scholarly journals Neonatal septicemia isolates and resistance patterns in a tertiary care hospital of North India

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 055-057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelam Kaistha ◽  
Manjula Mehta ◽  
Nidhi Singla ◽  
Ritu Garg ◽  
Jagdish Chander
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Neonatal Septicemia ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Background: Septicemia continues to be a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Methodology: To know the rate of neonatal septicemia in our tertiary care centre, a retrospective analysis of 2,247 blood samples was done over a period of four years and three months (July 2003 to October 2007). Results: During that period, a total of 296 (13.17%) blood samples were found to be positive for bacterial isolates. Gram-negative septicemia (80.40%) was identified in more cases than Gram-positive septicemia (20.60%) with Klebsiella species 84 (28.3%) being the most common isolate. Maximum resistance among Gram-negative organisms was seen in amoxycillin/ampicillin and third-generation cephalosporins. Amikacin, cefoperazone/sulbactam and imipenem were found to be good alternative drugs.  Among Gram-positive organisms, all strains were sensitive to Vancomycin. Conclusion: Continued surveillance for various pathogens and their susceptibility profile should be done to effectively and timely treat the patients of neonatal septicaemia.

scholarly journals Aerobic Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of the Isolates from Pyogenic Infections done in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Gunasekaran ◽  
K Deepika ◽  
A Dhanasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Culture Positive

Introduction: Pyogenic infections are characterised by acute and chronic inflammation with exudate formation. It is a serious threat leading to sepsis with gram positive organism being the major cause. The source of infection could be either endogenous or exogenous. There is a recent change in the spectrum with gram negatives being the most common cause than the gram positives. Aim: To analyse the aerobic organisms involved in causing the various pyogenic infections with their current susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 750 culture positive pus and wound swabs received in the Department of Microbiology from various departments of the hospital between June 2018-June 2019 was done and data was recorded. Results: Out of 942 total samples analysed, 750 were culture positive with gram negative being 508 and gram positive being 242. The predominant organism of pyogenic infection was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among gram positive, the most common organism was Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Pyogenic infections were predominant in males and monomicrobial was common over polymicrobial infections. Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL) was seen highest in Escherichia coli at the rate of 47.8% and Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) was high among Klebsiella species and non-fermenting Gram Negative Bacilli (GNB) other than Pseudomonas spp and Acinetobacter spp. Conclusion: There is a changing trend with gram negative organisms being the commonest cause of pyogenic infections as evidenced across India. Spurious use of drugs would help in reducing the spread of drug resistant isolates. Antibiotic policy formulation would help in empiric therapy with reduction in infection rates.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility profiling in diabetic foot ulcer patients and evaluating treatment outcomes at a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1607
Author(s):  
T. J. Prasanna Kumar ◽  
Hari Babu Ramineni ◽  
Reshma Shaik ◽  
Suma Navya Yellavula ◽  
Virajitha Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbial Invasion

Background: Diabetic foot infections are the predominant complications of diabetes mellitus with uncontrolled hyperglycemia levels. Multiple microbial invasion is the primary cause and the causative organism are aerobic gram positive cocci, gram negative bacilli such as Pseudomonas species, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Proteus species and anaerobes.Methods: This is a prospective, observational study conducted in the Department of General Surgery. 50 patients constituted the sample in our study. Patients pus and wound swab samples were collected using sterile and moist swab sticks under aseptic conditions and processed.Results: More gram negative bacteria (66%) were isolated than gram positive bacteria (34%). E. coli (38%) is the major isolated microorganism. Among the isolated organisms many of them are susceptible to amikacin (60%), imipenem (52%) and ciprofloxacin (46%) respectively.Conclusions: E. coli is the most common cause of infection. The antibiogram study showed an incidence of multiple resistant microorganisms to commonly used antibiotics.

