Business Models of Sustainable Open Educational Resources (OER)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Shouhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Faculty Member ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Open Educational Resources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Faculty Member ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Level

This article conceptualizes four business models for sustainable open education resources (OER) at four levels: the social level, the education institutional level, the OER community level, and the individual faculty member level. The business model at each of the four levels has its application realm. At the social level, social benefits of OER are the central motivation of the OER movement. At the institutional level, education institutions are facing challenges of student enrollment increase. At the OER community operational level, communities of practice must be established. At the individual faculty member level, the key players of OER must take effective actions for OER. Sustainable OER can be achieved only when the stakeholders at the four levels collaborate towards the common objective of sustainable value creation. The comprehensive set of business models can be used for all parties involved in OER to define and implement strategies for sustainable OER. The article also provides recommendations for future research into tests of the conceptualized business models for sustainable OER.

Business Models of Sustainable Open Educational Resources (OER)

2021 ◽  
pp. 579-594
Author(s):  
Shouhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Faculty Member ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sustainable Value ◽  
Individual Faculty Member ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Open Education Resources ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Level

This article conceptualizes four business models for sustainable open education resources (OER) at four levels: the social level, the education institutional level, the OER community level, and the individual faculty member level. The business model at each of the four levels has its application realm. At the social level, social benefits of OER are the central motivation of the OER movement. At the institutional level, education institutions are facing challenges of student enrollment increase. At the OER community operational level, communities of practice must be established. At the individual faculty member level, the key players of OER must take effective actions for OER. Sustainable OER can be achieved only when the stakeholders at the four levels collaborate towards the common objective of sustainable value creation. The comprehensive set of business models can be used for all parties involved in OER to define and implement strategies for sustainable OER. The article also provides recommendations for future research into tests of the conceptualized business models for sustainable OER.

The Subjective Present and Its Modulation in Clinical Contexts

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Tschacher ◽  
Fabian Ramseyer ◽  
Claudia Bergomi
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Grouping ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Implicit Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gestalt Perception ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Techniques ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

Time is a basic dimension in psychology, underlying behavior and experience. Timing and time perception constitute implicit processes that are often inaccessible to the individual person. Research in this field has shown that timing is involved in many areas of clinical significance. In the projects presented here, we combine timing with seemingly different fields of research, such as psychopathology, perceptual grouping, and embodied cognition. Focusing on the time scale of the subjective present, we report findings from three different clinical studies: (1) We studied perceived causality in schizophrenia patients, finding that perceptual grouping (‘binding’, ‘Gestalt formation’), which leads to visual causality perceptions, did not distinguish between patients and healthy controls. Patients however did integrate context (provided by the temporal distribution of auditory context stimuli) less into perceptions, in significant contrast to controls. This is consistent with reports of higher inaccuracy in schizophrenia patients’ temporal processing. (2) In a project on auditory Gestalt perception we investigated auditory perceptual grouping in schizophrenia patients. The mean dwell time was positively related to how much patients were prone to auditory hallucinations. Dwell times of auditory Gestalts may be regarded as operationalizations of the subjective present; findings thus suggested that patients with hallucinations had a shorter present. (3) The movement correlations of interacting individuals were used to study the non-verbal synchrony between therapist and patient in psychotherapy sessions. We operationalized the duration of an embodied ‘social present’ by the statistical significance of such associations, finding a window of roughly 5.7 seconds in conversing dyads. We discuss that temporal scales of nowness may be modifiable, e.g., by mindfulness. This yields promising goals for future research on timing in the clinical context: psychotherapeutic techniques may alter binding processes, hence the subjective present of individuals, and may affect the social present in therapeutic interactions.

Strategies for influencing parental decisions on food purchasing

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Marquis
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Consumer Socialization ◽  
Food Purchasing ◽  
Persuasive Strategies ◽  
Social Motivations ◽  
Parental Decisions ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Individual

In 2002, Story et al. proposed an ecological model for understanding the individual and environmental factors that influence young consumers’ eating behaviors. The theoretical framework suggests that eating behavior is a function of four levels of influence: individual, interpersonal, environmental and societal. The objective of the study is to explore how these levels of influence may explain strategies used by ten‐year‐old children to influence parental decisions on food purchasing. A self‐administered questionnaire was filled out by children. Gender differences were observed in terms of eating environment, social motivations to select foods and use of specific persuasive strategies. The results obtained contribute to our knowledge on interpersonal influences on children’s consumer behavior and on individual differences in consumer socialization. Practical implications are presented and recommendations for future research are made.

L'identité Wallonne saisie par l'enquête : Une approche constructiviste de l'identité collective

Res Publica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 343-359
Author(s):  
Marc Jacquemain ◽  
René Doutrelepont ◽  
Michel Vandekeere
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Level

At first view, the methodology of survey research may seem rather unsuitable to the study of such "holistic" phenomena as collective and social identities.  That difficulty vanishes - at least partly - as soon as we consider social identity as the link between the individual and his belongings, as does the "social identity theory", developed from the work of Taffel and Turner.  From there on, survey research may prove to be a useful device to cope with some main characteristics of social identity: mainly its variability among groups and classes within a same society and its particular sensitivity to socio-political contexts.  Survey research, combined with the social identity theory may help to test historical assumptions at a macro-social level. It may also give some ''flesh" and some additional realism to the micro-theories of social behaviour, which are too often limited by their conception of a strictly rational and interested agent.

