Line-Based Optimization for 3D Object Reconstruction from Single Line Drawings

2010 ◽  
Vol 20-23 ◽  
pp. 910-915
Author(s):  
Jun Chu ◽  
Man Tun Gao ◽  
Gui Mei Zhang ◽  
Rui Na Feng
Keyword(s):  
Linear System ◽  
Projective Plane ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Iterative Technique ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
3D Object Reconstruction ◽  
Ideal Line ◽  
Original Line ◽  
The Ideal

Based on iterative technique, a novel optimization approach for reconstruction a planar object from a perspective line drawing is proposed. Some constraint relationships between edges of a planar object are deduced and formulated as a linear system. The planar object can be recovered by solving the linear system. If the line drawing is a practical line drawing, the recovered planar object will be re-projected onto the projective plane. And then the parameters of the projection will be weighed with those of the corresponding line in original line drawing. The new linear system can be achieved by substituting the weighted parameters into the original linear system and solved again. This procedure is iterated until the value of an object function is smaller than the threshold predefined. Experiment results show that in addition to the ideal line drawing, the proposed algorithm can be applied to the practical line drawing.

scholarly journals Typification of the puzzling diatom species Neidium iridis (Neidiaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-401
Author(s):  
Paul B. Hamilton ◽  
Katarzyna Stachura-Suchoples ◽  
Wolf-Henning Kusber ◽  
Andreanne Bouchard ◽  
Regine Jahn
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
West Point ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
The Status ◽  
Original Line

Background and aims – Confusion over the taxonomic identity of Neidium iridis (Ehrenb.) Cleve (= Navicula iridis Ehrenb.) has persisted for more than 130 years with identifications of valve shapes varying from elliptical to linear and sizes from 100 to 300 µm. This confusion can be linked to the rarity of the species and poor attention to the original line drawings of Ehrenberg. This study examines the type material of Navicula iridis and further uses additional material from North America to define the species Neidium iridis. Methods – Mica and material from Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg’s Collection were studied to examine Navicula iridis. Light and electron microscope techniques were used to document the variability of valve morphology of original material in comparison with other fossil and recent materials. Key results – Ehrenberg designated no nomenclatural type for Navicula iridis at the place of its first description, and until recently the original material was not studied. One freshwater extant locality was identified (New York, West Point) in the original 1843 publication, and in his notes and drawings. Examination of the micas and material from the type locality, showed that Navicula iridis was very rare. Two specimens were found that matched the line drawing presented by Ehrenberg. In addition, we examined Ehrenberg’s original material with SEM, as well as two other localities in North America and present LM and SEM documentation of additional valve forms. A further evaluation of the status of Neidium columnaris, Neidium maximum and an unknown taxon in relation to Neidium iridis is presented. Conclusions – The findings of this study elucidate the taxon Navicula iridis (= Neidium iridis) as described by Ehrenberg in 1843. This will assist in the identification of other large Neidium taxa which to date have been associated with Neidium iridis.

Minimal Generators of the Defining Ideal of the Rees Algebra Associated with a Rational Plane Parametrization with μ = 2

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1225-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Cortadellas Benítez ◽  
Carlos D'Andrea
Keyword(s):  
Projective Plane ◽  
Rational Curve ◽  
Rees Algebra ◽  
Homogeneous Polynomials ◽  
Rational Plane ◽  
Minimal Generators ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractWe exhibit a set of minimal generators of the defining ideal of the Rees Algebra associated with the ideal of three bivariate homogeneous polynomials parametrizing a proper rational curve in projective plane, having a minimal syzygy of degree 2.

scholarly journals Line-Drawn Scenes Provide Sufficient Information for Discrimination of Threat and Mere Negativity

i-Perception ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 204166951875580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Boshyan ◽  
Lisa Feldman Barrett ◽  
Nicole Betz ◽  
Reginald B. Adams ◽  
Kestutis Kveraga
Keyword(s):  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Temporal Dimensions ◽  
Matching Color ◽  
Negative Stimuli

