Social Engineering Techniques, Password Selection, and Health Care Legislation

2015 ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
B. Dawn Medlin ◽  
Joseph A. Cazier
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Health Care Records

Healthcare employees generally have access to view hospital patient's medical records. This access can be simply viewing their chart or reviewing information on a computer screen. With this type of accessibly, hospital employees have the opportunity to view diagnosis, personal medical histories, as well as demographic information such as age and gender. Social engineers can use methods such as familiarity with co-workers for instance to obtain this information from unsuspecting health care workers. In addition, weak password selection can provide opportunities for a wealth of information to be stolen. In this chapter, current security legislation that addresses the security of patient's health care records, social engineering tactics, and passwords are explored.

Abstract MP07: Rising Incidence and Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation from 2004 to 2013: A Community-Based Study Using Electronic Medical Records

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent Williams ◽  
Peter Berger
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Electronic Medical Records ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Large Health Care System

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia observed in clinical practice and is associated with an elevated risk of stroke and mortality. Evaluating community-level temporal trends in AF incidence and prevalence serve to describe the evolving public health and clinical burden of AF, however recent studies describing AF trends in community-based settings have been inconsistent, with no recent data evaluating trends among individuals under 65 years of age. Accordingly, this study sought to describe community-level trends in AF incidence and prevalence from 2004 to 2013 using the electronic medical records (EMR) of a single, large health care system. Methods: This study includes 329,634 patients receiving primary care and other health care services through the Geisinger Health System (Geisinger) over at least a two-year period. Geisinger consists of over 40 outpatient and seven inpatient facilities spread throughout central and northeastern Pennsylvania. Geisinger’s extensive EMR data repository contains information on demographics, vital signs, social history, diagnoses, medical history, problem lists, medications, procedures, laboratory results, and billing information from all Geisinger encounters since 2001. Incident and prevalent AF were identified by ICD-9 codes observed within any EMR domain. For incident AF, cases had no AF ICD-9 code in the EMR for at least two years prior to the diagnosis. Incidence and prevalence rates were age- and sex-adjusted to the 2010 US census and reported per 1000 person-years (persons). Stratified rates are reported across age groups (<45, 45-54, ¼, >85) and sex. Results: Age- and sex-adjusted AF incidence rates remained relatively stable from 2004 to 2008, but increased sharply thereafter. Incidence rates were 5.0, 5.2, and 8.4 cases per 1000 person-years in 2004, 2008, and 2013, respectively. The overall annual increase was 5.5% per year (95% CI: 4.8, 6.3%). Incidence rates increased significantly in all age and gender groups, with the largest relative increase observed among patients <45 years of age (annual increase in males: 10.8%, females: 11.6%). Prevalence rates increased consistently throughout the entire 10-year period from 23.5 to 39.2 AF cases per 1000 persons from 2004 to 2013 (6.0% annual increase; 95% CI: 5.7, 6.4%). Conclusions: AF incidence and prevalence have been increasing in the community over the last 10 years. Increases were observed in all age and gender groups, with notable increases in the very young. Prevailing trends may be attributable to increased application of AF diagnostics in an aging population and/or an increased clinical recognition of AF due to the recent availability of novel oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention. A mature EMR system functioning within a large health care system can be a powerful tool for performing epidemiologic studies and disease surveillance.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity of Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine in Vietnamese Health-Care Workers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Vinh Chau ◽  
Lam Anh Nguyet ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Truong ◽  
Le Mau Toan ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Dung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Age Range

We studied the immunogenicity of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine in health-care workers of a major infectious diseases hospital in Vietnam. We measured neutralizing antibodies before and 14 days after each dose, and at day 28 and month 3 after dose 1. A total of 554 workers (136 men and 418 women; age range, 22–71 years; median age, 36 years) participated with the study. Of the 144 participants selected for follow-up after dose 1, 104 and 94 gave blood for antibody measurement at weeks 6 and 8, and at month 3 after dose 1, respectively. The window time between the two doses was 6 weeks. At baseline, none had detectable neutralizing antibodies. After dose 1, the proportion of participants with detectable neutralizing antibodies increased from 27.3% (151 of 554) at day 14 to 78.0% (432 of 554) at day 28. Age correlated negatively with the development and the levels of neutralizing antibodies. However, at day 28, these differences were less profound, and women had a greater seroconversion rate and greater levels of neutralizing antibodies than men. After dose 2, these age and gender associations were not observable. In addition, the proportion of study participants with detectable neutralizing antibodies increased from 70.2% (73 of 104) before dose 2 (week 6, after dose 1) to 98.1% (102 of 104) 14 days later. At month 3, neutralizing antibodies decreased and 94.7% (89 of 94) of the study participants remained seropositive. The Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine is immunogenic in Vietnamese health-care workers. These data are critical to informing the deployment of the COVID-19 vaccine in Vietnam and in Southeast Asia, where vaccination coverage remains inadequate.

