scholarly journals The culture potential and management problems of freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium americanum and Macrobrachium tenellum) in their native areas: the case for Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-390
Author(s):  
Rodolfo De los Santos Romero ◽  
Fernando Vega-Villasante ◽  
Edilmar Cortes-Jacinto ◽  
Marcelo García-Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Human Impact ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
Management Problems ◽  
Biological Attributes ◽  
Available Information

Macrobrachium tenellum and M. americanum are common freshwater prawns from the Americas' tropical and subtropical Pacific continental side. They have different biological attributes and are currently threatened by human impact on their ecosystems. Both species provide different quality products for human consumption and are intensively exploited without proper management. This study analyzes, discusses, and compares the available information for both species and their current status as a live resource.

scholarly journals OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH OF MUSHROOMS IN SRI LANKA

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-403
Author(s):  
Samantha C. Karunarathna ◽  
Peter E. Mortimer ◽  
Jianchu Xu ◽  
Kevin D. Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Mycological Research ◽  
The Future ◽  
Available Information

According to recent estimates the mycota of Sri Lanka is highly diverse, yet it has been relatively little studied and remains poorly understood. Sri Lanka may contain up to 25,000 species of fungi, of which only a little more than 2000 are presently known, and this estimate does not take into account the large number of exotics introduced along with food, plantation, and ornamental plants. Mycological research in Sri Lanka has been limited to certain parts of the country, and the available information is widely dispersed, difficult to access, and plagued by synonymy. Commercially cultivable mushrooms were first introduced to Sri Lanka in 1985, and today both endemic and non-native species are cultivated. This paper addresses the current status of Sri Lankan mushroom research, and suggests measures which are needed to support the future development of Sri Lankan mycology.

Patterns in the distribution of Melanesian land Mollusca

1969 ◽  
Vol 255 (800) ◽  
pp. 285-306 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Region ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Biological Attributes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Available Information

Melanesia is important in any discussion concerned with the distribution of terrestrial Mollusca in the Pacific region, as a zone exhibiting an intermingling of faunas derived from different geographical areas. Along the chain of islands constituting Melanesia these faunal elements exhibit changing patterns consistent with island hopping across water gaps. Yet the numbers of species of Mollusca on these islands show a positive correlation with the size of the individual islands (figure 19) and not, as might be expected, with the distance of particular taxonomic groups from centres of dispersal. Variations in this pattern can be attributed to differences in the isolation of islands, ecological diversity and the paucity of collecting in many areas. It should be realized that the distributional patterns recorded for any particular taxon must reflect the frequency and density of collecting and the inadequacies of the systematics of the group, besides biological attributes of the taxon and the island. The limitations should not distract, however, from attempts to analyse the available information, instead they must serve as a guide to the difficulties involved.

scholarly journals TRITIUM - A Quasi Real-Time Low Activity Tritium Monitor for Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
C.D.R. Azevedo ◽  
A. Baeza ◽  
M. Brás ◽  
T. Cámara ◽  
C. Cerna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Silicon Photomultiplier ◽  
Silicon Photomultipliers ◽  
Council Directive

Tritium is released abundantly to the environment by nuclear power plants (NPP), as a product of neutron capture by hydrogen and deuterium. In normal running conditions, released cooling waters may contain levels of tritium close to or even larger than the maximum authorised limit for human consumption (drinking and irrigation). The European Council Directive 2013/51/Euratom requires a maximum level of tritium in water for human consumption lower than 100 Bq=L. Current monitoring of tritium activity in water by liquid scintillating method takes about two days and can only be carried out in a dedicated laboratory. This system is not appropriate for real time monitoring. At present, there exists no available detector device with enough sensitivity to monitor waters for human consumption with high enough sensitivity. The goal of the TRITIUM project is to build a tritium monitor capable to measure tritium activities with detection limit close to 100Bq=L, using instrumentation technique developed in recent years for Nuclear and Particle Physics, such as scintillating fibres and silicon photomultipliers (SiPM). In this paper the current status of the TRITIUM project is presented and he results of first prototypes are discussed. A detector system based on scintillating fibers read out either photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) or silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays is under development and will be installed in the vicinity of Almaraz nuclear power plant (Cáceres, Spain) by the fourth term of 2019.

