Design and Implementation of Binary Tree Based Proactive Routing Protocols for Large MANETS

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Pavan Kumar Pandey ◽  
G. P. Biswas

The Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of connected mobile nodes without any centralized administration. Proactive routing approach is one of those categories of proposed routing protocol which is not suitable for larger network due to their high overhead to maintain routing table for each and every node. The novelty of this approach is to form a binary tree structure of several independent sub-networks by decomposing a large network to sub-networks. Each sub-network is monitored by an agent node which is selected by several broadcasted regulations. Agent node maintains two routing information; one for local routing within the sub-network and another for routing through all other agent node. In routing mechanism first source node checks for destination within sub-network then source sends destination address to respective parent agent node if destination is not available in local routing, this process follows up to the destination node using agent mode. This approach allowed any proactive routing protocol with scalability for every routing mechanism. The proposed approach is thoroughly analyzed and its justification for the connectivity through sub-networks, routing between each source to destination pair, scalability, etc., are given, which show expected performance.

Author(s):  
Pavan Kumar Pandey ◽  
G. P. Biswas

The Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of connected mobile nodes without any centralized administration. Proactive routing approach is one of those categories of proposed routing protocol which is not suitable for larger network due to their high overhead to maintain routing table for each and every node. The novelty of this approach is to form a binary tree structure of several independent sub-networks by decomposing a large network to sub-networks. Each sub-network is monitored by an agent node which is selected by several broadcasted regulations. Agent node maintains two routing information; one for local routing within the sub-network and another for routing through all other agent node. In routing mechanism first source node checks for destination within sub-network then source sends destination address to respective parent agent node if destination is not available in local routing, this process follows up to the destination node using agent mode. This approach allowed any proactive routing protocol with scalability for every routing mechanism. The proposed approach is thoroughly analyzed and its justification for the connectivity through sub-networks, routing between each source to destination pair, scalability, etc., are given, which show expected performance.


A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a combination of multiple mobile nodes, which are interconnected by radio link. In MANET, sensor nodes are free to move, and each node can act as a host or router. Routing is one of the most challenging tasks because nodes move frequently. Therefore, in MANET, the routing protocol plays an important role in selecting the best route to efficiently transmit data from the source node to the destination node. In this paper, the best path with efficient Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is chosen as the routing mechanism. The properties of each node are categorized using firefly algorithm. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is trained as per these properties and hence in case if the gray hole node is detected within the route, it is identified and the route between the source and the destination is changed. At last, to show how effectively the proposed AODV with Firefly and ANN works is computed in terms of performance parameters. The throughput and PDR is increased by 4.13 % and 3.15 % compared to the network which is affected by gray hole attack. The energy up to 44.02 % has been saved.


Author(s):  
Naseer Ali Husieen ◽  
Suhaidi Hassan ◽  
Osman Ghazali ◽  
Lelyzar Siregar

This paper evaluates the performance of Reliable Multipath Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (RM-DSR) protocol with different network size compared to DSR protocol. RM-DSR developed in the mobile ad-hoc network to recover from the transient failure quickly and divert the data packets into a new route before the link is disconnected. The performance of RM-DSR protocol is tested in the Network Simulator (NS-2.34) under the random way point mobility model with varying number of mobile nodes. The network size parameter is used to investigate the robustness and the efficiency of RM-DSR protocol compared to DSR protocol. The network size affects the time of the route discovery process during the route establishment and the route maintenance process which could influence the overall performance of the routing protocol. The simulation results indicate that RM-DSR outperforms DSR in terms of the packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, end-to-end delay, normalized routing load and packet drop.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.9) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pandi Selvam Raman ◽  
Shankar K ◽  
Ilayaraja M

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are wireless infrastructure-less network consisting collection of autonomous nodes that communicate with each other in decentralized manner. Security remains major challenge due to its some unique characteristics like open medium, mobility and hence topology changes. Therefore, routing protocol for MANETs is much vulnerable to attacks. Black Hole is a type of attack, where malicious node falsely advertises itself having the shortest or optimal path to the destination node. This attack is more dangerous while a group of nodes are cooperating with each other.The objective of this paper is to design cluster based routing protocol and prevent it from the black hole attack. The simulation results show improvement in packet delivery ratio and control overhead.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2483-2487
Author(s):  
Nippun Kamboj ◽  
Dalip ◽  
Munishwar Rai

