Analysis of the Impact of the New Emissions Limits on the Temperatures of the Vehicle Floor

2012 ◽  
Vol 152-154 ◽  
pp. 976-981
Author(s):  
Gustavo Inácio Bicalho ◽  
Bruno de Souza Baptista ◽  
Felipe Vereza Lopes da Silva ◽  
Sérgio de Morais Hanriot ◽  
Luben Cabezas-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
The Impact

The Kyoto Protocol established the reduction of pollutant emissions limits for all sectors of industrial economy in 8%, compared to 1990´s levels, to be adopted in the period between 2008 and 2012. Individual countries defined a progressive scale for the emission reduction applied to automotive vehicles. These new emission limits are reached altering the calibration of the Electronic Central Unit (ECU), altering the volume and the composition of the catalytic converters and also adding new components to the engine, such as EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) system and phasing sensor. This work evaluates the impact of these modifications in the exhaust system temperatures and in the peripherical devices. In order to meet the requirements of the new emissions limits, the volume of the catalytic converter is higher, increasing the heat rejected. It provokes a temperature raise on the exhaust system and under the vehicle pavement, which impact the functionality of some components and also the passenger's thermal comfort. It is observed that the new emission standards in Brazil resulted in an increase of the vehicle temperatures, affecting the passengers’ thermal comfort, and eventually producing more emissions due to the use of an air conditioning system.

Numerical and Experimental Study on the Impact of Mild Cold EGR on Exhaust Emissions in a Biodiesel Fueled Diesel Engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Oliveira ◽  
Junfeng Yang ◽  
Jose Sodre
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Ratio Distribution ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This work evaluated the effect of cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on fuel consumption and pollutant emissions from a diesel engine fueled with B8 (a blend of biodiesel and Diesel 8:92%% by volume), experimentally and numerically. Experiments were carried out on a Diesel power generator with varying loads from 5 kW to 35 kW and 10% of cold EGR ratio. Exhaust emissions (e.g. THC, NOX, CO etc.) were measured and evaluated. The results showed mild EGR and low biodiesel content have minor impact of engine specific fuel consumption, fuel conversion efficiency and in-cylinder pressure. Meanwhile, the combination of EGR and biodiesel reduced THC and NOX up to 52% and 59%, which shows promising effect on overcoming the PM-NOX trade-off from diesel engine. A 3D CFD engine model incorporated with detailed biodiesel combustion kinetics and NOx formation kinetics was validated against measured in-cylinder pressure, temperature and engine-out NO emission from diesel engine. This valid model was then employed to investigate the in-cylinder temperature and equivalence ratio distribution that predominate NOx formation. The results showed that the reduction of NOx emission by EGR and biodiesel is obtained by a little reduction of the local in-cylinder temperature and, mainly, by creating comparatively rich combusting mixture.

Control-Oriented Physics-Based NOX Emission Model for a Diesel Engine With Exhaust Gas Recirculation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saravanan Duraiarasan ◽  
Rasoul Salehi ◽  
Anna Stefanopoulou ◽  
Siddharth Mahesh ◽  
Marc Allain
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Stringent NOX emission norm for heavy duty vehicles motivates the use of predictive models to reduce emissions of diesel engines by coordinating engine parameters and aftertreatment. In this paper, a physics-based control-oriented NOX model is presented to estimate the feedgas NOX for a diesel engine. This cycle-averaged NOX model is able to capture the impact of all major diesel engine control variables including the fuel injection timing, injection pressure, and injection rate, as well as the effect of cylinder charge dilution and intake pressure on the emissions. The impact of the cylinder charge dilution controlled by the engine exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in the highly diluted diesel engine of this work is modeled using an adiabatic flame temperature predictor. The model structure is developed such that it can be embedded in an engine control unit without any need for an in-cylinder pressure sensor. In addition, details of this physics-based NOX model are presented along with a step-by-step model parameter identification procedure and experimental validation at both steady-state and transient conditions. Over a complete federal test procedure (FTP) cycle, on a cumulative basis the model prediction was more than 93% accurate.

scholarly journals Lean-Burn Natural Gas Engines: Challenges and Concepts for an Efficient Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Lott ◽  
Olaf Deutschmann
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Aftertreatment System ◽  
Natural Gas Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment

AbstractHigh engine efficiency, comparably low pollutant emissions, and advantageous carbon dioxide emissions make lean-burn natural gas engines an attractive alternative compared to conventional diesel or gasoline engines. However, incomplete combustion in natural gas engines results in emission of small amounts of methane, which has a strong global warming potential and consequently makes an efficient exhaust gas aftertreatment system imperative. Palladium-based catalysts are considered as most effective in low temperature methane conversion, but they suffer from inhibition by the combustion product water and from poisoning by sulfur species that are typically present in the gas stream. Rational design of the catalytic converter combined with recent advances in catalyst operation and process control, particularly short rich periods for catalyst regeneration, allow optimism that these hurdles can be overcome. The availability of a durable and highly efficient exhaust gas aftertreatment system can promote the widespread use of lean-burn natural gas engines, which could be a key step towards reducing mankind’s carbon footprint.