scholarly journals Bacterial etiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of neonatal sepsis: a study in a tertiary care hospital, in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1839
Author(s):  
Mahfuza Shirin ◽  
M. Monir Hossain ◽  
Manifa Afrin ◽  
Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The objective of the study was to detect causative microorganisms of neonatal sepsis and their antimicrobial resistance patterns.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018 in the Department of Neonatal Medicine and NICU of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital (DSH). Neonates diagnosed with probable sepsis were studied. After enrollment, 1 mL blood was taken and sent to Microbiology department of DSH for culture and sensitivity. With baseline characteristics, clinical examination findings and outcome, were also recorded.Results: Rate of isolation of single organism was 9.2% (84/913). Out of 84 isolates, gram negative bacteria were 77.4% with Klebsiella pneumonae being the commonest (35, 41.7%), gram positive bacteria were 11.9% with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus were equal (5, 5.95% each) and the remaining (9, 10.7%) isolated organism was Candida. Most of the isolated gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, gentamicin, and ceftazidime; but gram-positive bacteria preserved 20-80% sensitivity. Klebsiella was more resistant than Acinetobacter to amikacin, netilmicin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Around 45-65% of gram-negative bacteria were resistant to imipenem and meropenem but gram-positive bacteria showed lesser resistance. Among the gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella and Acinetobacter were resistant to piperacillin as same as carbapenem group, but gram-positive bacteria were 100% sensitive to piperacillin. All the gram-negative bacteria showed more resistance to 4th generation cephalosporin, cefepime than carbapenem. Out of culture positive 84 neonates, 63 (75.0%) were cured but 21 (25.0%) died. Among the 21 expired neonates, 47.6% (10/21) were infected with Klebsiella.Conclusion: This study observed that gram-negative bacteria causing neonatal sepsis predominantly, with emergence of Candida. All the isolated gram-positive and gram-negative organisms were mostly resistant to available antibiotics

scholarly journals Prescribing pattern in outpatient department of neurosurgery in a tertiary care hospital of North India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2798
Author(s):  
Rehana Tabassum ◽  
Syed Sajad Hussain ◽  
Sajad Hussain Arif ◽  
Altaf Ramzan ◽  
Samina Farhat
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Management Protocol

Background: The neurosurgical disorders are amongst the leading cause of global mortality and morbidity. Though surgical intervention is thought to be the main management protocol in the neurosurgical setup but drugs are being equally used especially in the outpatient setting. The present study was carried out in view of the sparse data available on prescribing pattern in neurosurgery.Methods: The present study was conducted by the department of pharmacology in outpatient department of neurosurgery in a tertiary care centre to look into the prescription pattern among these patients.Results: In 268 patients analyzed, mean age was 43.02±15.93 years and 52.23% were females. Majority of our participants (44%) were found to be of young to middle age group (21-40 years). The diagnosis among the study population was spread over large number of diseases. Lumbar Disc Prolapse (LDP) was found to be the leading cause of neurosurgical morbidity, amounting to 32%. As far as the prescription of various drugs in the outpatient of neurosurgery is concerned, Analgesics were the most common drugs prescribed constituting about 48% of the total drugs prescribed followed by GABA analogues and multivitamins which equally formed 41% of the total prescribed drugs.Conclusions: Although the prescription pattern studies among the outpatient neurosurgery patients are very scant, the analysis of prescription studies will be helpful to encourage the rational drug prescribing pattern.

scholarly journals Predictors of mortality in neonatal septicemia in a tertiary care centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 2037
Author(s):  
Dhara Gosai ◽  
Bela H. Shah ◽  
Jyothi S.
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Neonatal Septicemia ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Predictors Of Mortality

