Employment Protection Legislation and Unemployment in Botswana

2018 ◽  
pp. 157-191
Author(s):  
Happy Siphambe ◽  
Mavis Kolobe ◽  
Itumeleng Primrose Oageng
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Employment Creation ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Protection Legislation

Botswana has experienced phenomenon economic growth and structural transformation since independence. Despite the achievement in terms of economic growth, the country has had challenges with unemployment averaging 20% and being quite high for youth. The labour laws have changed over time to conform to international standards. The current changes have, however, not been positive in terms of labour relations with the transition from consultative system to collective bargaining almost forestalled. The labour movement has been quite weak. The labour laws have had mixed impact on employment and the labour market and employment creation. The chapter makes key recommendations on how Botswana's labour environment can be transformed based on international experience. Key recommendations are towards employment creation and improving the social dialogue space, especially for labour as the weaker party. This should go a long way in increasing labour productivity and dealing with the persistent problem of poor work ethic.

Employment Protection Legislation in Emerging Economies

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
Samir Amine ◽  
Wilner Predelus
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Employment Protection Legislation ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Labor Market Regulations

With emerging economies facing significant lags in the use of information technology to improve their productivity and compete with industrialized economies, the availability of relatively lower-cost labor in the emerging economies is considered a powerful asset that can compensate for their technological disadvantage. However, regulating the labor market often proves to be rather challenging as it is important that a balance be struck between protecting workers and stimulating economic growth. This chapter analyzes the literature on labor market regulations in the emerging economies to observe that the trade-off between employment protection legislation (EPL), job creation, productivity, and innovation often cited in the literature is not conclusive.

EXERCISE OF THE RIGHT TO WORK IN CONDITIONS OF ACTUAL GENDER INEQUALITY

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Krasiuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
International Standards ◽  
International Level ◽  
Social Attitude ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Right To Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right

The article is devoted to gender inequality in the world of work, which is not the least important issue. It examines the problems of developing measures to prevent gender discrimination. Recently, there has been considerable activity in the development of provisions in legislation to prevent such inequality and to address the above-mentioned problems. However, the question remains as to how to realize these declared opportunities and rights in labour relations. In practice, a different situation can be observed. Women are less likely than men to be employed in high-paying jobs and to be promoted. Most employers continue to give preference to men because of the risk of women interrupting their working and losing their qualifications due to childbirth or caring for them in the event of illness. Women are the first to be fired when redundancies occur and are forced to seek employment in the informal sector of the economy, to perform low-status, low-paid jobs without the social guarantees laid down by the State or to seek employment abroad, exposed and humiliated while neglecting and educating their children [1]. Gender equality is a central indicator of the development of each country. In order to deal with some of the issuesrelated to gender inequality in employment in this article, taking into account international experience and recommendations, the following possible ways to address this issue were identified, such as the specification and increase of offences, imposition of forced measures in case of violation of the principle of non-discrimination based on gender. Gender inequality has also been recognized at the international level. The article analyses international standards and recommendations and identifies ways to address this issue in selected European countries. Changes in the regulation of gender relations are taking place through the introduction of state programmes to cope with gender inequality. Unfortunately, most of the provisions of these programmes are declarative. Gender inequality and socio-economic and political discrimination against women cannot be addressed by State reforms alone. A change in social attitude and the achievement of a balance between guaranteeing, and ensuring benefits may lead to the elimination of discrimination in the labour market.

Slovenian labour market policies under austerity: narrowing the gap between the well- and the less well‑protected in the labour market?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroljub Ignjatović ◽  
Maša Filipovič Hrast
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Employment Protection Legislation ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Market Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
The Unemployed

The economic crisis stimulated several reforms of the Slovenian labour market. In this chapter we present the major labour market policy changes, with emphasis on the period after 2010. These changes are also presented in relation to the retrenchment/expansion of policies, the adoption of activation and flexicurity, and their consequences for the living standards of the most vulnerable groups. The objective of labour market changes seems to be to increase flexibility and to implement activation (and social investment) more fully, as well as to improve the position of the most vulnerable groups on the labour market. Despite that, retrenchment has also been evident. The changes in labour regulations in 2014 reduced the employment protection legislation index for regular contracts, and the cuts in unemployment benefits, along with the changes in the social security system, have affected the unemployed, who remain among the groups most at risk of poverty.

Economic, social and cultural rights and their dependence on the economic growth paradigm: Evidence from the ICESCR system

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Matthias Petel ◽  
Norman Vander Putten
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Employment Creation ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
The Social

In light of the expanding critical academic literature on the social and ecological limits to a growth-based paradigm, this article investigates the ties between economic, social and cultural rights (ESC rights) and economic growth in the case law of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR). It shows that the CESCR assumes economic growth to generally improve the realisation of ESC rights because it increases States’ financial capacity and leads to employment creation. However, while the Committee deems that growth models should be inclusive, the CESCR never adopts a critical perspective on the possibility or desirability to pursue economic growth indefinitely. Despite recent evidence on the contested possibility to decouple economic activity from resource use, the Committee’s recent ecological turn remains embedded in the growth paradigm. This article argues that the Committee should advocate towards decreasing the dependence of ESC rights on growth, especially when a State has reached a certain level of affluence.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF SOCIAL AND LABOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Oksana Petrashchak ◽  
Andrii Kobrynskiy
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Local

