Insights From a Romanian Public Sector Innovation Lab on How to Build Urban Resilience in the Face of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Anamaria Vrabie ◽  
Monica Dudian
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
City Life ◽  
Public Sector Innovation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
The Face

The COVID-19 pandemic has added an unforeseen layer of adversity to city life, refocusing the attention of local governments on urban resilience. This article discusses the innovative design proposed by a Romanian public sector innovation lab: a multi-fold qualitative approach that collects coping strategies from a wide range of local stakeholders and works towards understanding how they can be transformed in sustainable practices for crisis moments. It also provides interim lessons learned from designing the intervention.

Special Issue on Volcanic Disasters

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshitsutgu Fujii ◽  
◽  
Kazuhiro Ishihara
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Volcanic Hazards ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Practical Trial

The volcanic disasters are quite variable depending on the nature of the volcanic eruptions, the degrees of land-use surrounding the volcanic areas and preparedness against the eruptions. In order to mitigate the volcanic disasters, therefore, multidisciplinary approach is required. The International Volcanic Conference, ``Cities on Volcanoes 5," held in Shimabara Japan on the November 19-23, 2007 encouraged a wide range of people who are engaged in the volcanic disaster mitigation to gather to discuss topics related to volcanic eruptions and their hazards. The aim of this conference was to evaluate and improve mitigation measures, emergency management, and all required to successfully confront volcanic crises in densely populated area and to recover from any devastation. As the main topics discussed during the conference is quite adequate for the aim of this journal, this special issue tried to include papers read at the conference as many as possible. For the mitigation of the volcanic disasters, several different approaches should be included. Volcano monitoring through observation is the basis for most eruption forecasts and other measures for volcanic disaster mitigation. Impacts on human health and sustainability in volcanic areas in the fields of air and water pollution are also important issues to be included in the management of volcanic hazards. The practical lessons learned through the case histories of actual events should be shared to prepare for and respond to volcano crises that may affect communities. Hiroaki Takahashi proposes a method to estimate the real-time eruption magnitude that might be utilized to judge the duration of eruption in the early stage of eruption. Yoshikazu Kikawada et al. summarize arsenic pollution of rivers originated from the Kusatsu volcanic region. Tsuneomi Kagiyama and Yuichi Morita discuss the strategy to understand the preparing process of caldera forming eruption as a first step to assess the risk of gigantic eruption. Hiroshi Ikeya describes the prevention works executed by the central and local governments during and after the Mt. Unzen 1990-1995 eruption. Harry J. R. Keys summarizes the aspects of risk assessment and mitigation for a dome-break lahar that was predicted in 1995 and actually occurred on 18 March 2007 at Ruapehu volcano. Yoichi Nakamura et al. describe the mitigation systems on volcanic disasters in Japan emphasizing the importance of preparing hazard maps. We know the topics covered by this special issue do not represent the wide-ranging aspect of the conference, but include some significant portion. We hope that this special issue will be utilized to share the lessons learned through the practical trial to mitigate the actual disasters during the volcanic crisis.

scholarly journals Case Studies of Public Sector Innovation in Increasing Local Tax Compliance

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Pratiwi Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Public Sector Innovation ◽  
Human Resource Training ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

Public sector innovation (PSI) is important driving factor of economic development. Tax is one of the drivers of economic development as 70% of national expenditure are covered by tax revenue. However, the tax revenue ratio towards the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Indonesia is less than 13% and is the lowest among Southeast Asian economies. This study describes two case studies in local governments on increasing the awareness of the citizens to pay tax. This study focuses on innovation process, the knowledge flow, supporting conditions and challenges in implementing the innovations. By employing case study method, this study suggests acknowledgement, human resource training, multi-stakeholder partnership, and bottomp-up approach have stimulated innovativeness of public organizations. 

Decentralization and Sub-National Government in Poland

2016 ◽  
pp. 91-112
Author(s):  
Jolanta Gałuszka
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Financial Autonomy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Local Public Debt ◽  
Silent Revolution ◽  
Political Economic

During the past two decades, decentralization as a silent revolution in public sector governance has generated a keen interest in a large number of countries including Poland. However, this notion is very difficult to define as it refers to a wide range of institutional arrangements on the political, economic and social levels. There are many good reasons why allocating fiscal resources and budget transfers among levels of government must come after a strict assignment of spending powers. The aim of this chapter is to point out the basic characteristics of financing system of local government in Poland. The chapter examines the structure of local revenues and the problem of financial autonomy. The research shows that the Polish public sector is already considerably decentralised, however the level of financial autonomy of local governments is low and the local revenues are unable to cover expenditures. Thus, the amounts of local public debt keep expanding. Though a system of equalizing grants was introduced to diminish horizontal fiscal imbalances, its' efficacy is still limited.

scholarly journals INFLUENCING FACTORS OF INNOVATION IN SURAKARTA CITY GOVERNMENT, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-257
Author(s):  
Perdani Budiarti Hayuningtyas ◽  
Jun Matsunami ◽  
Bakti Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Visionary Leadership ◽  
City Government ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Public Sector Innovation ◽  
Bureaucratic Reform

After the fall of the New Order regime in 1998, Indonesia changed from a centralized government system to decentralization. By the issuance of Grand Design of Bureaucratic Reform Year 2010-2025 in 2010, public sector innovation cannot be neglected due to the needs for new, innovative, adaptive, and entrepreneurial approaches to bureaucratic reform. Many innovations have been produced in local government to improve their performance. Surakarta City Government is recognized as an innovative city, produce innovative programs, often become examples of good practice in public sector innovation, and appointed as Innovation Laboratory in 2017. This study aims to describe public sector innovation in Surakarta City Government and what factors influencing it. The study was conducted using qualitative research methods with a case study approach and collecting data from interviews and document analysis. The findings of this study reveal that most of the public sector innovation in Surakarta City are ICT based innovation and provides benefits in improving the performance of local governments. Even though there is shifting leadership, the visionary leadership supported by upper-middle managers still plays a crucial role in encouraging innovation in local government, followed by supportive regulations from both central and local government, as well as participation and strong cooperation between sectors. Further, this study draws some recommendations to create an integrated policy to strengthened, evaluate, and maintain the sustainability of public sector innovation in the local government. The local government may provide opportunities to collaborate with NGOs to create public sector innovation.

The Relevance of Energy Service Contracts in the Budget Sphere

2018 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
George V. Boos ◽  
Elena Yu. Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Service Contracts ◽  
The Face ◽  
Energy Service ◽  
The Russian Federation

The problematic aspects related to the implementation of energy saving policy in the budget sphere are examined in the article. The factors hindering the mass and effective implementation of energysaving measures are highlighted in the article. Among these factors, there is the technical complexity of energysaving projects, the presence of innovative and investment risks, problems with the financial provision of costs in the face of increasing debt burden in most public budgets. The article concludes that in these circumstances only the energy service contract is a tool that allows implementing energy­saving measures without the first participation of budgetary funds in financing and allows transferring the risks of making technically inefficient decisions directly to the investor. In the article, the authors substantiate the importance of the institutional development of energy services directly in the public sector and analyze the measures of the comprehensive plan to improve the energy efficiency of the economy of the Russian Federation aimed at expanding the scope of energy service contracts in the public sector.

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