miR-139-5p modulates cortical neuronal migration by targeting Lis1 in a rat model of focal cortical dysplasia

We define specific neurophysiologic characteristics for focal cortical dysplasia, a neuronal migration disorder. We reviewed data from published reports and our patients with focal cortical dysplasia. Our patients underwent preoperative scalp video-electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetoencephalography, and intraoperative or extraoperative electrocorticography monitoring. Scalp EEG showed trains of rhythmic epileptiform spike or sharp waves. Positive spikes correlated with early seizure onset, MRI lesion around the rolandic fissure, hemiparesis, and a less favorable outcome. Interictal electrocorticography showed continuous epileptogenic discharges: repetitive electrographic seizures and bursting discharges or continuous or quasicontinuous rhythmic spiking. Ictal electrocorticography showed paroxysmal fast and/or repetitive spiking. Magnetoencephalography showed clustered spike sources within and extending from the lesion. Cortical stimulation gave more frequent, lower-threshold afterdischarges and higher-threshold primary motor function. Focal cortical dysplasias are highly and intrinsically epileptogenic. For surgical seizure control, EEG, electrocorticography, and magnetoencephalography must delineate the intrinsic epileptogenic zone within and extending from the focal cortical dysplasia identified by MRI. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:357—363).

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Neuronal Migration Disorders: A Contribution of Modern Neuroimaging to the Etiologic Diagnosis of Epilepsy

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100032753 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 18 (S4) ◽

pp. 580-587 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

André Palmini ◽

Frederick Andermann ◽

André Olivier ◽

Donatella Tampieri ◽

Yvon Robitaille ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuronal Migration ◽

Focal Cortical Dysplasia ◽

Cortical Dysplasia ◽

Dysplastic Lesion ◽

Surgical Strategies ◽

Intractable Seizures ◽

Neuronal Migration Disorders ◽

Double Cortex Syndrome ◽

Double Cortex ◽

Migration Disorders

ABSTRACT:Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging enable the identification of neuronal migration disorders during life. Several specific syndromes have been identified and early diagnosis of previously unrecognized entities is now possible. We report 51 patients with imaging. Thirty-two had a single widespread cortical dysplastic lesion. Twenty-eight had focal corticectomies. From a pathological standpoint, these encompassed focal cortical dysplasia (14 cases) and forme fruste of tuberous sclerosis (10 cases). These two groups of patients were indistinguishable from the clinical and radiological standpoint. In only two was the MRI examination normal. In addition, there were 10 with bilateral perisylvian dysplasia, four with diffuse cortical dysplasia or the "double cortex" syndrome, three with hemimegalencephaly, one with megalencephaly, and one with nodular neuronal heterotopia. The electroclinical and imaging findings led to the development of specific surgical strategies for the alleviation of the intractable seizures in each of these radiologically-defined syndromes.

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Defining the latent period of epileptogenesis and epileptogenic zone in a focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCDII) rat model

Epilepsia ◽

10.1111/epi.16868 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hsin‐Yi Kao ◽

Shuntong Hu ◽

Temenuzhka Mihaylova ◽

Julie Ziobro ◽

EunSeon Ahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latent Period ◽

Rat Model ◽

Focal Cortical Dysplasia ◽

Cortical Dysplasia ◽

Epileptogenic Zone ◽

Type Ii

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Reorganization of the primary somatosensory area in epilepsy associated with focal cortical dysplasia

Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology ◽

10.1017/s0012162200001547 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 42 (12) ◽

pp. 839 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kenjiro Gondo ◽

Ryutaro Kira ◽

Yoichi Tokunaga ◽

Chie Harashima ◽

Shozo Tobimatsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Focal Cortical Dysplasia ◽

Cortical Dysplasia ◽

Somatosensory Area

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Ultrasonographic Features of Focal Cortical Dysplasia and Their Relevance for the Surgical Treatment of Epilepsy

10.1055/s-0038-1660699 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

K. Akeret ◽

D. Bellut ◽

H. Huppertz ◽

C. Serra ◽

K. König ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Focal Cortical Dysplasia ◽

Cortical Dysplasia ◽

Treatment Of Epilepsy

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Utility of depth electrode placement in the neurosurgical management of bottom-of-sulcus lesions: technical note

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2019.4.peds18639 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 284-292

Author(s):

Eisha A. Christian ◽

Elysa Widjaja ◽

Ayako Ochi ◽

Hiroshi Otsubo ◽

Stephanie Holowka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Patients ◽

Focal Cortical Dysplasia ◽

Target Identification ◽

Cortical Dysplasia ◽

Technical Note ◽

Electrode Placement ◽

Electrode Implantation ◽

Depth Electrodes ◽

Intracranial Electrode ◽

The Brain

OBJECTIVESmall lesions at the depth of the sulcus, such as with bottom-of-sulcus focal cortical dysplasia, are not visible from the surface of the brain and can therefore be technically challenging to resect. In this technical note, the authors describe their method of using depth electrodes as landmarks for the subsequent resection of these exacting lesions.METHODSA retrospective review was performed on pediatric patients who had undergone invasive electroencephalography with depth electrodes that were subsequently used as guides for resection in the period between July 2015 and June 2017.RESULTSTen patients (3–15 years old) met the criteria for this study. At the same time as invasive subdural grid and/or strip insertion, between 2 and 4 depth electrodes were placed using a hand-held frameless neuronavigation technique. Of the total 28 depth electrodes inserted, all were found within the targeted locations on postoperative imaging. There was 1 patient in whom an asymptomatic subarachnoid hemorrhage was demonstrated on postprocedural imaging. Depth electrodes aided in target identification in all 10 cases.CONCLUSIONSDepth electrodes placed at the time of invasive intracranial electrode implantation can be used to help localize, target, and resect primary zones of epileptogenesis caused by bottom-of-sulcus lesions.

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