scholarly journals Effectiveness of palivizumab immunoprophylaxis in infants with respiratory syncytial virus disease in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1708-1713
Author(s):  
Juan Gabriel Piñeros ◽  
Jose De la Hoz-Valle ◽  
Clara Galvis ◽  
Astrid Celis ◽  
Oscar Ovalle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Childhood Infections ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important childhood infections. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of palivizumab immunoprophylaxis in preterm infants at a high risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection during the RSV season in Colombia. Methodology: A prospective observational non-comparative multicenter study in six Colombian cities. At the beginning of the RSV infection season, palivizumab prophylaxis, up to five doses, was administered to infants born at ≤32 weeks of gestation, infants younger than six months, infants under one year of age with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), infants one year or less of age with hemodynamically significant acyanotic and non-acyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD), and with follow-up during the immunoprophylaxis until one month after the last dose. Results: The study enrolled 600 patients, 91.8% of which were born at ≤ 32 weeks of gestation. BPD was observed in 54.9% of infants. 49% were born at < 32 weeks gestation and presented BPD. 6.9% had hemodynamically significant acyanotic and non-acyanotic CHD 53.3% received three or more doses of palivizumab. The mean interval between doses was 39.6 days. 1.8% of patients were hospitalized due to a confirmed RSV infection. Overall mortality was 1.2%, whereas the mortality by RSV in infants undergoing prophylaxis was 0.2%. Conclusions: Palivizumab was a clinically effective, well-tolerated treatment in the Colombian population. The safety profile of palivizumab reflects the findings from previous studies in developed countries.

scholarly journals Fcγ Receptor IIa (FCGR2A) Polymorphism Is Associated With Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease in Argentinian Infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Pía Holgado ◽  
Silvina Raiden ◽  
Inés Sananez ◽  
Vanesa Seery ◽  
Leonardo De Lillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fcγ Receptor ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Severe Group ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundMost patients with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection requiring hospitalization have no risk factors for severe disease. Genetic variation in the receptor for the Fc portion of IgG (FcγR) determines their affinity for IgG subclasses driving innate and adaptive antiviral immunity. We investigated the relationship between FcγRIIa-H131R polymorphism and RSV disease.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 182 infants ≤24-month-old (50 uninfected, 114 RSV-infected with moderate course and 18 suffering severe disease). FcγRIIa-H131R SNP genotypic frequencies (HH, HR, RR) and anti-RSV IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 levels were studied.ResultsGenotypic frequencies for FcγRIIa-H131R SNP were comparable between uninfected and RSV-infected infants. In contrast, we found a significant higher frequency of HH genotype in severe RSV-infected children compared to moderate patients. Among severe group, HH infants presented more factors associated to severity than HR or RR patients did. Furthermore, compared to moderate RSV-infected infants, severe patients showed higher levels of anti-RSV IgG1 and IgG3.ConclusionsWe found an association between an FcγRIIa (H131) polymorphism and severe RSV disease, which points towards a critical role for interactions between FcγRs and immune complexes in RSV pathogenesis. This genetic factor could also predict the worse outcome and identify those infants at risk during hospitalization.

Immune profiles provide insights into respiratory syncytial virus disease severity in young children

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (540) ◽  
pp. eaaw0268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santtu Heinonen ◽  
Victoria M. Velazquez ◽  
Fang Ye ◽  
Sara Mertz ◽  
Santiago Acero-Bedoya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with major morbidity in infants, although most cases result in mild disease. The pathogenesis of the disease is incompletely understood, especially the determining factors of disease severity. A better characterization of these factors may help with development of RSV vaccines and antivirals. Hence, identification of a “safe and protective” immunoprofile induced by natural RSV infection could be used as a as a surrogate of ideal vaccine-elicited responses in future clinical trials. In this study, we integrated blood transcriptional and cell immune profiling, RSV loads, and clinical data to identify factors associated with a mild disease phenotype in a cohort of 190 children <2 years of age. Children with mild disease (outpatients) showed higher RSV loads, greater induction of interferon (IFN) and plasma cell genes, and decreased expression of inflammation and neutrophil genes versus children with severe disease (inpatients). Additionally, only infants with severe disease had increased numbers of HLA-DRlow monocytes, not present in outpatients. Multivariable analyses confirmed that IFN overexpression was associated with decreased odds of hospitalization, whereas increased numbers of HLA-DRlow monocytes were associated with increased risk of hospitalization. These findings suggest that robust innate immune responses are associated with mild RSV infection in infants.