Previous work using color photographic scenes has shown that human observers are keenly sensitive to different types of threatening and negative stimuli and reliably classify them by the presence, and spatial and temporal directions of threat. To test whether such distinctions can be extracted from impoverished visual information, we used 500 line drawings made by hand-tracing the original set of photographic scenes. Sixty participants rated the scenes on spatial and temporal dimensions of threat. Based on these ratings, trend analysis revealed five scene categories that were comparable to those identified for the matching color photographic scenes. Another 61 participants were randomly assigned to rate the valence or arousal evoked by the line drawings. The line drawings perceived to be the most negative were also perceived to be the most arousing, replicating the finding for color photographic scenes. We demonstrate here that humans are very sensitive to the spatial and temporal directions of threat even when they must extract this information from simple line drawings, and rate the line drawings very similarly to matched color photographs. The set of 500 hand-traced line-drawing scenes has been made freely available to the research community: http://www.kveragalab.org/threat.html .

The Gray World of Practical Data Analysis: An Introduction to Part 2

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gidon Eshel
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Linear System ◽  
Linear Algebra ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Distinguishing Characteristic ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Ideal World ◽  
Main Distinguishing Characteristic ◽  
Realistic Data ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter provides an overview of the second part of the book. This part is the crux of the matter: how to analyze actual data. While this part builds on Part 1, especially on linear algebra fundamentals covered in Part 1, the two are not redundant. The main distinguishing characteristic of Part 2 is its nuanced grayness. In the ideal world of algebra (and thus in most of part 1), things are black or white: two vectors are either mutually orthogonal or not, real numbers are either zero or not, a vector either solves a linear system or does not. By contrast, realistic data analysis, the province of Part 2, is always gray, always involves subjective decisions.

Standard views

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sidebotham ◽  
Alan Merry ◽  
Malcolm Legget ◽  
Gavin Wright
Keyword(s):  
Line Drawing ◽  
Sequential Approach ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Spectral Doppler ◽  
American Society

In Chapter 4, the 28 standard 2D TOE views, as recommended by the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists (SCA), are described. For each view, a line drawing is provided, indicating relevant cardiac structures. Line drawings of normal spectral Doppler waveforms are also provided. 3D images of normal mitral, aortic, and tricuspid valves, displayed in their recommended orientations, are demonstrated. In addition to standard views, a sequential approach to performing a comprehensive TOE examination is described. Tables summarizing the indications and contraindications to TOE examination, as outlined by the ASE/SCA, are provided.

scholarly journals The Development of a BMI-Guided Shape Morphing Technique and the Effects of an Individualized Figure Rating Scale on Self-Perception of Body Size

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey M. Hudson ◽  
Yao Lu ◽  
Xiaoke Zhang ◽  
James Hahn ◽  
Johannah E. Zabal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Figure Rating Scale ◽  
The Impact

The creation of personalized avatars that may be morphed to simulate realistic changes in body size is useful when studying self-perception of body size. One drawback is that these methods are resource intensive compared to rating scales that rely upon generalized drawings. Little is known about how body perception ratings compare across different methods, particularly across differing levels of personalized detail in visualizations. This knowledge is essential to inform future decisions about the appropriate tradeoff between personalized realism and resource availability. The current study aimed to determine the impact of varying degrees of personalized realism on self-perception of body size. We explored this topic in young adult women, using a generalized line drawing scale, as well as several types of personalized avatars, including 3D textured images presented in immersive virtual reality (VR). Body perception ratings using generalized line drawings were often higher than responses using individualized visualization methods. While the personalized details seemed to help with identification, there were few differences among the three conditions containing different amounts of individualized realism (e.g., photo-realistic texture). These results suggest that using scales based on personalized texture and limb dimensions are beneficial, although presentation in immersive VR may not be essential.

Penerbitan Maklumat Tiga Dimensi Sebuah Lukisan Garisan Menggunakan Kaedah Jumlah Kuasa Dua Terkecil

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habibollah Haron ◽  
Dzulkifli Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Linear System ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Geometric Information ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Total Least Square ◽  
Regular Line ◽  
Space Image

