Onset and Course of Affective Disorders in Subjects at Risk: A Prospective Family Study

Objective. This study investigates the relationship of specific anxiety and affective disorders to obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in a blind, controlled family study.Method. Eighty case and 73 control probands, as well as 343 case and 300 control first-degree relatives of these probands, participated in the study. Subjects were examined by psychologists or psychiatrists using the Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Anxiety version (SADS-LA). Two experienced psychiatrists independently reviewed all clinical materials, and final diagnoses were made according to DSM-IV criteria, by consensus procedure.Results. Except for bipolar disorder, all anxiety and affective disorders investigated were more frequent in case than control probands. Substance dependence disorders were not more frequent. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, agoraphobia, separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and recurrent major depression were more common in case than control relatives. These disorders occurred more frequently if the relative was diagnosed with OCD. Only GAD and agoraphobia were more frequent in case relatives independent of OCD.Conclusion. GAD and agoraphobia share a common familial aetiology with OCD. The other anxiety and affective disorders, when comorbid with OCD, may emerge as a consequence of the OCD or as a more complex syndrome.

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A Family Study of Bipolar II Disorder

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.145.1.49 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 145 (1) ◽

pp. 49-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

W. Coryell ◽

J. Endicott ◽

T. Reich ◽

N. Andreasen ◽

M. Keller

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Small Proportion ◽

Affective Disorders ◽

Family Study ◽

Collaborative Study ◽

Bipolar Ii Disorder ◽

Bipolar Illness ◽

Bipolar Ii ◽

The Family

SummaryProfessional raters who were blind to proband diagnosis used the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia (SADS-L) and the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) to evaluate 1, 210 first-degree relatives of 327 probands with primary major depression, participating in the family sub-study of the NIMH Collaborative Study of the Affective Disorders – Clinical Branch. Bipolar II probands were significantly more likely to have bipolar II relatives than were non-bipolar or bipolar I probands. Bipolar II probands were slightly more likely than non-bipolar probands and slightly less likely than bipolar I probands to have relatives with bipolar I illness. Similar patterns have emerged in two other recently reported family studies of bipolar II illness. Taken together, these data suggest heterogeneity among patients with bipolar II depression. Some appear to be genotypes for bipolar I illness, while a small proportion may be genotypes for non-bipolar illness. A third group, of undetermined size, may breed true.

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Theory of planned behavior, self-stigma, and perceived barriers explains the behavior of seeking mental health services for people at risk of affective disorders

Social Health and Behavior ◽

10.4103/shb.shb_27_18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 54 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Maryam Damghanian ◽

Mehran Alijanzadeh

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

At Risk ◽

Mental Health Services ◽

Health Services ◽

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Affective Disorders ◽

Perceived Barriers

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Affective Disorders and Circadian Rhythms

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674378603100315 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 259-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

J.D. Hallonquist ◽

M.A. Goldberg ◽

J.S. Brandes

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Circadian Rhythms ◽

Causal Relationship ◽

Affective Disorders ◽

Bipolar Depression ◽

Circadian System ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Circadian Dysfunction

Abnormal circadian rhythms have been associated with affective disorders. A review of this rapidly expanding area of investigation shows that while a clear causal relationship has not yet been proven, a knowledge of the circadian system and its dysfunction can help in understanding unipolar and bipolar depression. Evidence suggests that existing therapies such as lithium and antidepressants act upon the circadian system. Better identification of individuals at risk for affective disorders and the development of new preventive and therapeutic interventions may result from further study of circadian dysfunction.

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Is there evidence for social rhythm instability in people at risk for affective disorders?

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2005.07.023 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 141 (1) ◽

pp. 103-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Thomas D. Meyer ◽

Silke Maier

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Affective Disorders ◽

Social Rhythm

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Clinical Characteristics, Life Adversities and Personality Traits in Monozygotic Twins With, at Risk of and Without Affective Disorders

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00401 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ninja M. Ottesen ◽

Iselin Meluken ◽

Thomas Scheike ◽

Lars V. Kessing ◽

Kamilla W. Miskowiak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Affective Disorders ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Monozygotic Twins

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Risk of drug interaction: combination of antidepressants and other drugs

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-89102003000200008 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 212-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lincoln Sakiara Miyasaka ◽

Alvaro Nagib Atallah

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Drug Interaction ◽

Drug Interactions ◽

Outpatient Clinic ◽

Affective Disorders ◽

Public Hospital ◽

Psychiatric Unit ◽

Manual Search ◽

Hospital Units ◽

Data Processing Center

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of combination of antidepressants with other drugs and risk of drug interactions in the setting public hospital units in Brazil. METHODS: Prescriptions of all patients admitted to a public hospital from November 1996 to February 1997 were surveyed from the hospital's data processing center in São Paulo, Brazil. A manual search of case notes of all patients admitted to the psychiatric unit from January 1993 to December 1995 and all patients registered in the affective disorders outpatient clinic in December 1996 was carried out. Patients taking any antidepressant were identified and concomitant use of drugs was checked. By means of a software program (Micromedex®) drug interactions were identified. RESULTS: Out of 6,844 patients admitted to the hospital, 63 (0.9%) used antidepressants and 16 (25.3%) were at risk of drug interaction. Out of 311 patients in the psychiatric unit, 63 (20.2%) used antidepressants and 13 of them (20.6%) were at risk. Out of 87 patients in the affective disorders outpatient clinic, 43 (49.4%) took antidepressants and 7 (16.2%) were at risk. In general, the use of antidepressants was recorded in 169 patients and 36 (21.3%) were at risk of drug interactions. Twenty different forms of combinations at risk of drug interactions were identified: four were classified as mild, 15 moderate and one severe interaction. CONCLUSION: In the hospital general units the number of drug interactions per patient was higher than in the psychiatric unit; and prescription for depression was lower than expected.

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