Introduction. World experience shows that social and labour relations always serve as an indicator of the effectiveness of social and economic reforms in any country. In addition, social and labour relations can be determined as an important factor in labour productivity, quality of life and personal development. There are needs for progressive changes in the state of social and labour relations, the search for opportunities for their modernization without social and economic losses and destruction at every stage of society's development. Purpose. The article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of management of social and labour relations in Ukraine in order to deepen the practical principles for ensuring progressive qualitative changes in the development of social and labour relations in entrepreneurial activity to increase the efficiency of such relations adequately according to the task of modernizing the economy. Method (methodology). The following methods have been used in the research: graphical and analytical method (to illustrate the investigated processes), qualimetric method (to improve the evaluation system of social and labour relations) and economic and mathematical method (to assess the state of industrial relations in the article). Results. The state and local authorities’ investment in the development of human capital is evidence of regulation of social and labour relations. Decrease of the share of spending on education, health, moral and physical development is a testament of a reduction in the regulation of the sphere of social and labour relations from the state corresponding to the decentralization reform. At the same time, a significant share of social security and welfare (25-28%) leads many employees to question the importance of employment in the formal sector and the role of labour as the main source of income for working people. The social responsibility of the state and business should provide the creation of productive jobs secured by competitive wages and favourable working conditions. The number of enterprises where strikes took place has grown up. This fact is an evidence of the formation of environment for the social dialogue. The results of the study showed that a widespread combination of social and labour relations in the form of a combination of «restrained authoritarian paternalism» with elements of social partnership exists in Ukraine.

scholarly journals HOW DO NEW EU MEMBER STATES COMPLY WITH THE FLEXICURITY CONCEPT?

Ekonomika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Laporšek ◽  
Primož Dolenc
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The paper analyses the state of implementation of flexicurity policy components in the NMS and, by using panel regression analysis, estimates the impact of employment protection legislation, expenditures for active employment policies, participation in lifelong learning and net replacement rate on labour productivity and on long-term unemployment. The empirical analysis has shown that the labour markets in the NMS, on the overall, are not more rigid as compared to the EU-15; however, problematic remains low expenditure on active labour market policies, education and social protection, and the low participation in lifelong learning. NMS must, according to the results of the panel linear regression, improve their performance in the mentioned areas in order to improve their labour productivity and decrease long-term unemployment.Key words: flexicurity, labour market, labour productivity, long-term unemployment, European Union

Labour Market Regulations and In-formalisation of Migrant Worker: Evidence from Indian Manufacturing Sector

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Ahmad Sofi ◽  
Mohd Imran Khan ◽  
Mohd Hussain Kunroo ◽  
Abdul Qayoom Khachoo
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Migrant Labour ◽  
The Social ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Indian Manufacturing Sector

AbstractIndia is considered as one of the countries with a stringent body of labour laws. Though there is no lack of pro-worker employment protection legislation (EPL) and contract labour laws, the vulnerabilities of workers seem to be increasing rapidly in this neo-liberal phase of the global economy. Over the past two decades, there has been a rising trajectory of in-formalisation even in the organised manufacturing sector. Under this backdrop, we study the in-formalisation of migrant labour and try to find out whether EPL does protect the interests of migrant workers. We found that in-formalisation of migrant workers are higher in the states with relatively stringent labour laws. The finding of our econometric analysis indicates that informal migrant labour is used to evade the social security provisions laid down under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 among other legislation. Since informal workers fall outside the purview of most of the pro-workers labour laws, the trajectory of in-formalisation is likely to have serious repercussions on the welfare of workers especially that of migrants. Migrant labour, which occupies a substantive role in the contemporary labour markets, must be brought into an apt regulatory framework to address its vulnerabilities.

The Economy of France in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries: Market Opportunity and Labour Productivity in Languedoc

Rural History ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
STEPHEN J. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Market Opportunity ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Urban Markets ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

AbstractRecent scholarship makes the case that from the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries, French peasants were just as effective as the large farmers of England in raising agricultural productivity when they had access to urban markets. This article shows that the peasants of the old regime province of Languedoc had access to urban demand and market opportunities, and brought about economic growth, but only by dint of massive increases of labour inputs. The results were paltry increases in labour productivity and the standard of living. The case of Languedoc demonstrates that the study of the social context helps scholars evaluate a society's potential for economic development far more than does the study of its markets.

The Effects of Employment Protection legislationon Personnel Policies: A Review of Theoretical Modelsand Empirical results

2014 ◽  
pp. 126-140
Author(s):  
O. Mironenko
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Labour Contracts ◽  
Hiring And Firing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Personnel Policies

Employers incur costs while fulfilling the requirements of employment protection legislation. The article contains a review of the core theoretical models and empirical results concerning the impact of these costs on firms’ practices in hiring, firing, training and remuneration. Overall, if wages are flexible or enforcement is weak, employment protection does not significantly influence employers’ behavior. Otherwise, stringent employment protection results in the reduction of hiring and firing rates, changes in personnel selection criteria, types of labour contracts and dismissal procedures, and, in some cases, it may lead to the growth of wages and firms’ investments to human capital.

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