scholarly journals Conservation tourism as a strategy to promote the conservation of biodiversity among BRICS countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oldemar de Oliveira Carvalho-Junior ◽  
Minal Desai
Keyword(s):  
Current Data ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Available Information

This work aims to discuss tourism among BRICS members, especially between Brazil and India, considering the pandemic caused by COVID-19 and how tourism can help overcome this crisis, promoting biodiversity conservation among member countries. Historical and current data from official international sources, in Brazil and India's government, were obtained and analyzed to create an overview of the current status of tourism among BRICS countries. India represents only 15% of the total tourists who come to Brazil. In Santa Catarina, an important tourist destination in southern Brazil, in 2018, only 56 tourists came from Russia, 39 from China, 32 from India, and 25 from South Africa. As a consequence of COVID-19, tourism will likely have to reinvent itself or, at least, be aware of other windows of opportunity for its survival and growth. As a result, experiential tourism, such as conservation tourism, is expected to consolidate more strongly. Conservation tourism, an innovative proposal, can be defined as the tourism segment that uses natural and cultural heritage, through a socio-environmental research project, with the participation of ecovolunteers, promoting the social entrepreneurship of the communities involved, focused on the experience and learning in protected areas, contributing to their planning, use, sustainability, and conservation, with social responsibility. The difference between conservation tourism and ecotourism is that conservation tourism generates information, unlike ecotourism, which uses available information. This type of tourism, conservation, and community base, with research and education bias, can represent an essential agenda of approximation between the BRICS countries. The definition of a cooperation agenda can be fundamental to promote conservation tourism while helping to protect biodiversity, generating jobs, and being a source of income for the communities involved.

Diagnosis of Metastatic Neoplasms: Molecular Approaches for Identification of Tissue of Origin

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico A. Monzon ◽  
Tracie J. Koen
Keyword(s):  
Patient Management ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Metastatic Tumors ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Tissue Of Origin ◽  
Available Information

Abstract Context Tumors of uncertain or unknown origin are estimated to constitute 3% to 5% of all metastatic cancer cases. Patients with these types of tumors show worse outcomes when compared to patients in which a primary tumor is identified. New molecular tests that identify molecular signatures of a tissue of origin have become available. Objective To review the literature on existing molecular approaches to the diagnosis of metastatic tumors of uncertain origin and discuss the current status and future developments in this area. Data Sources Published peer-reviewed literature, available information from medical organizations (National Comprehensive Cancer Network), and other publicly available information from tissue-of-origin test providers and/or manufacturers. Conclusions Molecular tests for tissue-of-origin determination in metastatic tumors are available and have the potential to significantly impact patient management. However, available validation data indicate that not all tests have shown adequate performance characteristics for clinical use. Pathologists and oncologists should carefully evaluate claims for accuracy and clinical utility for tissue-of-origin tests before using test results in patient management. The personalized medicine revolution includes the use of molecular tools for identification/confirmation of the site of origin for metastatic tumors, and in the future, this strategy might also be used to determine specific therapeutic approaches.

Vaginal Cancer: An Iatrogenic Disease?

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Vaginal Cancer ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
University Women ◽  
Epidemiologic Evidence

Presently we are witnessing two unique occurrences in the field of public health: the first demonstration of transplacental carcinogenesis in humans and the first drug-induced cancer epidemic in women under age 30. This article examines the current status of the vaginal cancer epidemic and possible reasons for the failure of governmental health agencies to recall and test the generation of females who were exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero. Epidemiologic evidence indicates that the large majority of “DES daughters” may develop adenosis. The carcinogenicity of other estrogens in wide use is examined. It is pointed out that, although vaginal cancer in daughters exposed to DES in utero provided the clinical evidence to secure a Food and Drug Administration ban on DES as an additive to cattle feed, the FDA approved a new use of DES as a “morning-after pill” contraceptive even though the contraceptive contains 833,000 times the amount of DES banned for human consumption in beef. The lack of standards of informed consent in the testing of the morning-after pill on university women and the additional risk this presents to DES daughters are discussed. The sociopolitical and economic contributing factors to the vaginal cancer epidemic and the extent to which the scientific direction of medical care is influenced by economic factors are examined. Public health measures which might prevent the occurrence of such man-made epidemics in the future are recommended.

