The Calculation Method and Experimental Research on Throttling Pressure Drop during Kill a Well

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 495-498
Author(s):  
Hui Xin Liu ◽  
Xian Min Yang ◽  
Cheng Tao Li ◽  
Xiang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
Throttle Valve ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Valve Opening ◽  
Casing Pressure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Accuracy

There is a common problem during kill a well, which is how to quickly and accurately control the surface casing pressure according to the requirements for killing a well. A step-by-step exploration process is employed on operation sites. Continuously adjusting throttle valve to acquire surface casing pressure may lead to failure of kill operation because of its long time and low control accuracy. Obviously, if the calculation problems of throttling drawdown can be resolved,the relationship between drawdown and throttle valve opening can be found and the course of explorating can be converted into a straight course.Then the success rate of killing well can be improved. More importantly, this can make automatic controll of surface casing pressure possible. The paper built the calculation method of throttling pressure drop by theoretical analysis and verified the calculation method by adopting it into field test. The result has showed that the calculation method of throttling pressure drop coincides with experimental results and it can be used in engineering practice.

Study on Calculation Method of Stresses under Embankment

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 656-661
Author(s):  
Hong Bin Xiao ◽  
Yue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Uniform Load ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Railway Engineering ◽  
The Relationship

In China high-speed railway engineering practice, embankment settlements calculated values were often greatly different to the measured values, which may result from the stresses distribution under the embankment usually simplified. According to this issue, the elastic embankment method was introduced, the stresses under various embankment were calculated, the influence factors of the stresses values and distribution were analyzed. The stresses calculated by elastic embankment method, proportional load form and uniform load form were compared with the measured stresses. The relationship among the four kinds of stresses was analyzed. The applicable conditions of the various calculation methods were put forward. If the ratio of embankment half surface width and height was less than 4.5, when the stresses calculated by uniform load form were multiplied by correction coefficient 1.15, they were tallied well with the measured stresses.

scholarly journals Method of determining the optimal version of the piezometer of gas distribution networks of medium and high pressure

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 04027
Author(s):  
Viktor Zhila ◽  
Aleksey Klochko
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Stage Scheme ◽  
Long Time

The article deals with the issues of determining the optimal type of piezometric pressure graph in high-and medium-pressure gas pipelines in the design of gas distribution networks. Along with the most commonly used ways to reduce the cost of building gas distribution networks by finding the optimal configuration of gas pipelines, which give a great economic and environmental effect, it is necessary to rationally use the pressure drop provided to the network. This step in engineering practice allows you to additionally get money savings. The use of various schemes for supplying consumers with gas in cities and villages also has a great economic effect, but modern equipment allows you to make the transition to a single-stage scheme of gas distribution networks for cities. When designing gas distribution networks, the available pressure drop can be used by implementing various technical solutions, but the correct choice of pressures in the nodal points contributes to an economic effect. The designed configuration of the gas distribution network with the adopted type of piezometric graph can ensure reliable operation for a long time. The results obtained are recommended for use in the design of gas distribution networks of cities, other settlements and distribution networks of industrial enterprises

BIOFLUID FLOW THROUGH A THROTTLE VALVE: A COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS STUDY OF CAVITATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650034 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIUMEI LIU ◽  
JIE HE ◽  
JIYUN ZHAO ◽  
ZHENG LONG ◽  
WENHUA LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Valve Seat ◽  
Cavitation Phenomenon ◽  
Throttle Valve ◽  
Valve Opening ◽  
Flow Through

Biofluid flow through a throttle valve is investigated numerically and experimentally in our paper. Numerical studies are performed in order to obtain the mass flow rate through the valve under different operating conditions. Pressure drop behind the throttle valve and formation of the vortex flow downstream has been evaluated. The vortices were mainly distributed on top of the valve rod, the corner of the channel and the corner of the valve seat. When valve opening increases, the vortices grow and cause higher pressure drop. In other words, more energy is lost due to these growing vortices and high viscosity of biofluid. Furthermore, experimental flow visualization is conducted to capture cavitation images near the orifice using high-speed camera. The initial position of cavitation occurred near throttle orifice while cavitation zone downstream is caused by circulating bubbles clusters. As the opening of the valve is decreased, the area and strength of vortices in the corner of the channel grow and cause higher pressure drop firstly, then decrease. In addition, there are a lot of bubble clusters on top of the valve rod and the corner of the valve seat, which flowed downstream and collapsed, then filled the entire channel. In general, the valve opening plays very important role in the performance of a throttle valve. The results would help to observe, understand and manage the cavitation phenomenon in a throttle valve, and improve the performance of throttle valves.