Current time represents the era of communication technology and in this revolution MANET is widely used and act as a key star for data communication in real life decisive scenario for e.g., disaster management, traffic control, military services etc. MANET is infrastructureless data communication network comprising of mobile nodes. For MANET it requires secure and energy efficient framework for the underlying routing protocol. To meet the need of efficient data communication in MANET, an Energy Efficient and Secure AODV (EES-AODV) protocol is proposed. In the projected routing protocol, first the order of network nodes happen dependent on energy and afterward encryption has been done. Simulation of projected protocol is performed for such as Average Delay, PDR and Throughput. Simulated results shows that modified AODV gives optimized performance and provides a more secure and energy aware protocol.


Integrating the Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) with Internet has many advantages. The Data collected from the Mobile nodes can be broadcasted to the world by connecting the Internet to it via Gateway. Clustering is a practical way to enhance the system performance. Security is a significant issue in the Integrated MANETInternet climate in light of the fact that in this climate we need to think about the assaults on Internet availability. So, to overcome this issue, we have proposed Secure and Authenticated routing protocol (SARP) to enhance security performance of the networks. This routing protocol is used to discover a secure route and to transmit data packets securely. In this protocol clusters are formed and security relies on the hardness of the symmetric and asymmetric key algorithms. We show the practicality of this convention as for the security prerequisites and security investigation against different assaults. The estimations and reproductions are given to show the security of the proposed convention. The outcomes show that, the proposed convention have preferred execution over the current secure conventions for Cluster based Internet Integrated with MANETs, in terms of security.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslam Khan

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) may be a self-configured, infrastructure-less network of mobile nodes that move independently. Owing to this movement, links can change often and can require special routing techniques to handle this. Every node acts as an intermediate router to receive and transmit packets. in this paper, the impact of varying transmission range on different propagation model and queue model on 3 routing protocols specifically AODV, DSR and DYMO is analyzed. The simulations were done on Qualnet. The significant metrics used for comparative analysis are- throughput, end-to-end delay and average jitter. The nodes of designed scenario communicate all the way through constant bit rate (CBR) application traffic. It is found that AODV is best performer under CBR traffic for MANET nodes operated through Okumura Propagation Model with queue technique as well as DYMO performs well in free space propagation model using queuing technique. This paper also summarize as the node density increases in network throughput performance decreases. Further in this paper DRAODV routing protocol is designed and implemented in order to improve the QoS over AODV routing protocol under variable transmission range.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 3906-3911
Author(s):  
Karan Singh ◽  
Rajeev Gupta

Recent progression in the field of information and communication cause increase of packet count over the World Wide Web network. These communicated packets should deliver on time from origin node to destination node using a reliable and shortest route. In this way routing plays an important part in dispatching the packets to destination form the source. This routing becomes more crucial when packets delivery is done in independent mobile nodes which dynamically form a temporary network. This network named as Mobile Ad-Hoc Network and therefore it is said to be particular reason-specific, self-ruling and dynamic. In this paper we analyzed 3 protocols and for a quality of service (i.e., Packet Delivery Ratio) and achieved comparative study of various protocols of routing with respect to Operation of protocols, Route maintenance, Routing table, Route, Route selection, Routing structure, Routing Approaches, Protocol types, Merits and Demerits.


2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 2286-2291
Author(s):  
Yuan Ming Ding ◽  
Hao Qu ◽  
Xue Wang

For the problems of the inefficient communication, increscent delay and raised packet loss rate etc. among the nodes caused by the frequent changes of topology in vehicular Ad hoc network (VANET), an improved solution of AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Vector) routing protocol is proposed using the backup routing mechanism. By modifying the processing of nodes disposing route reply packet (RREP) packets, the source node maintains a routing to the destination node, at the same time it maintains a backup routing and modifies the local repair mechanism. The simulations analyze the performance of AODV routing protocol when the moving speeds of the nodes increase and the network structure changes frequently. The simulation results show that the packet delivery fraction (PDF) increases using the backup routing mechanism which improves the performance of AODV routing protocol.


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