Overview of Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm and QOS Components in MANETS

2012 ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Jahangir Khan ◽  
Abou Bakar Nauman
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Multicast Communication ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Hoc Networks

TORA is a highly adaptive routing protocol that provides loop free routing of data packets in ad hoc network at every instant. Each node of network has the capability to contain information about its local topology changes and regular coordination with their neighbour nodes in order to detect partitions occurs in network. In Ad-Hoc networks, multicast communication is not ideal due to the frequent nodes mobility and failures. Such problems in transmission of data become reasons for increased delays and decreased throughput, and also sudden changes in delay, traffic, and link breakage occur due to nodes mobility. The network parameters like network size, number of nodes, number of hops per route, traffic patterns (bits/packets), link capacity, mobility trajectory, and frequency of sleeping nodes do have great results on the performance of routing protocols in the mobile ad hoc networks. TORA has three basic route functions: establishment, maintenance, and erasing. In TORA routing protocol, each node has capable to contain a structure of network describing node’s height and status of all connected links. The importance of these heights in TORA routing protocol are that a node in network may only forward data packets downstream instead of upstream. TORA are more appropriate for QOS in ad hoc networks with a higher mobility and data transfer rate.

Research on a Reliable Zone Routing Protocol and its Key Technologies in Ad Hoc Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 2010-2013
Author(s):  
Jing Wu ◽  
Shan Shan Sun ◽  
Li Qin Tian
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Transmission Delay ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Hybrid Routing ◽  
Zone Routing Protocol ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Hoc Networks

In ad hoc networks, ZRP is the most typical protocol in hybrid routing protocols. Aiming at the problem that the scheme for maintaining an inter-zone route in ZRP makes ZRP take more lost packets and more route re-discovering times; the former makes ZRP take lower delivery ratio of data packets, which makes ZRP take less reliability; the latter makes ZRP take more transmission delay and more routing overheads, a reliable zone routing protocol (RZRP) was proposed. RZRP was designed from basic idea and key technologies, and the protocol performance was analyzed in a simulation. The simulation results show that RZRP improves delivery ratio of data packets, which shows that RZRP improves the protocol reliability, and RZRP also reduces the transmission delay and routing overheads.

scholarly journals Study the effect of sound encodings on AD-HOC networks using TORA routing protocol and VOIP application: دراسة تأثير ترميزات الصوت على شبكات AD-HOCباستخدام بروتوكول التوجيه TORA وتطبيق VOIP

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleiman Zidan Aldarf, Jamal Al-yassin
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks are used for data transfer. The nodes of such networks do not require presetting. They are characterized by dynamic data transfer during their movement of the nodes.  Routing protocols of mobile ad-hoc networks differ from the existing internet protocols which are designed for the fixed structure based wireless networks. MANET protocols have to face high challenges due to dynamically changing of topologies, low transmission power and asymmetric links. Due to link instability, node mobility and frequently changing topologies routing becomes one of the core issues in MANETs. Currently existent routing protocols provide routing solutions up to a certain level and most of them are designed and implemented in small areas. Many researchers are still working on the developments of MANET routing protocols. This research study effect of some voice codecs on ad-hoc networks using the (TORA routing protocol) and by running the VOIP application on a network randomized scenario. This effect will be compared through several performance parameters for the network used. The Network Simulation Program (OPNET), which is the first program in the area of telecommunications networks in general, is used to provide accurate results for studies in the field of networks.  

scholarly journals WA-GPSR: Weight-Aware GPSR-Based Routing Protocol for VANET

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (17) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Safae Smiri ◽  
Adil Ben Abbou ◽  
Abdelali Boushaba ◽  
Azeddine Zahi ◽  
Rachid Ben Abbou
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Geographic Routing ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Metric Analysis ◽  
Hoc Networks

The extremely fast topology has created new requirements for the geographic routing protocol, which has been the most efficient solution for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). The frequent disconnection of links makes the choice of the next routing node extremely difficult. Hence, an efficient routing algorithm needs to deliver the appropriate path to transfer the data packets with the most relevant quality of service (QoS). In this work, the weight-aware greedy perimeter stateless (WA-GPSR) routing protocol is presented. The enhanced GPSR protocol computes the reliable communication area and selects the next forwarding vehicle based on several routing criteria. The proposal has been evaluated and compared to Maxduration-Minangle GPSR (MM-GPSR) and traditional GPSR using strict metric analysis. Our experimental results using NS-2 and VanetMobiSim, have demonstrated that WA-GPSR has the ability to enhance network performance.

scholarly journals Failure history-based routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Khalid Batiha ◽  
Aamal Khaled Ababneh
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs) are defined as a collection of mobile nodes that cooperate in order to operate. Nodes in MANETs should build and maintain routes in order to communicate. A routing algorithm is used to manage these routes. MANETs have dynamic topology because of node mobility. The probability of route failure increases when intermediate nodes have higher mobility. This study will propose a routing protocol that depends on the failure history of the nodes from which the route will constructed. The proposed protocol will be implemented over the existing Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. It is expected that the proposed protocol will improve the packet delivery ratio in the network. 

scholarly journals Dynamic Detection of Secure Routes in Ad hoc Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloofar Movahedian Attar
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Impact

The present paper focused on ad hoc networks with an emphasis on their dynamic nature. After an introduction to ad hoc networks, there are the AODV (Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector) routing protocol with the node malicious behaviour and consequent damages to ad hoc networks. Then, trust is described as one of the solutions for identifying secure routes when there are malicious nodes in the network. Accordingly, the paper focuses on the proposed solutions that are based on the parameter trust and the prevention of the impact of malicious networks and vulnerable connections to identify a secure route. Then, an equation is presented to calculate trust using packet forwarding rate to select a secure route for sending data packets. The proposed model was implemented on OMNET++ to evaluate the network performance. The feature of the proposed method is better performance than of the methods TVAODV and AODV. Using the proposed method, packet delivery rate increases more significantly when malicious nodes increases than that of the basic method AODV and TVAODV. There is thus a lower packet dropping rate.

scholarly journals Progressive AODV: A Routing Algorithm Intended for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Ad Hoc Routing ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile ad hoc networks are an independent wireless network that is built without permanent infrastructure and base station support. Each node in the network uses a wireless connection for connections and acts not only as an end system but also as a path to accelerating packets. Meanwhile, the network nodes are mobile and can move in each path with changing steps, creating a great dynamic of the network. Therefore, the protocols set for general ad hoc networks are inappropriate for such a situation. In addition, the performance of ad hoc routing protocols decreases with increasing network size. In this context, suggest a new way to extend the recital of routing in MANETs: the on-demand Progressive Distance Vector (PAODV). It is a modified variant of the standard AODV routing protocol, which shrinks the dynamic path when an optimal path exists and switches the traffic to it. Simulation studies with NS2 show that the proposed method improves network performance as network size, weight, or flexibility increase.

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