Are Shocks to Energy Consumption per capita in Turkey Permanent or Temporary?

2017 ◽  
pp. 248-259
Author(s):  
Yaşar Serhat Yaşgül ◽  
Burak Güriş ◽  
Burcu Yavuz Tiftikçigil
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Per Capita

Turkey achieved an average growth rate of five percent during 2003-2013. In the same period, annual average growth rate was four percent in primary energy consumption. This indicates the significance of energy consumption for economic growth. In this context, the energy sector is one of the most important areas in Turkey's national strategy documents. Geostrategic position of Turkey in terms of energy resources affects Turkey's energy policies and strategies. In this framework, the main purpose of the study is to analyze empirically the effects of shocks in the energy sector. In this context, the permanent or temporary effects of shocks on energy use were investigated for the period 1960-2012. According to the test results, shocks had permanent effects on the energy consumption in Turkey. Permanent effects of shocks on the energy use indicate the importance of strategic energy policies for Turkey.

Assessment of county-level poverty alleviation progress by deep learning and satellite observations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiang Zhang ◽  
Yanxiao Jiang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Alicia J Zhou ◽  
Jing Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
County Level ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Poverty alleviation is one of the greatest challenges faced by low-income and middle-income countries. China, which had the largest rural poverty-stricken population, has made tremendous efforts in alleviating poverty especially since the implementation of the targeted poverty alleviation (TPA) policy in 2014. Yet it remains unknown about the successfulness of the policy, because the official statistics are not timely available and in some cases questionable. This study combines deep learning with multiple satellite datasets to estimate county-level economic development from 2008 to 2019 and assess the effect of the TPA policy for 592 national poverty-stricken counties (NPCs) at country, provincial and county levels. Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is used to measure the affluence level. From 2014 through 2019, the 592 NPCs experience an average growth rate of per capita GDP at 7.6%±0.4%, higher than the average growth rate of 310 adjacent non-NPC counties (7.3%±0.4%) and of the whole country (6.3%). This indicates an overall success of TPA policy so far. We also reveal 42 counties with weak growth recently and that the average affluence level of the NPCs in 2019 is still much lower than the national or provincial averages. The inexpensive, timely and accurate method proposed here can be applied to other low-income and middle-income countries for affluence assessment.

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