scholarly journals Social determinants of depression: association with age, gender and primary health care model

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J China
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Care Physician ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Primary Health Care Physician

Abstract Background Depression is one of the most common mental disorders worldwide and is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease. The social determinants of age, gender and access to a primary health care physician have been identified as significant determinants of variability in the prevalence of depression. This research evaluates the association between depression and these social determinants in the city of Almada, in Portugal. Methods This cross-sectional study reports the one-month prevalence (December, 2015) of depression and its association with age, gender and access to a primary health care doctor in Almada's primary health care population. Data was collected from the 'Information System of the Regional Health Administration' (SIARS) database. The diagnostic tools used for the identification of cases were the ICPC-2 codes 'P76: Depressive Disorder' and 'P03: Feeling Depressed'. An odds ratio was applied as an association measure. Results Regarding gender and age: women are more likely to develop depression than men (OR 3.21) and the age group of 40-64 years is more likely to develop depression compared with other age groups (OR 2.21). The odds of being affected by depression for patients with a permanent primary health care physician, compared with users without a permanent primary health care physician, are higher (OR 2.24). Conclusions The patterns of association of age and gender, uncovered in this dataset, are consistent with previously reported findings for other Western countries. The association between depression and the assignment of a permanent primary health care doctor is highly significant. This finding suggests the existence of a higher detection rate of depression in patients with a permanent doctor and adds weight to the need to implement health policies that guarantee a primary health care physician for each patient. Key messages The age and gender gap in depression calls for stronger public health and intersectoral strategies to promote and protect mental health, in community-based settings. Reducing barriers and enhancing access to high-quality primary medical care must be a cornerstone of mental health policies.

Aging, health expenditure, proximity to death, and income in Finland

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
UNTO HÄKKINEN ◽  
PEKKA MARTIKAINEN ◽  
ANJA NORO ◽  
ELINA NIHTILÄ ◽  
MIKKO PELTOLA
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Proximity To Death ◽  
Naive Model

AbstractThis study revisits the debate on the ‘red herring’, i.e. the claim that population aging will not have a significant impact on health care expenditure (HCE), using a Finnish data set. We decompose HCE into several components and include both survivors and deceased individuals into the analyses. We also compare the predictions of health expenditure based on a model that takes into account the proximity to death with the predictions of a naïve model, which includes only age and gender and their interactions. We extend our analysis to include income as an explanatory variable. According to our results, total expenditure on health care and care of elderly people increases with age but the relationship is not as clear as is usually assumed when a naïve model is used in health expenditure projections. Among individuals not in long-term care, we found a clear positive relationship between expenditure and age only for health centre and psychiatric inpatient care. In somatic care and prescribed drugs, the expenditure clearly decreased with age among deceased individuals. Our results emphasize that even in the future, health care expenditure might be driven more by changes in the propensity to move into long-term care and medical technology than age and gender alone, as often claimed in public discussion. We do not find any strong positive associations between income and expenditure for most non-LTC categories of health care utilization. Income was positively related to expenditure on prescribed medicines, in which cost-sharing between the state and the individual is relatively high. Overall, our results indicate that the future expenditure is more likely to be determined by health policy actions than inevitable trends in the demographic composition of the population.

scholarly journals Profile of Colorectal Tumor in Gastroentero-Hepatology Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Husin Thamrin ◽  
Khafidhotul Ilmiah ◽  
Ni Wajan Tirthaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Colorectal Tumor ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Colorectal cancer has became burden in the world.The latest study shows that colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and second most common cancer in women globally. There are difference characteristic of epidemiology in every countries. Moreover, there is no study that represents epidemiology of colorectal cancer in Indonesia yet, especially in East Java. The aim of this study was to describe colorectal tumor profile by age and gender in Gastroentero-Hepatology Center, Dr Soetomo Hospital. This study has received a certificate of Ethical Clearance No.273/Panke.KKE/IV/2015, a descriptive retrospective study. We collected data using medical records, and patients who have been colonoscopy examination and suspected colorectal tumor were included. There were 201 patients, divided to 100 males and 101 females. The peak of incidence was on 51-60 years old group, but on the 31-40 years old incidence of colorectal tumor was increased. The youngest patient was 17 years old. And tumors are more likely develop in distal area, especially in rectum. This study shows a different characteristic profile of colorectal tumor, where tumor is developed at young people and there is no significant difference between male and female for the incidence.