Background: Neonatal septicemia continues to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity in new-borns all over the world. Aim and objectives of the study were determining the risk factors for mortality in neonatal septicemia.Methods: A retrospective observational study of the demographics, clinical features and laboratory parameters of 100 neonates admitted in NICU of a tertiary care hospital from September 2019 to March 2020.Results: 67% of neonates delivered outside centre and 33% of neonates delivered at centre were found to have sepsis exclusively based on culture positivity. A significant association was found between very low birth rate (VLBW) (p value<0.001), prematurity (p value<0.01) and high neonatal mortality. Among the different clinical presentations of neonatal sepsis, lethargy (p value<0.02), apnea (p value<0.01) and hypothermia (p value<0.02) were found to be frequently associated with neonatal mortality. Further, C-reactive protein (CRP) positivity (p value<0.003), hyperglycaemia (p value<0.0009) and thrombocytopenia (p value<0.0009) were also associated with high neonatal mortality. Gram positive bacteria were frequently isolated from blood cultures of deceased neonates, Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) (36.1%), being the commonest bacteria followed by B. subtilis (11.1%), Klebsiella spp. (11.1%) and Acinetobacter spp. (8.3%).Conclusion: Demographic factors like VLBW, prematurity, outborn deliveries, clinical and laboratory parameters like lethargy, apnea, hypothermia, thrombocytopenia and hyperglycemia are strong predictors of mortality in neonatal.

scholarly journals Five year trend of aerobic bacteria isolated from patients with neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care centre, North Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1269
Author(s):  
Ramakrishna Pai Jakribettu ◽  
Bindu A. ◽  
Twinkle V. ◽  
Fysal Neliyathodi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Antimicrobial resistance has reached to a significant proportion globally. This antimicrobial resistance increases the cost of health care in addition to the existing burden of the prevalence of infectious disease in developing countries. We need to have institutional protocols based on the standard guidelines. It is important for the clinician to use antibiotics only when it is necessary. Thus, the present study was undertaken to know the bacteriological profile and antibiogram of aerobic pathogens isolated from blood samples of patients in NICU during 2012 -2016.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Clinical Microbiology and Paediatric department, MES Medical College, Perinthalmanna, between January 2012 to December 2016. All blood samples from suspected Neonatal sepsis were included in the study. The positive samples were cultured as per standard microbiological procedure and antimicrobial susceptibility was done as per CLSI guidelines.Results: During the study period of 5 years, out of 2022 blood samples received from NICU 251 (12.41%) were positive. During the study period, male patients (146, 58.17%) were more than the female. The Gram-positive isolates accounted for 135 (53.78%) isolates compared to Gram negative isolates 115 (45.81%). Authors had a single isolate of Candida species in 2014. Among the Gram positive isolates, Staphylococcus aureus (77/135) was the commonest and Klebsiella pneumoniae (51/115) among the Gram negative isolates. There was a steady rise in MRSA isolation rate in five years. The commonly used antibiotic in neonatal sepsis i.e., Ampicillin and Gentamicin, was observed to have high level of resistance. No resistance was observed against Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, Linezolid among Gram positive and against Carbapenems among Gram negative pathogens.Conclusions: As Gram positive organisms were the most common pathogen isolated in patients with neonatal septicaemia in our study population. The Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the common isolates. Following this study, Piperacillin tazobactum is considered as the drug for empirical therapy. Vancomycin and carbapenems are considered as reserve drug and escalated only following the report from microbiology report.

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women Attending Tertiary Care Hospital in Lucknow, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Naimshree Sonkar ◽  
Malay Banerjee ◽  
Suman Gupta ◽  
Absar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Haemoglobin Level ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

