scholarly journals A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND INFLUENCE OF THE UNITÉ D'HABITATION, MARSEILLES, FRANCE

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Millais
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Mass Housing ◽  
Urban Impacts ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Design Construction

The Unité d'Habitation is a seventeen-storey apartment block built between 1947 and 1952 in Marseilles, France. Today the construction of such a building, in almost any part of the world, would hardly be newsworthy; however the construction of the Unité d'Habitation not only attracted global interest at the time, but it can also be seen as one of the most influential buildings of the twentieth century. This was for a number of reasons. The architect was Charles-Edouard Jeanneret-Gris who, better known as Le Corbusier for most of his adult life, was probably the most influential architect of the twentieth century. The building, in many ways, initiated the hegemony of Modern Movement architecture throughout the world. But, perhaps most importantly, it was seen by much of the architectural profession as a prototype for how people should be housed in the future – with consequential major social, environmental and urban impacts. This paper examines the background of the design and describes the construction in detail. It also comments critically on the building's suitability as a model for mass housing, revealing the extent of its various functional failings that have not, as far as the author is aware, previously been exposed.

scholarly journals EXPECTATION AND FEAR: PHILOSOPHICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL PRESAGES OF RUSSIAN TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanjana S. Zlotnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Artistic Creativity ◽  
Revolutionary Era ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face ◽  
Coming Crisis ◽  
Existential Issues

The article raises the question of foreseeing moral and intellectual, aesthetic and political collisions that could occur after the expected changes at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries. The philosophical and anthropological paradigm of the pre-revolutionary era is defined through metaphors and concepts that attracted the attention of Russian philosophers, representatives of the sphere of artistic creativity: «expectation» (of changes, new people and phenomena) and «fear» (of changes, the unknown). For the analysis, we selected the judgments of prominent philosophers who discovered existential issues and related existential problems of the transition era for their contemporaries: V. Solovyov, V. Rozanov and N. Berdyaev. In V. Solovyov, the problem of waiting is related to the loneliness of a person in the face of global discord. Attention is drawn to the concept of «symptom of the end», to the concepts of crisis and disaster. Loneliness is experienced by the intellectual in anticipation of changes, possibly destructive, so the expectation as a context of loneliness turns into horror. V. Rozanov emphasized the tendency to distance himself from the world, Europe, contemporaries and classics in Russia. In Rozanov's philosophical and journalistic works, the future is not discussed at all because it is impossible to construct it; the past, which might have been the refuge of ideas about the harmony and dignity of life, causes the philosopher's attitude is sometimes even more negative than the present. On the example of the great creators – A. Chekhov, V. Meyerhold, V. Komissarzhevskaya and other contemporaries of N. Berdyaev, the psychoemotional tension from the coming crisis, the horror in anticipation of the coming future is shown. Berdyaev organically raises the question of the border between longing and other conditions (boredom, horror, a sense of emptiness), and the border is existential.

scholarly journals Sociology of ecumenism: non-theological factors of emergence and development of ecumenical relations

2008 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Oleh S. Kyselov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
World Community ◽  
Religious Dialogue ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Comprehensive Study ◽  
Christian History

Characteristic features of Christianity of the twentieth century were the consolidation of his denominations around social problems and holding inter-Christian theological and missionary conferences. These components of Christian history of the last century are connected with ecumenism. Ecumenism, in turn, influenced the initiation of a dialogue between Christianity and other religions, most notably Judaism and Islam. Thus, a comprehensive study of ecumenism will not only enable us to better understand contemporary Christianity and try to predict further ways of its development, but also on the basis of it to understand the inter-religious dialogue, which largely depends on the future of the world community.

scholarly journals *Light: Medicine of the Future – Jacob Liberman OD, PhD *Body-Centered Psychotherapy: The Hakomi Method – Ron Kurtz *A Core Library on Yoga – James Royster *Runner's Yoga Book – Jean Couch *Basic Yoga – Felicity Green *About the Authors

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Willow Rain ◽  
Donna Martin ◽  
James Royster ◽  
Judith Lasater ◽  
Laureen Mac Leod
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Therapeutic System ◽  
Green Is ◽  
Ken Wilber ◽  
Back Cover ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Twentieth Century America

*Chopra's presentation of the body-mind connection provides a context for examining the work of Jacob Liberman, O.D., Ph.D., who has pioneered the application of light and color to healing imbalances in the bodymind. *The Hakomi method offers a therapeutic system which is a synthesis of other approaches including Gestalt, Bioenergetics, Feldenkrais, Reichian work and NLP. Swami Ajaya, in his comment on the back cover of the book, calls it a 'breakthrough in integrating principles of mediation and holism into psychotherapy." *These three books by Georg Feuersteinnn—who has been described by Ken Wilber as "a scholar-practitioner of the first magnitude"—constitute a core library on yoga (and more broadly on Hinduism) that will serve most people comprehensively. The author has been studying and practicing yoga for over 25 years. In these three books we find a scholarly grasp of the facts combined with experiential insight. *When I was asked to review this book, I wondered why the world needed yet another book about Yoga. As it turn-ed out, I need not have worried at all. Rodmell Press and author Jean Couch have produced an accessible, helpful and straight forward book about Yoga in twentieth century America. *It was obvious as I watched this video that Felicity Green is comfortable in her role as teacher in the Iyengar Yoga tradition. She creates an instructive classroom setting with three students, each at a different level of practice (beginning, intermediate and advanced levels), as she guides the viewer through common corrections focusing on basic problems encountered in twelve fundamental asanas.

