Origins and Early Years of the Volozhin Yeshiva

2012 ◽  
pp. 15-47
Author(s):  
Shaul Stampfer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Jewish Learning

This chapter takes a look at how the small town of Volozhin became one of the focal points of the Lithuanian Jewish world because of the yeshiva that was established there. The yeshiva of Volozhin represented a novel type of relationship between the Jewish community and Jewish learning: for most of the nineteenth century the Volozhin yeshiva was the most important institution of Jewish learning in all of eastern Europe, and ultimately it served as a model for the rest of European Jewry. The heads of the yeshiva were regarded as leaders of the Jewish community in the Russian Empire and beyond; thousands of young men studied there, many of whom went on to have a significant impact on the Jewish world. Patterns that were set in Volozhin are essentially maintained in yeshivas around the world till today. There are many curious myths about Volozhin, but the reality was even more interesting. A careful look at the history of the yeshiva reveals not only the yeshiva itself but how a society can change in ways that few could have predicted.

Dialect Joke Books and Russian–Yiddish and English–Yiddish Dictionaries

2019 ◽  
pp. 277-297
Author(s):  
Gabriella Safran
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Publishing History ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Book Prices ◽  
Printing Techniques

Safran examines the nineteenth-century publishing history of Jewish dialect joke books and Yiddish dictionaries and the generic links between dictionaries and joke books in Russian–Yiddish and English–Yiddish cases. In the 1870s in the Russian Empire and in the 1890s in the United States, Jewish speech style (Jewish Russian and Jewish English) was enregistered; that is, the concepts of ‘Jews’ and ‘Jewish speech’ took on new meanings. This was reflected in both dictionaries and joke books that, at least in some cases, were intended to teach their readers to be humorous as well as knowledgeable. These texts demonstrate the tension between dialect humour that is derogatory and that which embraces its subject; beyond this dichotomy, Safran argues that the confluence of Yiddish lexicography and Jewish dialect humour in the Russian Empire and the United States also reflected the marketing of distinctive spoken language by publishers for general readers. As Safran shows, the commodification of dialect humour and low-status spoken languages was facilitated by a nineteenth-century publishing boom fostered by cheap machine-made paper, fast printing techniques, the rise of literacy, the decline of book prices, the increase in railroad journeying, and the concomitant demand for portable entertainment.

Prince Adam Czartoryski as a liminal figure in the development of modern nationalism in Eastern Europe at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-669
Author(s):  
Paul Brykczynski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

In Polish history, Prince Adam Czartoryski is almost universally regarded as one of the most important Polish statesmen and patriots of the first half of the nineteenth century. In Russian history, on the other hand, he is remembered chiefly as the Foreign Minister of the Russian Empire, and a close personal friend of Tsar Alexander I. How did Czartoryski reconcile his commitment to the Polish nation with his service to the Russian Empire (a state which occupied most of Poland)? This paper will attempt to place Prince Adam's friendship with Alexander, and his service to Imperial Russia, in the broader context of national identity formation in early nineteenth-century eastern Europe. It will be argued that the idea of finding a workable relationship between Poland and Russia, even within the framework of a single state for a “Slavic nation,” was an important and forgotten feature of Polish political thought at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. By answering the question of precisely how Czartoryski was able to negotiate between the identities of a “Polish patriot” and “Russian statesman,” the paper will shed light on the broader development of national identity in early nineteenth-century Poland and Russia.

The History of Cuba and its Interpreters, 1898-1935

1993 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresita Yglesia Martínez ◽  
Néstor Capote
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Spanish Colonialism ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Transition

The final years of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth signified a time in which the Cuban people adjusted to a reality for which they were not fully prepared. The world created by centuries of Spanish colonialism crumbled in a spectacular and miserable manner, leaving in its wake a country desolated by war and famine. On January 1, 1899, the Spanish flag was lowered from El Morro in Havana and replaced with the flag of the United States. During this politico-military transition from Spanish rule to U.S. occupation, the defenders of independentismo and Cuba Libre were ignored and humiliated.