Introduction: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is the presence of actively multiplying bacteria within the urinary tract with absence of any symptoms, resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes. This research study was done in order to review prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and factors associated with ASB occurring in female patients who are pregnant and being treated at a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow, India. Method and Materials: This is a cross-sectional study done among 216 pregnant women attending a hospital for antenatal check-ups. Clean catch midstream urine samples were collected and examined microscopically, and semi-quantitative culture was done on blood agar and MacConkey agar. Isolates were identified by colony morphology and biochemical tests, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by using the Kirby-Bauer method. Results: Of the 216 pregnant women, 36 (16.7%) tested positive for ASB. The female gestational period, haemoglobin level, and BMI were significantly associated with ASB. Logistic regression also showed that higher haemoglobin level was less likely to ASB (AOR = 0.42, 95% confidence interval: 0.202–0.88, p = 0.021). The predominant and usual isolates were E. coli (n = 22, 61.1%), followed by Cons (n = 6, 16.7%), and S. aureus (3, 8.3%). All Gram-negative isolates were mostly sensitive to most of the drugs like piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, nitrofurantoin, and meropenem but were 100% resistant to ampicillin. Similarly, Gram-positive isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, vancomycin, linezolid, and nitrofurantoin but 100% resistant to co-trimoxazole. Conclusion: The present study shows the existence of ASB was 16.7% among women who are pregnant. Pregnancy duration, haemoglobin level, and BMI were significantly associated with ASB. The isolates identified more frequently were E. coli (61.16%), Cons (16.7%), and S. aureus (8.3%). All isolates which were Gram-negative were mostly sensitive to most of the drugs but were 100% resistant to ampicillin. Similarly, Gram-positive isolates were sensitive to most of the drugs but 100% resistant to co-trimoxazole.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and outcome of sepsis in a tertiary-care hospital in a developing country

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. TANRIOVER ◽  
G. S. GUVEN ◽  
D. SEN ◽  
S. UNAL ◽  
O. UZUN
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Major Pathogens ◽  
Very High

Sepsis continues to have a substantial mortality and morbidity despite advances in the diagnosis and management of this condition. We retrospectively analysed hospital charts of patients diagnosed to have sepsis between January 2002 and June 2003. Demographic characteristics of patients, microbiological findings and predictors of survival were evaluated. Sixty-nine sepsis episodes that occurred in 63 patients were analysed. The most common underlying diseases were hypertension, malignancies and diabetes mellitus. Renal insufficiency, respiratory distress and disseminated intravascular coagulation developed in 52·2, 30·4 and 30·4% of the episodes respectively; 47·7% of the blood cultures yielded an organism. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant microorganisms (65·9%). Fifty-five patients (87·3%) died. Mechanical ventilation and underlying renal disease were significant determinants of mortality. In conclusion, Gram-negative bacteria remain the major pathogens in sepsis. The mortality remains very high, and a change in the clinical approach to the septic patient should be employed to improve the outcome.

AEROBIC BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE WITH ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF PUS SAMPLES AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN JAIPUR

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
Hemendra K Sharma ◽  
Niketa Gupta ◽  
Mahesh Yadav ◽  
Aruna Vyas ◽  
Rajni Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Background: Pyogenic infections can be caused by various microorganisms and may co-exist as poly microbial infections which require antibiotic therapy. The inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to major problems of MDRO's contributing to morbidity and mortality. Even though the bacteriological prole of pus samples in many studies remain the same, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of these isolates has shown a lot of variation. This study was conducted to assess bacteriological prole of pus samples and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern Materials and Methods:Aretrospective study was carried out from April to June 2021. 540 pus culture aerobic bacterial isolates were included. The samples were cultured on Blood and MacConkey agar. After aerobic incubation at 37oC for 18-24 hrs, organisms were identied by conventional bacteriology methods as per laboratory protocol and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI 2020 guideline. Results: Out of 540 pus isolates , 452(83.7%)were gram negative bacili and 88(16.3%) were gram positive cocci Pseudomonas spp. 173(31.9%), was most common gram negative isolate while S.. aureus 66(12.19%) was most common Gram positive isolate. Most of gram negative isolates were susceptible to Imipenem and Polymyxin and gram positive isolates to vancomycin and linezolid . Conclusion: To combat resistance irrational use of antibiotics should be avoided. Also regular surveillance helps in implementing better therapeutic strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality

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