Evaluating the occurrence and conservation statuses of Sri Lankan Orchids (Orchidaceae): Observations on newly recorded species and undocumented regions

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 308 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
W.A.M.P. ARIYARATHNE ◽  
DEEPTHI YAKANDAWALA ◽  
ROSABELLE SAMUEL ◽  
SIRIL WIJESUNDARA
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Red Listing

Sri Lanka is a country with unique landscapes and positioning. Its land profile varies from coastal areas through lowland hills to central montane region, and the climatic zones governed by seasonal monsoons results in a significantly high biodiversity.         Sri Lanka together with Western Ghats is a biodiversity hot spot among the 35 regions known worldwide. Sri Lanka harbors 3154 species of which 894 are endemics belonging to different angiosperm families. The orchid flora of the country, with 189 known species including 55 endemics is one that contributes very much for this high endemism. However 70.6% are currently listed as nationally threatened species during National Red listing in 2012.         The present study was conducted to investigate the current status and occurrence of species of the family Orchidaceae within and outside the conservation areas including few unexplored/ undocumented regions in the country. Field visits were carried out mainly focusing on the flowering seasons. Fourteen different sites including Forest Reserves, Sanctuaries, Strict Nature Reserves and Wildlife Parks were taken into consideration during this study. Observations were made in the field and locations recorded, collected data were tabulated and compared with available information. The observation made during the present study would make a large contribution for updating the conservation status of orchids at national and global level red listing.

The Occurrence of Larval Anisakid Nematodes in small Gadoids from Scottish Waters

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wootten
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Anisakid Nematodes

Larval anisakid nematodes are among the most abundant helminth parasites of commercially exploited marine fish in the North-East Atlantic. Consequently, the biology of Anisakis and Phocanema in commercially sized fish from the North-East Atlantic has been quite extensively studied in recent years (see for example Davey, 1972; Rae, 1972; Young, 1972; Platt, 1975). There is, however, little available information on the occurrence of larval anisakids in small fish or species not used for human consumption. This is an important gap in our knowledge since information on the infection of such fish will increase our understanding of the circulation of these parasites within the marine environment and the levels of infection in commercial species.

scholarly journals A Review on Current Status of Riverine Pollution in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Ahmed Shabbir Khan ◽  
Ankur Anavkar ◽  
Ahmad Ali ◽  
Nimisha Patel ◽  
Hina Alim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Waste ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Pass Through

Water is one of the essential resources needed on Earth for the survival of humans. The Indian people consider rivers such as Ganga, Yamuna, and Sabarmati sacred, while the Mithi river had bio-diversified importance. Drinking and taking bath in the sacred rivers is a common practice.These rivers cover a total distance of 4272 kilometres. But the water quality of these rivers is compromised by the presence of various contaminants such as pesticides, heavy metals, organic waste, chemical waste, and direct discharge of sewage.The pollution levels have risen as a result of the chemical industry's output of 30984 metric tonnes in 2019-2020. Over the years, the agriculture sector has used 3,50,000 Mt of DDT.The water has become unfit for any human consumption, thus posing a possible threat of diseases outbreak. These rivers pass through the major urban cities of India like Delhi, major economic cities of Uttar Pradesh state, Ahmedabad, and Mumbai. There is a risk of certain lethal diseases due to the direct exposure of humans and other life forms to toxic chemicals and heavy metals through polluted river water. The objective of this study is to examine the causes of water contamination in major Indian rivers and their potential risk on human health.

scholarly journals Current status of organic oilseeds worldwide − Statistical update☆

OCL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Willer ◽  
Jan Travnicek ◽  
Bernhard Schlatter
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Consumption

Organic oilseeds constitute an important element in organic production. Their products are important feedstuffs (oilcake) and also relevant for human consumption (soya products, oils), and demand for these is continually growing. Almost 1.5 million hectares or 11% of the world’s organic arable land were used for growing organic oilseeds in 2018. This is 0.6% of the world’s total harvested oilseed area. On half of the organic oilseed area soybeans are grown, and about one third of the organic oilseed area is in China, where much of the production is for export. It is expected that with the growing organic market, which reached 97 billion euros in 2018, the organic oilseed area and in particular that of soybeans will continue to grow fast.

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