Neurocognitive Mechanisms for Detecting Early Phase of Depressive Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-198
Author(s):  
Shashikanta Tarai
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Electrophysiological Findings ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Stroop Tasks

This chapter discusses neurocognitive mechanisms in terms of latency and amplitudes of EEG signals in depression that are presented in the form of event-related potentials (ERPs). Reviewing the available literature on depression, this chapter classifies early P100, ERN, N100, N170, P200, N200, and late P300 ERP components in frontal, mid-frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. Using auditory oddball paradigm, most of the studies testing depressive patients have found robust P300 amplitude reduction. Proposing EEG methods and summarizing behavioral, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological findings, this chapter discusses how the different tasks, paradigms, and stimuli contribute to the cohesiveness of neural signatures and psychobiological markers for identifying the patients with depression. Existing research gaps are directed to conduct ERP studies following go/no-go, flanker interference, and Stroop tasks on global and local attentional stimuli associated with happy and sad emotions to examine anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) dysfunction in depression.

Comparison of attentional resource allocation to threat and selfrelevant information: An event-related potentials study

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Guan Wang ◽  
Yuting Liu ◽  
Yuan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Attentional Resource ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Information Type

Although previous researchers have shown that attention is preferentially allocated during situations involving both threat and selfrelevant information, it is unclear which information type requires more cognitive resources. We compared the automatic processing of threat and self-relevant stimuli using the no-report oddball paradigm. Participants looked at images on a computer screen that displayed fighting with opponents or interacting with friends or customers. The body action of the person depicted was performed either toward the viewing participant or toward other people. Participants watched without making an explicit response, and event-related potentials were measured with electroencephalography. We found that threat (vs. selfrelevant) information elicited a larger P300 amplitude, and for nonthreatening events the P300 amplitude was larger for self-relevant than other-relevant stimuli. These results indicate that threat (vs. selfrelevant) information demands more cognitive resources, possibly because people prioritize survival.

Inter- and Intra-hemispheric Processing of Visual Event-related Potentials in the Absence of the Corpus Callosum

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Bayard ◽  
Nadia Gosselin ◽  
Manon Robert ◽  
Maryse Lassonde
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Anterior Commissure ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Interhemispheric Transfer ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Hemispheric Differences ◽  
Visual Hemifield ◽  
Related Potentials

Interhemispheric differences of the N100 latency in visual evoked potentials have been used to estimate interhemispheric transfer time (e.g., Saron & Davidson, 1989). Recent work has also suggested that the P300 component could reflect the efficacy of interhemispheric transmission (Polich & Hoffman, 1998). The purpose of the present study was to study the differential role of the corpus callosum (CC) and anterior commissure (AC) in the interhemispheric propagation of these two electrophysiological components. Thus, the amplitude and latency distribution of the N100 and P300 components were analyzed using high-density electrical mapping in a subject with agenesis of CC but preservation of AC, a subject with agenesis of both CC and AC, and 10 neurologically intact control subjects. The task consisted of a modified visual oddball paradigm comprising one frequent and two rare stimuli, one presented on the same and the other on the opposite side of the frequent stimulus. Interhemispheric differences in latency were found for the N100 component in controls. However, in the acallosal subjects, this component was not identifiable in the indirectly stimulated hemisphere. In controls, no interhemispheric differences were observed in the distribution of the P300 latency and amplitude to rare and frequent stimuli. The distribution of the P300 amplitude in the acallosal subject with an AC was identical to that of the controls, whereas in the acallosal subject lacking the AC, the amplitude was greater in the hemisphere receiving the frequent stimuli, regardless of the visual hemifield in which the rare stimuli were presented. In both acallosal subjects, hemispheric differences in the P300 latency were observed, the latencies being shorter in the hemisphere directly stimulated for all categories of stimuli. These results suggest that the interhemispheric transfer of both the N100 and P300 components relies on the integrity of cortical commissures. Possible P300 generator sources are discussed.