scholarly journals Brief History and Characterization of Enhanced Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio L. Acosta ◽  
Mauricio T. Caballero ◽  
Fernando P. Polack
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Complex Deposition

ABSTRACTIn 1967, infants and toddlers immunized with a formalin-inactivated vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) experienced an enhanced form of RSV disease characterized by high fever, bronchopneumonia, and wheezing when they became infected with wild-type virus in the community. Hospitalizations were frequent, and two immunized toddlers died upon infection with wild-type RSV. The enhanced disease was initially characterized as a “peribronchiolar monocytic infiltration with some excess in eosinophils.” Decades of research defined enhanced RSV disease (ERD) as the result of immunization with antigens not processed in the cytoplasm, resulting in a nonprotective antibody response and CD4+T helper priming in the absence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This response to vaccination led to a pathogenic Th2 memory response with eosinophil and immune complex deposition in the lungs after RSV infection. In recent years, the field of RSV experienced significant changes. Numerous vaccine candidates with novel designs and formulations are approaching clinical trials, defying our previous understanding of favorable parameters for ERD. This review provides a succinct analysis of these parameters and explores criteria for assessing the risk of ERD in new vaccine candidates.

scholarly journals Recurrent Wheezing and Asthma After Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunlian Zhou ◽  
Lin Tong ◽  
Mengyao Li ◽  
Yingshuo Wang ◽  
Lanxin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Recurrent Wheezing ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen of acute bronchiolitis in children, which sometimes triggers the development of recurrent wheezing and increases the risk of childhood asthma.Methods: We enrolled 425 children who were diagnosed with RSV-infected bronchiolitis at the department of pulmonology, Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine in 2011. Long-term follow-up was performed to explore the consequence of bronchiolitis on subsequent recurrent wheezing and asthma.Results: Of 425 patients, 266 cases completed the entire follow-up, the mean age of onset was 4.9 (3.3) months, and the male-to-female ratio was 2.5. The mean birth weight of all patients was 3.22 (0.63) kg, and the number of patients who had a history of cesarean section was 148. According to the outcome of follow-up, 36 were in the recurrent wheezing (RW) group, 65 were in the asthma (AS) group, and the remaining 165 were in the completely recovered (CR) group. The age of onset was older and the birth weights were higher in the AS group than those in the CR group (P &lt; 0.05). And the higher proportion of cesarean sections was higher in the RW group than that in the CR group (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, we found a remarkable increasing of serum IgE in the AS groups than that in the CR group (P &lt; 0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the cesarean section was the risk factor for the development of recurrent wheezing and the higher birth weight was the risk factor for the development of asthma.Conclusion: RSV bronchiolitis might increase the incidence of recurrent wheezing and asthma. Allergic constitution was an important prerequisite for the occurrence of asthma, and related risk factor such as cesarean section can only increase recurrent wheezing to a certain extent within a certain period of time. And we also find higher birth weight and older onset age for those who develop asthma, which should be verified in the future.

scholarly journals Association Between Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Acute Lower Respiratory Infection in Early Life and Recurrent Wheeze and Asthma in Later Childhood