scholarly journals A message of the majority with scientific evidence encourages young people to show their prosocial nature in COVID-19 vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiko Tanaka ◽  
Tsuyoshi Nihonsugi ◽  
Fumio Ohtake ◽  
Masahiko Haruno
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Japanese People ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe most promising way to prevent the explosive spread of COVID-19 infection is to achieve herd immunity through vaccination. It is therefore important to motivate those who are less willing to be vaccinated. To address this issue, we conducted an online survey of 6232 Japanese people to investigate age- and gender-dependent differences in attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination and the underlying psychological processes. We asked participants to read one of nine different messages about COVID-19 vaccination and rate their willingness to be vaccinated. We also collected their 17 social personality trait scores and demographic information. We found that males 10–20 years old were least willing to be vaccinated. We also found that prosocial traits are the driving force for young people, but the motivation in older people also depends on risk aversion and self-interest. Furthermore, an analysis of 9 different messages demonstrated that for young people (particularly males), the message emphasizing the majority’s intention to vaccinate and scientific evidence for the safety of the vaccination had the strongest positive effect on the willingness to be vaccinated, suggesting that the “majority + scientific evidence” message nudges young people to show their prosocial nature in action.

Social Engineering Techniques and Password Security

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dawn Medlin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Password Security ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Actual Health

Due to the Internet and applications that can access the Internet, healthcare employees can benefit from the ability to view patient data almost anywhere and at any time. Data and information is also being shared among third party vendors, partners and supplies. With this type of accessibility of information which generally does include very personal information such as diagnosis and social security numbers, data can easily be obtained either through social engineering techniques or weak password usage. In this paper, a presentation of social engineering techniques is explored as well as the password practices of actual health care workers.

scholarly journals The problem of patients' aggression toward health care workers

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (53) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Direct Patient Care ◽  
Aggressive Behaviors ◽  
Physical Attack ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Violence In The Workplace

Introduction. Aggression and violence in the workplace have become an alarming problem worldwide. They result in disorders which affect both professional and social functioning of victims as well as their mental state. Nurses engaged in direct patient care are especially exposed to aggressive behaviors. Aim. The purpose of this study was to assess the exposure of health care workers to aggression. Material and Methodology. The study was carried out in 2014. It included 230 female and male nurses employed in psychiatric hospitals in the Lubuskie Province. This survey-based study was conducted using an original questionnaire “Exposure to aggression” developed at the Unit of Labor Psychology at Prof. J. Nofer Labor Medicine Institute in Łodź. Results. Some 99.1% of the surveyed faced patient aggression. Its most common form was verbal aggression (shouting – 99.1%). Forms of psychological aggression included: threats (92.2%), offending employees in the presence of their co-workers (89.1%), offending employees in the presence of other patients (87.8%) and blackmail (83.9%). Physical aggression was experienced by 49.1% and attempts of physical attack – 66.5% of the respondents. Education and gender of the surveyed had no statistically significant influence on the exposure to patient aggression. The factors having such influence were: seniority, workplace and age. Employees with the least professional experience and the youngest ones were the most frequent subject to patient aggression. A group at the highest risk of patients’ aggressive behaviors were workers of general psychiatric wards. Conclusion. Nurses employed at psychiatric wards experience various forms of patients’ aggressive behaviors. The most common form of aggression towards nurses is psychological aggression. The degree of exposure to patient aggression is related to workers’ age, workplace, and seniority. Neither education nor gender has an influence on the exposure to patient aggression.

scholarly journals The Structure of Data in Medical Records

1995 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Astrid
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Care Patient ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Outcome Analysis ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Paper Chart ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Paper Record ◽  
Computerized Patient Record

Abstract:With the growing complexity of health care, patient data are more and more in demand for purposes such as research, education, postmarketing surveillance, quality assessment, and outcome analysis. Many of these purposes require patient data to be available in a structured, electronic format. Despite the rapid advances in computer technology, which allow patient data to be organized, analyzed, and shared, the majority of physicians still use paper medical records. Apparently, most physicians still perceive the paper record as being more suitable for their task than present day computerized versions. Both the shortcomings and the strengths of paper medical records have been identified and it proves difficult to design a computerized medical record that exploits the strengths of computers without loosing the advantages of the paper chart. The structure of patient data is an area of high interest, since structure determines how physicians, other health care workers, and patients may benefit from these data. An overview of research efforts in structuring patient data will offer insight in the problems that still impede a widespread use of the computerized patient record in clinical practice.

Willingness to pay for improved water supplies in rural Ugandan villages

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Wright ◽  
Daya Muralidharan ◽  
Alex S. Mayer ◽  
William S. Breffle
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Bidding Process

The contingent valuation method was used to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for the operation and maintenance of an improved water source in the villages of Kigisu and Rubona in rural Uganda. The survey was conducted in August 2011 and administered to 122 households out of 400 in the community, gathering demographic information, health and water behaviors, and using an iterative bidding process to estimate WTP per 20 L for a public tap. The data were analyzed using an ordered probit model, which predicts monetary intervals for households' WTP. The model predicts a mean WTP of 356 Ugandan shillings (USD 0.183) per 20 L from a public tap. It was determined that the number of children in the home and the distance from the existing source are significant in influencing household's WTP, while income, age, and gender are not.

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