scholarly journals Topographic Mapping of P300 and Frontal Cognitive Function in Parkinson’s Disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutsumi Iijima ◽  
Mikio Osawa ◽  
Makoto Iwata ◽  
Akiko Miyazaki ◽  
Hideaki Tei
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Related Potentials

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between P300 that is one of the event-related potentials and frontal cognitive functions in Parkinson’s disease (PD) without clinically apparent dementia.Subjects were 20 PD cases 48 to 79 years of age, all of whom were within normal limits on the Mini-Mental State examination, and 55 age-matched healthy adults.P300 was elicited with an auditory oddball paradigm and recorded at 15 sites on the scalp. Cognitive functioning of the frontal lobe was evaluated using the New Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Letter Pick-Out Test (LPOT) which reflects selective attention and semantic categorization.P300 latency was delayed in 30.0% of P300 demonstrated abnormal distribution in 20.0%. the WCST and the LPOT were abnormal in 15.0%, P300 latency significantly correlated with number of subcategories achieved on the WCST. P300 amplitude correlated with scores on the LPOT. These results suggest that cognitive dysfunction which linked partly to the frontal lobe might begin in PD even without clinically apparent dementia.

Cognitive Psychophysiological Substrates of Affective Temperaments

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burç Çağrı Poyraz ◽  
Ayşe Sakallı Kani ◽  
Cana Aksoy Poyraz ◽  
Tuba Öcek Baş ◽  
Mehmet Kemal Arıkan
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Affective Temperaments ◽  
Related Potentials

Affective temperaments are the subclinical manifestations or phenotypes of mood states and hypothetically represent one healthy end of the mood disorder spectrum. However, there is a scarcity of studies investigating the neurobiological basis of affective temperaments. One fundamental aspect of temperament is the behavioral reactivity to environmental stimuli, which can be effectively evaluated by use of cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) reflecting the diversity of information processing. The aim of the present study is to explore the associations between P300 and the affective temperamental traits in healthy individuals. We recorded the P300 ERP waves using an auditory oddball paradigm in 50 medical student volunteers (23 females, 27 males). Participants’ affective temperaments were evaluated using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego–auto questionnaire version (TEMPS-A). In bivariate analyses, depressive temperament score was significantly correlated with P300 latency ( rs = 0.37, P < .01). In a multiple linear regression analysis, P300 latency showed a significant positive correlation with scores of depressive temperament (β = 0.40, P < .01) and a significant negative one with scores of cyclothymic temperament (β = −0.29, P = .03). Affective temperament scores were not associated with P300 amplitude and reaction times. These results indicate that affective temperaments are related to information processing in the brain. Depressive temperament may be characterized by decreased physiological arousal and slower information processing, while the opposite was observed for cyclothymic temperament.

Event-related potentials elicited by non-target tones in an auditory oddball paradigm in schizophrenia

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Higashima ◽  
Tatsuya Nagasawa ◽  
Yasuhiro Kawasaki ◽  
Takashi Oka ◽  
Naoto Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Oddball Paradigm

scholarly journals Is cognitive processing affected in adults with hypospadias?: P300 study

Open Medicine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Tekeli ◽  
Hasan Koçoğlu ◽  
Cabir Alan ◽  
Mustafa Emir Tavşanlı ◽  
Halit Yaşar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractBackground: Hypospadias is a common urogenital system disorder. The frenulum, which is the most sensitive area of the glans penis, is not present in patients with hypospadias. This may lead to a failure in sexual and ejaculatory function, and cause emotional problems affecting cognitive processes.Aim: We aimed to study auditory Event Related Potentials (ERP) in patients with hypospadias to understand the status of cognitive function.Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients with hypospadias who presented to the Urology Outpatient Clinic of Çanakkale Military Hospital, and 11 healthy individuals of similar age were chosen. The auditory oddball paradigm with ERP from the Cz and Fz head regions were studied. The latency and amplitude of the P300 wave were measured.Results: Both, the study and control groups consisted of young males. Although the study group had a longer P300 latency and lower P300 amplitude when compared to control group, the results were not statistically significant (p: 0.059 and 0.346 respectively).Conclusion: Although the results are not statistically significant, our findings indicate that there may be cognitive changes in patients with hypospadias. Further studies of larger sample size and older patient cohorts are needed.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term habituation of auditory event-related potentials in the rat