2019 ◽  
Vol 222 (Supplement_7) ◽  
pp. S628-S633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Shi ◽  
Yujing Ooi ◽  
Ei Mon Zaw ◽  
Natasa Utjesanovic ◽  
Harry Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Recurrent Wheeze ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background Recurrent wheeze and asthma in childhood are commons causes of chronic respiratory morbidity globally. We aimed to explore the association between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in early life and subsequent respiratory sequelae up to age 12 years. Methods We estimated the strength of association by 3 control groups and 3 follow-up age groups, with data from studies published between January 1995 and May 2018. We also estimated associations by diagnostic criteria, age at infection, and high-risk population. Results Overall, we included 41 studies. A statistically significant association was observed between early life RSV infection and subsequent childhood recurrent wheeze, in comparison to those who were healthy or those without respiratory symptoms: OR 3.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.50–3.71) for 0 to &lt;36 months follow-up age; OR 2.60 (95% CI, 1.67–4.04) for 36–72 months; and OR 2.14 (95% CI, 1.33–3.45) for 73–144 months. For the subsequent development of asthma, a statistically significant association was observed only in relation to those aged 73–144 months at follow-up: OR 2.95 (95% CI, 1.96–4.46). Conclusions Further studies using standardized definitions and from diverse settings are needed to elucidate the role of confounders and provide more robust estimates.

scholarly journals The Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Children: Focus on Palivizumab

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. CMT.S2072
Author(s):  
Michael E. Speer ◽  
Amy B. Good
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Humanized Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Post Marketing ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Risk Infants

Recurrent upper respiratory infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and other respiratory viruses occur throughout life. During the first 2 years of life, RSV infected children have up to a 40% risk of a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). In turn LRTI, including bronchiolitis, due to RSV is the most common cause of hospitalization among infants less than one year of age. While mortality from RSV infection has fallen over the last 2 decades, approximately 400-500 deaths occur annually in the United States again primarily in infants less than 1 year of age. Palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, has been shown to reduce the risk of hospitalization in high risk infants if given monthly during RSV season. Post marketing safety surveillance originating from a variety of sources, mostly active surveillance, has confirmed the prelicensure safety profile of palivizumab. Other than very rare anaphylactic reactions (<1/100000), no significant adverse reactions have been noted.

scholarly journals Respiracinio sincitinio viruso infekcijos aktualumas vaikų kardiochirurgijoje

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Solveiga Umbrasaitė ◽  
Kęstutis Versockas
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tract Infections

Solveiga Umbrasaitė, Kęstutis VersockasVilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikos, Santariškių g. 2, LT-08661 VilniusEl paštas: [email protected] Įvadas / tikslas Respiracinis sincitinis virusas (RSV) yra dažniausia apatinių kvėpavimo takų infekcijos priežastis, ypač naujagimiams ir kūdikiams. Tarp vaikų, kuriems yra padidėjusi sunkios RSV infekcijos formos rizika, yra turinčių įgimtą širdies ydą. Ši rizika yra dar didesnė atliekant širdies operacijas. Šio tyrimo tikslas buvo išsiaiškinti, kiek yra infekuotų RSV vaikų tarp patenkančių į stacionarą operaciniam gydymui. Metodai ir rezultatai Specifiniai RSV imunoglobulinų testai buvo atlikti 32 vaikų grupėje (iš kurių 9 naujagimiai ir 23 kūdikiai). Teigiamų IgG antikūnų rasta 12 atvejų (41%), teigiamų IgM antikūnų – vienu. Išvados RSV infekuotų vaikų yra gana daug; dėl to tikslinga tęsti tyrimus. Kitas žingsnis būtų išsiaiškinti RSV infekcijos įtaką perioperacinei pacientų būklei ir pasyvios imunoprofilaktikos palivizumabu tikslingumą. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: respiracinis sincitinis virusas, įgimtos širdies ydos, imunoprofilaktika Relevance of RSV infection in children’s cardiac surgery Solveiga Umbrasaitė, Kęstutis VersockasVilnius University Hospital „Santariškių klinikos“, Santariškių str. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: [email protected] Background / objective Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections, especially in newborns and children under one year of age. Among children at a higher risk of a severe form of RSV infection are children with congenital heart disease. This risk is higher in case of heart operation.The purpose of this research was to reveal the incidence of RSV-infected patients among those admitted for surgical treatment. Methods and results Specific RSV immunoglobulin tests were performed for a group of 32 children (9 newborns and 23 infants). Positive IgG antibodies were found in 12 cases (41%) and positive IgM antibodies in one case. Conclusions The incidence of RSV-infected children is quite high; therefore, it is purposeful to continue research. The next step would be to reveal the influence of RSV infection on the perioperative condition of patients and the expediency of passive imunoprophylaxis with palivizumab. Key words: respiratory syncytial virus, congenital heart disease, imunoprophylaxis