Pengekstrakan lukisan garisan melibatkan proses menukar lukisan garisan tidak sekata kepada lukisan sekata, mendapatkan entiti asas simpang, garisan serta kawasan dan seterusnya mendapatkan maklumat tiga dimensi lukisan. Proses penukaran lukisan tidak sekata akan menghasilkan maklumat dua dimensi lukisan dan maklumat geometri dua dimensi lukisan iaitu simpang, garisan dan kawasan masing-masing yang mewakili unjuran bucu, pinggir dan permukaan dalam tiga dimensi. Berdasarkan maklumat geometri dua dimensi ini, jenis kenalaran imej ditentukan untuk membentuk set sistem linear lebih tentu. Grimstead menggunakan empat kenalaran imej dan menggunakan lelaran kuasa dua terkecil untuk menyelesaikan sistem linear lebih tentu yang dihasilkan. Kertas kerja ini akan mencadangkan kaedah jumlah kuasa dua terkecil untuk menyelesaikan sistem linear lebih tentu yang dibentuk oleh dua kenalaran imej. Perbandingan dengan kaedah Grimstead akan ditunjukkan dan penerangan akan dibantu oleh kes kajian dan paparan output. Kata kunci: Terjemahan garisan; Jumlah Kuasa Dua Terkecil; ruang gradien; kenalaran imej; sistem linear Line drawing interpretation involves process of converting irregular line drawing to regular line drawing. The converting process produces junctions, lines and regions that are two-dimensional projection of vertices, edges, and faces of a solid model respectively. Based on the geometric information obtained, image regularities are determined and a over-determined sets of linear systems is developed. Grimstead used the three image regularities in the linear system and iterative ordinary least square to solve them. The paper is intended to propose Total Least Square method in solving over-determined sets of linear system of image regularities of a line drawing. Two image regularities have been used. The solutions obtained are visualized with the help of MATLAB tool. Case study is given to assist the explaination. Key words: Line Interpretation; Total Least Square Method; Gradient Space; Image Regularities; Linear System

Geons and Non-Accidental Relations in 2D Shape Abstraction: A BCI Study

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Deshpande ◽  
Ehsan T. Esfahani ◽  
Rahul Rai
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Shape Recognition ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Shape Abstraction

Simple line drawings and 2D sketches are commonly used by humans to convey their ideas about a particular shape or shapes in an image. These approximations of shapes are effective means for visual communication and artistic practices. The idea of shape abstraction can be derived from such approximations of shapes, which considers their most important and salient features. The key idea behind shape abstraction is to extract a simplified version of a shape that preserves the salient characteristics of the input shape. In this paper, we introduce and analyze a slightly different and novel facet of abstraction, which we call “partial to full shape recognition” of two dimensional shapes (line drawing and sketches). The key idea is recognizing partial 2D shapes that leads to recognition of full shape utilizing the theory of recognition-by-components (RBC) and geons (human shape perception). We segment the 2D shapes according to the non-accidental relations provided by RBC and analyze the electroencephalogram (EEG) brain activity of subjects using a brain computer interface (BCI) to gain knowledge of human understanding of such relations pertaining to specific partial to full shape correspondence.

Object identification deficits in dementia of the Alzheimer type: Combined effects of semantic and visual proximity

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIKE J. DIXON ◽  
DANIEL N. BUB ◽  
HOWARD CHERTKOW ◽  
MARTIN ARGUIN
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Visual Similarity ◽  
Proximity Effects ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Object Form ◽  
Semantic Proximity

Identification deficits in dementia of the Alzheimer Type (DAT) often target specific classes of objects, sparing others. Using line drawings to uncover the etiology of such category-specific deficits may be untenable because the underlying shape primitives used to differentiate one line drawing from another are unspecified, and object form is yoked to object meaning. We used computer generated stimuli with empirically specifiable properties in a paradigm that decoupled form and meaning. In Experiment 1 visually similar or distinct blobs were paired with semantically close or disparate labels, and participants attempted to learn these pairings. By having the same blobs stand for semantically close and disparate objects and looking at shape–label confusion rates for each type of set, form and meaning were independently assessed. Overall, visual similarity of shapes and semantic similarity of labels each exacerbated object confusions. For controls, the effects were small but significant. For DAT patients more substantial visual and semantic proximity effects were obtained. Experiment 2 demonstrated that even small changes in semantic proximity could effect significant changes in DAT task performance. Labeling 3 blobs with “lion,” “tiger,” and “leopard” significantly elevated DAT confusion rates compared to exactly the same blobs labeled with “lion,” “tiger,” and “zebra.” In conclusion both visual similarity and semantic proximity contributed to the identification errors of DAT patients. (JINS, 1999, 5, 330–345.)

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