Caring for the World

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 164-185
Author(s):  
Vincent Blok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Will ◽  
The One

In the twentieth century, the concept of the will appears in bad daylight. Martin Heideg-ger for instance criticizes the will as a movement of reducing otherness to sameness, dif-ference to identity. Since his diagnosis of the will, the releasement from a wilful manner of thinking and the exploration of the possibility of non-willing has become a prevalent issue in contemporary philosophy. This article questions whether this quietism is still possible in our times, were we are confronted with climate change and the future of mankind is fundamentally threatened. On the one hand, the human will to 'master‘ and 'exploit‘ the natural world can be seen as the root of the ecological crisis, as Heidegger observed. On the other hand, its current urgency forces us to evaluate the releasement of the will in contemporary philosophy. Because also Heidegger himself attempted to develop a proper concept of the will in the onset of the thirties, we start our inquiry with Heidegger‘s phenomenology of the will in the thirties. Although Heidegger was very critical about the concept of the will later on, we are not inclined to reject the concept of the will as he did eventually. In this article we show that Heidegger's criticism of the will is not phenomenologically motivated, and we will develop a proper post-Heideggerian concept of willing. Finally the question will be answerd whether this proper concept of willing can help us to find a solution for the ecological crisis.

Corporate Starchitects and Unique Icons

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Sklair
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Frank Lloyd Wright ◽  
Leon Battista Alberti ◽  
Global System ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Aesthetic Practice ◽  
Cultural Historian ◽  
Institutional Legacies

Although some find it unpleasant and others find it flippant, the term ‘starchitect’ is theoretically useful for the sociology of architecture. It connects the world of the architect with the world of celebrity, and it con­nects architecture as an esoteric aesthetic practice with architecture as an industry in the public eye. Over the last few years, the term has become well established in the mass media and in trade publications, and it is also, slowly, starting to be taken seriously by scholars in and around architecture (e.g., McNeill 2009, Ponzini and Nastasi 2011; Knox 2012; Gravari-Barbas and Renard-Delautre 2015). The quest for fame, of course, is not new. Leon Battista Alberti, universal man, prodigious self-promoter of the early renaissance, and still an architectural notable, wrote an allegorical play on fame in the 1440s, recently reprinted (Alberti 1987). Neither Frank Lloyd Wright (1869–1959) nor Le Corbusier (1887–1965, Corb) shunned public­ity; both were what we would now call celebrities. Their rivalry is well documented, mostly in arguments around different conceptions of modernism—they never met. Noting that Wright called the Villa Savoye, one of Corb’s most celebrated buildings, ‘a box on stilts’, the cultural historian Nicholas Cox Weber, in his life of Corb, comments: ‘Today, it is an icon of twentieth-century design and has spawned countless imitations all over the world’ (2008: 288; see also Etlin 1994). Wright and Corb died around the time capitalist globalization was beginning to establish itself as a truly global system, and their own lives contained significant measures of socially produced iconicity. Although these terms were not used about them during their lifetimes, they can be considered proto-global and proto-iconic architects, by which I mean that the terms ‘global’ and ‘iconic’ are fruitfully employed today about them and their surviving architectural works. So, before considering the starchitects of our time, it is instructive first of all to delve briefly into the careers of these two most iconic architects of the first half of the 20th century. Wright and Corb both enjoy institutional legacies and continue to have plenty of enthusiasts.

scholarly journals Girls’ Gymnastics in the Service of the Nation: Educationalisation, Gender and Swedish Gymnastics in the Mid-Nineteenth Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-69
Author(s):  
Johannes Westberg
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Gender

In the nineteenth and early twentieth century, Swedish gymnastics won a large following across the world. Employing the concepts of educationalisation and gender, I will explore how the physical education of girls was conceptualised and justified in the Swedish system during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Focusing on the publications of Anton Santesson (1825–1892), who was one of the main authors on girls’ gymnastics in Sweden, I will show how girls’ gymnastics was conceptualised as a response to a social, cultural and physical crisis, which was perceived as partly stemming from the detrimental effects of education on girls’ bodies and minds. Girls’ gymnastics was thus construed as vital to the future of the Swedish nation. While men and manliness remained fundamental to the strength of the nation, girls’ gymnastics was vital to women’s rearing of boys and thus instrumental to the development of masculinity in men.

scholarly journals THROUGH THE PAST INTO THE FUTURE: JEAN-FRANÇOIS BILL – PASTOR, ACTIVIST, THEOLOGIAN 8 JULY 1934 – 12 MARCH 2005

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
Graham Duncan ◽  
Tinyiko Sam Maluleke
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Theological Education ◽  
Academic Ability ◽  
Church Leader ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Constructive Engagement

Jean- François Bill was a significant church leader of the second half of the twentieth century. He was born, raised and educated in South Africa, and he lived, worked and died in South Africa. He possessed a multi-cultural identity. He had a rare academic ability but was no academic recluse. His varied and intensive ministry was marked by committed, responsible, constructive engagement. He was a convinced yet reasonable ecumenist with a powerful social conscience who offered a great deal to the field of theological education. He had a vision of a responsible church which was responsible in a practical way by working through the live issues of the day.This would be a church which would strive for authentic unity and be the leaven in the lump of the world.

scholarly journals The Tropical Rain Forest: An Ecological Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Jiro Kikkawa ◽  
Len Webb
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Tropical Lowlands

This long-awaited book would seem to mark the end of classical tropical botany and phytogeography as subjects for scholarly pursuits. Since the middle of the century, when the first edition of The Tropical Rain Forest appeared, the wet tropical lowlands of the world have become an industrial battleground and, today at the end of the "Second Millennium", the future of the remaining rainforests that have evolved over millions of years looks bleak. Indeed, the book may well become "a record of what the rainforest was like in the twentieth century", as stated on its first page. This elegiac declaration not only reflects world concern about its pending extinction, but also Professor Richards' increasingly personal involvement with rainforest conservation in his later years.

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