The carbon-nanofibers carrying Ag nanoparticles (Ag/CNF) have been successfully obtained via electrospinning followed by calcination. For it, AgNO3/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were firstly prepared as an intermediate and then the intermediate was calcined at 600°C for 4h to transit the PAN nanofibers to the CNF and reduce AgNO3 to the Ag nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize their morphologies and structures. The results show that the diameters of the Ag nanoparticles and CNF are 5 nm and 180 nm on the average, respectively. Most of the Ag nanoparticles were located on the surface of carbon nanofibers.