Sources of Stability and Instability in Rural Thai Society

1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Piker
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Complete Reduction ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Stability And Instability ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Social Arrangements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Social Level

Ongoing cultures, by virtue of the personalities they produce and the social arrangements they embody, create tensions or strains for their individual members; and they provide as well for the institutionalized expression and alleviation, if not complete reduction, of these tensions in culturally approved channels. In this view, cultural stability refers not to the absence of persisting conflict on the individual or social level; but rather to a high degree of complementarity between institutionalized sources of strain or conflict for the individual, and institutionalized arrangements for tension reduction or expression. This conception of stability does not assume that all relatively stable cultures are equally productive of psychological well-being, even assuming this nebulous condition could be specified. Nor does it assert that all stable cultures are equally adaptive in the face of external pressures. It does imply, however, that sources of conflict and channels for its expression will be sufficiently balanced to insure perpetuation of culturally standardized social arrangements and beliefs over many generations.

Organizational knowledge retention and knowledge loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadège Levallet ◽  
Yolande E. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Retention ◽  
Organizational Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Loss ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
Social Level

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effectiveness of organizational information technology (IT)-based and non-IT-based knowledge transfer mechanisms (KTMs) for the retention of different types of knowledge from mobile experts. It differentiates among four types of knowledge loss (KL), namely, conscious knowledge (i.e. individual explicit knowledge that can be codified); codified knowledge (i.e. explicit knowledge captured at the social level); automatic knowledge (i.e. implicit individual knowledge); and collective knowledge (i.e. implicit knowledge embedded in the organization).Design/methodology/approachA research framework connecting the organizational knowledge retention (KR) cycle to KL is developed and an exploratory analysis is conducted using data from two case studies in the Canadian federal public service. Findings are confirmed using a third government agency.FindingsWithout the right processes in place for organizational knowledge retrieval and reuse, the KR cycle is not complete, leading to KL. The lack of available social KTMs for the conversion of individual to social objectified knowledge leads to KL. KTMs shortcomings increase the risk of automatic and objectified KL.Research limitations/implicationsExploratory results demonstrate that KL does not always equate to lack of KR. Implementing knowledge-specific organizational KTMs is important to encourage the retention of individual knowledge at the social level. Propositions and a framework are developed for future research.Practical implicationsMobile experts hold valuable knowledge at high risk of being lost by organizations. This paper provides managers with a set of guidelines to develop a knowledge-specific strategy focused on KTMs that increase KR and mitigate KL.Originality/valueThis paper challenges the assumption that KL only results from poor retention and studies both retention and loss to identify additional types of unintentional loss that occur when individual knowledge is not converted to social knowledge.

scholarly journals From self-tracking to smart urban infrastructures: towards an interdisciplinary research agenda on Big Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco R Klauser ◽  
Anders Albrechtslund
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Individual Use ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Automated Software

Recent debates on surveillance have emphasised the now myriad possibilities of automated, software-based data gathering, management and analysis. One of the many terms used to describe this phenomenon is ‘Big Data’. The field of Big Data covers a large and complex range of practices and technologies from smart borders to CCTV video analysis, and from consumer profiling to self-tracking applications. The paper’s aim is to explore the surveillance dynamics inherent in contemporary Big Data trends. To this end, the paper adopts two main perspectives concerned with two complementary expressions of Big Data: (1) the individual use of various techniques of self-surveillance and tracking and (2) the simultaneous trend to optimise urban infrastructures through smart information technologies. Drawing upon exploratory research conducted by the authors, the paper shows that both expressions of Big Data present a range of common surveillance dynamics on at least four levels: agency, temporality, spatiality and normativity. On these grounds, the paper highlights a series of important issues to explore in future research.

scholarly journals Does Money Buy Happiness?

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Yew-Kwang Ng
Keyword(s):  
Competition Effect ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Level ◽  
Environmental Disruption ◽  
Adaptation Effects

AbstractAfter a relatively low level of survival and comfort, additional consumption does not increase happiness significantly, especially at the social level. At the individual level, people want more due to the relative competition effect which cancels out at the social level. In addition, the adaptation effects and environmental disruption effects also work to limit the contributions of higher consumption and enlarge the gap between expectation and actuality.

The Psychology of (Pseudo)Science: Cognitive, Social, and Cultural Factors

Pseudoscience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio J. C. Lobato ◽  
Corinne Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Psychology Of Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Social Level

We review findings from the psychology of science that are relevant to understanding or explaining peoples’ tendencies to believe both scientific and pseudoscientific claims. We discuss relevant theoretical frameworks and empirical findings to support the proposal that pseudoscientific beliefs arise in much the same way as other scientific and non-scientific beliefs do. In particular, we focus on (a) cognitive and metacognitive factors at the individual level; (b) trust in testimony and judgments of expertise at the social level; and (c) personal identity and the public’s relationship with the scientific community at a cultural level.

An Intentions–Based Model of Entrepreneurial Teams’ Social Cognition*

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean A. Shepherd ◽  
Norris F. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Teams ◽  
The Social ◽  
Original Domain ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Perspective

Research has identified crucial antecedents of corporate entrepreneurship. Research has also identified crucial antecedents of entrepreneurial thinking. This article uses lessons from social cognition to explicitly link these two issues. We adapt an intentions–based model of how to promote entrepreneurial thinking from its original domain of individual entrepreneurship and translate that model to the domain of corporate entrepreneurship. From our intentions–based model of the social cognition of entrepreneurial teams, we emphasize the importance of perceptions of desirability and feasibility and that these perceptions are from the team as well as the individual perspective. This leads to three propositions about entrepreneurial teams and an outline of the opportunities for future research.

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