Between Marginalization, Demonization, and Nostalgia

2005 ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Marcin Wodziński
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
East European ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
General Studies

This concluding chapter explains that the development of the attitude of the Haskalah to hasidism in the Congress Kingdom is important to understanding the history of Jewish society, not only in this part of Poland but in the whole of eastern Europe. The example of the Kingdom of Poland demonstrates that the struggle with the hasidic movement was not an obsession inherent to the entire east European Haskalah and an essential element of its ideology, but rather that it was the result of a confluence of many factors of an ideological and social, internal and external, nature. The breakthrough in attitudes towards hasidism associated with Eliezer Zweifel's views advocating reconciliation with the hasidic movement gains a completely new meaning in the context of similar declarations by Polish integrationists in the early 1860s. However, the significance of this breakthrough lies not so much in where it first occurred historically as in its usefulness as an analogy from which to draw lessons about the wider process taking place in modernizing Jewish circles in the Russian empire and the Kingdom of Poland. The similarities and differences in attitudes towards hasidism may be treated as a convenient starting point for more general studies of the Haskalah and hasidism in eastern Europe, the factors shaping them, and the characteristics that resulted from them. The chapter then summarises this book's findings.

The National Question as Covered in “Lithuanian Diocesan Bulletin” in 1860 – 1890 Years*

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 206-219
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early Years ◽  
North West ◽  
Public Issues ◽  
Nationalist Discourse ◽  
The North ◽  
National Question ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
North West Territories

In 1893 polemics unfolded on the pages of “Russkoe Obozrenie” (“Russian Review”) conservative journal related to the problem of russification of the North-West territories of the Russian Empire. Committed to clerical traditionalism, Father Joseph (Fudel) condemned the politics of administrative russification of the region, comparing the priests of “militant” type to Father John of Kronstadt. Meanwhile, when one refers to the history of “russification” of the Western territory of in the 1860s, it becomes obvious that the process didn’t have exclusively the bureaucratic nature. The “Vilno Consensus” was part of the post-reform social upsurge, and the clergy could not stay away from it. The complexity of church-public issues in the region was reflected on the pages of regional periodicals, including church ones. Founded in Vilno in 1863, the “Litovskie Eparchialniye Vedomosti” bulletin in the early years strictly adhered to the “system” of M.N. Muraviev and fully complied with the nationalist discourse of the time. Still later they published materials condemning the “extremes” of Vilno “russification group”. In the early 1880s the national pathos of the bulletin intensified - and acquired bureaucratic nuances.

scholarly journals Gustav Mannerheim in the XXI Century Studies (on a New Book by Henrik Meinander)

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Natalia Plevako ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Political Figure

The article-review is an analysis of the book by a major Finnish researcher H. Meinander about the life and work of the most prominent military and political figure of Finland, Gustav Mannerheim. Following the author, the reviewer goes through the milestones of Mannerheim's life, analyzing both the convincing and the controversial statements of the historian. The book is written on the basis of various sources and contains polemics with other authors who were engaged in the same subject. The author strove for objectivity, neither embellishing the thoughts and actions of his hero, nor detracting from their meaning and significance, and in many ways achieved his goal. The monograph is divided into chapters that characterize particular periods in Mannerheim's life and consist of separate thematic sections-essays. The result is a dynamically developing picture of the formation of the hero's personality against the background of the most important events in the history of the world, Finland and Russia. The author traces how one of the most important European politicians, who has learned the contradictory experience of the history of the twentieth century, grows out of an aristocrat and a dandy officer. Central to the narrative is the theme "Mannerheim and Russia". Conscientious military service in the Russian Empire, the struggle with Soviet Russia, and, finally, the realization of the need to look for ways to form peaceful relations with a powerful neighbor - this is the evolution of Mannerheim's attitude to our country. A lot of space is also devoted to the problem of Finland's relations with other countries – Sweden, Germany and the United Kingdom. "The lessons of Mannerheim", as they are presented in the book, will be useful for the current and future generations of Finnish and Russian political scientists and political practitioners.

scholarly journals Эпидемии натуральной оспы в Северо-Восточной Сибири и первые попытки ее профилактики

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Валериан Николаев
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
European Part ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Northeastern Siberia ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Folk Remedies ◽  
The Russian Empire

Smallpox is one of the most dangerous human infectious diseases in the world, which claimed an estimated half a billion lives [1]. Smallpox reached the territory of Northeastern Siberia in the middle of the 17th century. It was spread by people from the European part of the Russian Empire. The devastating epidemics of smallpox led to the verge of extinction of entire tribal communities and small ethnic groups, especially in the Arctic. The article analyzes literary and archival materials on the history of smallpox and folk remedies used for the prevention of smallpox in the territory of Northeastern Siberia, particularly in Yakutia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document