Design and Experimental Study on the Urea-SCR Converter Exhaust System of the Marine Diesel Engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1889-1894
Author(s):  
Lei Jiang ◽  
Jun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Marine Diesel Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
New Type ◽  
Design Requirements

Urea-SCR catalytic converter can effectively reduce the NOx emission of diesel engines, but meanwhile catalytic converter will cause some pressure loss in the exhaust system, which has negative influences on the engine performances. In this paper, the method of theoretical analysis calculated the pressure loss of the SCR catalytic converter, and designing a new type of exhaust gas pipe. Through the test to meet the design requirements,the results can provide a reference for optimum design of SCR catalytic converters and assembling.

Effect of Exhaust Back Pressure on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Equipped with Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and Exhaust Gas Recirculation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangamesh Bhure
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Back Pressure ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Diesel Oxidation ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Valves

Currently the emission norms are becoming more stringent, continuous modifications are taking place in existing I.C engines as well as in after treatment devices (ATDs). Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) are the mandatory ATDs controlled electronically to optimize engine brake power, fuel consumption and emissions. The conversion efficiency of ATDs mainly depends on exhaust pressure, temperature, flow rate and fluid characteristics of exhaust gas. However, the installation of ATDs increases the exhaust back pressure in the exhaust system. The back pressure of engine also depends on the parameters like engine operating conditions, design of exhaust valves, valve lift time, exhaust gas dynamics and exhaust manifold design etc. In this paper the attempt is made to study the effect of back pressure on performance and emission of diesel engines equipped with EGR and DOC. Here we have not modified the intake and exhaust valves instead, we varied the back pressure of exhaust system using back pressure control valve (BPCV). BPCV is operated manually at three positions, they are 100%, 87.5% and 75% BPCV lifts. The readings are taken in different combinations of BPCV lifts and brake torque at 20, 40, 60, and 80 N-m. The results obtained shows variation of BPCV lift and brake torque effected on performance of engine, DOC and EGR operations as well as fuel consumption. The NOx is reduced by 15%; HC and CO are reduced significantly. However, there is an increase in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust smoke.

Modelling of the Selective Catalytic NOx Reduction for Diesel Engine

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2098-2102
Author(s):  
Hang Xu ◽  
Fang Yin Tu ◽  
Zhi Xia He ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Qian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Future Emission ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Agreement

As Future emission limits of diesel engines is more stringent, model-based control strategy of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is becoming necessary. Therefore, a catalytic converter mathematical model for simulating selective catalytic deNOx reaction is very important. In this paper, a one dimension catalytic converter mathematical model that consists of thermal energy model, SCR reaction model and NH3storage model for simulating urea-SCR reaction process is presented. Based on this model, the impact of temperature and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) on NOx conversion efficiency has been researched. According to the results of simulation, it shows good agreement with experimental data.

scholarly journals Exploratory Study of the Hcci Engine Employing Exhaust Gas Recirculation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
Sundar Lal ◽  
Devendra Singh ◽  
Ajay Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Hcci Engine ◽  
Emission Behavior ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
The Impact

The primary aim of the present experiment is to study the productivity, emission behavior of the HCCI engine using exhaust gas recirculation at different flow rates under different load conditions on the controlled combustion of the HCCI diesel-fueled engine, to know the best performance and least emissions attainable and to further investigate the impact of the engine. Experiments have been performed for various percentages of exhaust gas recirculation with diesel fuel under load variations. These analyses of the EGR at varying load with the findings acquired are plotted and contrasted for the output and emission characteristics that have been carried out in order to identify the efficient operation of the diesel engine with the least environmental pollution.

scholarly journals An analysis of EGR impact on combustion process in the SI test engine

2012 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Wojciech TUTAK
Keyword(s):  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
No Emission ◽  
Combustion Duration ◽  
Test Engine ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
The Impact

The results of modelling of thermal cycle of spark ignition internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation are presented. Results of the impact of EGR on the ignition delay and the combustion duration are presented. The optimization of thermal cycle was carried out in terms of ignition advance angle in order to obtain the possible highest value of efficiency and the least NO emission. The results indicated a significant impact of EGR on the ignition delay and combustion duration.

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