our analysis of the plans themselves suggests they lacked the necessary administrative and statistical capacity properly to gauge local needs, while the absence of significant financial resources meant that they proposed little more than augmentation of existing structures. By the late 1960s optimism gave way to disappointment as it became apparent that implementation had been minimal. We describe the ensuing conflict within WHO over programme evaluation and ongoing expenditure, which exposed differences of opinion between African and American officials over approaches to international health aid. We conclude with a discussion of how the plans set in train longer processes of development planning, and, perhaps less desirably, gave bureaucratic shape to the post-colonial state.

Population Control II: The Population Establishment Today

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsy Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Third World ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Population Policies ◽  
Common Purpose ◽  
Population Establishment ◽  
The Third World ◽  
National Governments

Although population assistance represents a relatively small share of official development assistance, it influences many other aspects of development planning. The organizations that comprise the population establishment have a common purpose—the reduction of population growth in the Third World—but they are not homogeneous and sometimes have conflicting goals and strategies. National governments, multilateral agencies, nongovernmental organizations, foundations, academic centers, and pressure groups all contribute to creating and sustaining what has become a virtual population control industry. Through scholarships, travel grants, awards, and favorable publicity, Third World elites have been encouraged to join the population establishment. The World Bank, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and the U.N. Fund for Population Activities have pursued explicit strategies for pressuring Third World governments to design and implement population policies, most recently in Africa.

For the sustainability of the forests, the tigers and the tribals: Royal Bank of Scotland in the Kanha-Pench corridor, India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vineeta Dutta Roy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
International Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Social

Theoretical basis Poverty, business strategy and sustainable development. International development planning and poverty alleviation strategies have moved beyond centralised, top-down approaches and now emphasise decentralised, community-based approaches that incorporate actors from the community, government, non-governmental agencies and business. Collective action by Bottom of the Pyramid residents gives them greater control in self-managing environmental commons and addressing the problems of environmental degradation. Co-creation and engaging in deep dialogue with stakeholders offer significant potential for launching new businesses and generating mutual value. The case study rests on the tenets of corporate social responsibility. It serves as an example of corporate best practice towards ensuring environmental sustainability and community engagement for providing livelihood support and well-being. It illustrates the tool kit of building community-based adaptive capacities against climate change. Research methodology The field-based case study was prepared from inputs received from detailed interviews of company functionaries. Company documents are shared by the company and used with their permission. Secondary data accessed from newspapers, journal articles available online and information from the company website. Case overview/synopsis The case study is about the coming together of several important agencies working in the areas of forest and wildlife conservation, climate change adaptive planning for ecosystems and communities, social upliftment and corporate social responsibility in the Kanha Pench landscape of Madhya Pradesh in Central India. The challenges are many. For one, the landscape is a rapidly degrading one, if interventions for its revival are not put in place soon enough, it may not only jeopardise the survival of its human inhabitants, which are already living here in poverty, but it will extinguish the chances of the long-term sustainability of the species of tigers living in the protected tiger reserves of Kanha and Pench. Complexity academic level The case study would be helpful for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying sustainability and corporate social responsibility.

Development and Anthropology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riall W. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Development ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Wicked Problem ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Normal Means ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Democratic Control ◽  
Power And Agency

International development is one of humanity’s most important global undertakings, but it is also a “wicked problem” characterized by uncertain and shifting priorities, disagreements, and unexpected outcomes. Created during and in the aftermath of World War II, the development industry of the early 21st century is large, complex, and highly influential. It is also relatively opaque to outsiders and largely independent of normal means of democratic control. Anthropology has been involved in development from colonial times, but particularly so since the 1950s, and anthropologist practitioners have made several important contributions to development planning and implementation. The discipline’s influence overall, however, has been overshadowed to a large degree by other disciplines, such as economics, which still remains dominant in the industry. Anthropological influence has waxed and waned over the years, both as a response to development policies and priorities, and as a response to changes within the discipline itself. Anthropological analyses of development, as well as detailed development ethnographies, have helped people inside and outside the industry understand why and how development efforts succeed and fail, and indeed, how to define success and failure in the first place. At the same time, anthropologists have enhanced our appreciation of the role of language, power, and agency in the development process. In the future, anthropology is likely to become more important and influential in development work, given the growth of disciplinary trends favoring practice and application and renewed focus within the development industry on poverty eradication.

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