F1000Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Kestutis Gurevicius ◽  
Arto Lipponen ◽  
Rimante Minkeviciene ◽  
Heikki Tanila
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Standard Stimulus ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Related Potentials

An auditory oddball paradigm in humans generates a long-duration cortical negative potential, often referred to as mismatch negativity. Similar negativity has been documented in monkeys and cats, but it is controversial whether mismatch negativity also exists in awake rodents. To this end, we recorded cortical and hippocampal evoked responses in rats during alert immobility under a typical passive oddball paradigm that yields mismatch negativity in humans. The standard stimulus was a 9 kHz tone and the deviant either 7 or 11 kHz tone in the first condition. We found no evidence of a sustained potential shift when comparing evoked responses to standard and deviant stimuli. Instead, we found repetition-induced attenuation of the P60 component of the combined evoked response in the cortex, but not in the hippocampus. The attenuation extended over three days of recording and disappeared after 20 intervening days of rest. Reversal of the standard and deviant tones resulted is a robust enhancement of the N40 component not only in the cortex but also in the hippocampus. Responses to standard and deviant stimuli were affected similarly. Finally, we tested the effect of scopolamine in this paradigm. Scopolamine attenuated cortical N40 and P60 as well as hippocampal P60 components, but had no specific effect on the deviant response. We conclude that in an oddball paradigm the rat demonstrates repetition-induced attenuation of mid-latency responses, which resembles attenuation of the N1-component of human auditory evoked potential, but no mismatch negativity.

Effects of chronic antipsychotic treatment on neurophysiological correlates of the auditory oddball task in schizophrenia: A preliminary report from a multicentre study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S192-S192
Author(s):  
G. Di Lorenzo ◽  
A. Mucci ◽  
A. Vignapiano ◽  
G. Giordano ◽  
F. Ferrentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Oddball Task

IntroductionThe effects of chronic antipsychotic administration on the human brain are debated. In particular, first-generation (FGAs) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) seem to have different impacts on brain function and structure in subjects with schizophrenia. Few studies have investigated the effect of chronic administration of FGAs and SGAs on indices of brain function, such as event-related potentials (ERP) or neuropsychological performance.ObjectivesWithin the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses study, subjects stabilized on FGAs or SGAs were compared on P300, an ERP component, thought to reflect attention, working memory and context integration and on neurocognitive indices.MethodsERPs were recorded in 110 chronic, stabilized patients with Schizophrenia (28 used FGAs) during a standard auditory oddball task. P300 latency and amplitude were assessed at Pz channel. MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used for cognitive assessment.ResultsCompared with the SGAs group, patients on FGAs showed significant increased P300 latency (P = 0.003; Cohen's d = 0.67) and significant decreased P300 amplitudes (P = 0.023; Cohen's d = 0.38). The two groups did not differ on psychopathology and MCCB scores. Multiple linear regressions revealed that “FGAs vs. SGAs” (β = 0.298, P = 0.002) and MCCB neurocognitive composite T-score (β = –0.273, P = 0.004) were independent predictors of P300 latency, whereas only age (β = –0.220, P = 0.027) was an independent predictor of P300 amplitude.ConclusionsFGAs seem to affect the functional brain activity more than SGAs, particularly slowing cortical processing. Our results suggest that discrepant findings concerning P300 latency in schizophrenia might be related to the type of antipsychotic treatment used. Longitudinal studies are needed to further address this issue.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Event-related potentials elicited by distractors in an auditory oddball paradigm in schizophrenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleš Kogoj ◽  
Zvezdan Pirtošek ◽  
Martina Tomori ◽  
David B. Vodušek
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Oddball Paradigm
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