scholarly journals Hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus in the paediatric population in Spain

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 867-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. VICENTE ◽  
M. MONTES ◽  
G. CILLA ◽  
E. G. PEREZ-YARZA ◽  
E. PEREZ-TRALLERO
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Incidence Of Hospitalization

The aim of this population-based retrospective study was to determine the incidence of hospitalization for community-acquired, laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in an unselected paediatric population from southern Europe. The study was performed in an area with 15700 children aged less than 5 years attended by a single hospital. The presence of RSV in nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with acute respiratory infection treated in the hospital was investigated in four seasons (July 1996–June 2000). A total of 390 episodes of hospitalization for RSV infection were detected and 83·3% of the children were aged less than 1 year old. The annual hospitalization rate was 37/1000 for infants aged less than 6 months and 25/1000 for those aged less than 1 year. During the study period, 2·5% of the infants younger than 1 year and approximately 5% of those younger than 3 months were hospitalized for RSV infection. The mean length of hospital stay was 5·9 days. Seven per cent of the patients required admission to the intensive care unit and more than half of these children were aged less than 1 month. In Spain, community-acquired RSV infection is a highly frequent cause of hospitalization in young children, especially in those aged less than 1 year. Prevention of RSV infection, through the development of vaccines and/or other strategies, should be a public health priority.

scholarly journals Recurrent wheezing after respiratory syncytial virus infection in children under 3 years of age: a 1-year follow-up study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhou ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Fang Hu ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Hua Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Recurrent Wheezing ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Multiple Recurrences

Abstract Background: Wheezing in infancy is very common. RSV infection can cause recurrent wheezing. The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors of recurrent wheezing in children under 3 years of age after RSV infection. Methods：We chose children with initial wheezing before 3 years of age who were hospitalized for medical treatment. Wheezing frequency was determined by follow-up at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Information such as birth status, age, sex, preterm, mode of delivery, birth order, eczema history, personal allergy history, family allergy history, passive smoking, and place of residence (urban/rural) was collected. Total serum IgE level, serum allergen testing, routine blood tests, C-reactive protein level, procalcitonin level, respiratory pathogens tests, sputum culture, chest radiography or computed tomography were performed in all patients. The correlation between each factor and wheezing recurrence was evaluated. Results: A total of 259 children were included in the study. They were divided into single recurrence, multiple recurrences, and no recurrence groups. There were significant differences between the single recurrence and multiple recurrences groups in terms of personal allergy history, passive smoking, total serum IgE level, age, hospital stay duration, and wheezing duration (p<0.05). The percentage of children with a personal allergy history in the multiple recurrences group was significantly higher than that of children in the single recurrence and no recurrence groups (p=0.031 and 0.008, respectively). The age of children in the multiple recurrences group was significantly lower than that of children in the single recurrence group (p=0.000). The cost of re-hospitalization in the multiple recurrences group was significantly higher than that in the single recurrence and no recurrence groups (p=0.000 and 0.000, respectively). Conclusions: Children with a personal allergy history were more likely to have wheezing episodes. The frequency of wheezing in children under 3 years of age within 1 year of a respiratory syncytial virus infection was related to age. The younger the age at the time of the onset of wheezing, the more wheezing recurrences in the following year.

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