The Problem of Identifying and Modeling the Relationship between Monetary Factor and Inflation in the Russian Economy

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
A. Porshakov ◽  
A. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supply Side Factors

The role of monetary factor in generating inflationary processes in Russia has stimulated various debates in social and scientific circles for a relatively long time. The authors show that identification of the specificity of relationship between money and inflation requires a complex approach based on statistical modeling and involving a wide range of indicators relevant for the price changes in the economy. As a result a model of inflation for Russia implying the decomposition of inflation dynamics into demand-side and supply-side factors is suggested. The main conclusion drawn is that during the recent years the volume of inflationary pressures in the Russian economy has been determined by the deviation of money supply from money demand, rather than by money supply alone. At the same time, monetary factor has a long-run spread over time impact on inflation.

Psychology: Volume 5

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Science Volume ◽  
Western World ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Indian Setting ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship

This survey of research on psychology in five volumes is a part of a series undertaken by the ICSSR since 1969, which covers various disciplines under social science. Volume Five of this survey, Explorations into Psyche and Psychology: Some Emerging Perspectives, examines the future of psychology in India. For a very long time, intellectual investments in understanding mental life have led to varied formulations about mind and its functions across the word. However, a critical reflection of the state of the disciplinary affairs indicates the dominance of Euro-American theories and methods, which offer an understanding coloured by a Western world view, which fails to do justice with many non-Western cultural settings. The chapters in this volume expand the scope of psychology to encompass indigenous knowledge available in the Indian tradition and invite engaging with emancipatory concerns as well as broadening the disciplinary base. The contributors situate the difference between the Eastern and Western conceptions of the mind in the practice of psychology. They look at this discipline as shaped by and shaping between systems like yoga. They also analyse animal behaviour through the lens of psychology and bring out insights about evolution of individual and social behaviour. This volume offers critique the contemporary psychological practices in India and offers a new perspective called ‘public psychology’ to construe and analyse the relationship between psychologists and their objects of study. Finally, some paradigmatic, pedagogical, and substantive issues are highlighted to restructure the practice of psychology in the Indian setting.

scholarly journals The impacts of mediating the work environment on the mode choice in work trips

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 592-605
Author(s):  
Melchior Bria ◽  
Ludfi Djakfar ◽  
Achmad Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The impacts of work characteristics on travel mode choice behavior has been studied for a long time, focusing on the work type, income, duration, and working time. However, there are no comprehensive studies on the influence of travel behavior. Therefore, this study examines the influence of work environment as a mediator of socio-economic variables, trip characteristics, transportation infrastructure and services, the environment and choice of transportation mode on work trips. The mode of transportation consists of three variables, including public transportation (bus rapid transit and mass rapid transit), private vehicles (cars and motorbikes), and online transportation (online taxis and motorbike taxis online). Multivariate analysis using the partial least squares-structural equation modeling method was used to explain the relationship between variables in the model. According to the results, the mediating impact of work environment is significant on transportation choices only for environmental variables. The mediating mode choice effect is negative for public transportation and complimentary for private vehicles and online transportation. Other variables directly affect mode choice, including the influence of work environment.

scholarly journals Subway Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Algorithm Based on Adaptive Spline Impact Suppression

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Zhongshuo Hu ◽  
Jianwei Yang ◽  
Dechen Yao ◽  
Jinhai Wang ◽  
Yongliang Bai
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Domain Signal ◽  
Gearbox Vibration ◽  
Long Time

In the signal processing of real subway vehicles, impacts between wheelsets and rail joint gaps have significant negative effects on the spectrum. This introduces great difficulties for the fault diagnosis of gearboxes. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an adaptive time-domain signal segmentation method that envelopes the original signal using a cubic spline interpolation. The peak values of the rail joint gap impacts are extracted to realize the adaptive segmentation of gearbox fault signals when the vehicle was moving at a uniform speed. A long-time and unsteady signal affected by wheel–rail impacts is segmented into multiple short-term, steady-state signals, which can suppress the high amplitude of the shock response signal. Finally, on this basis, multiple short-term sample signals are analyzed by time- and frequency-domain analyses and compared with the nonfaulty results. The results showed that the method can efficiently suppress the high-amplitude components of subway gearbox vibration signals and effectively extract the characteristics of weak faults due to uniform wear of the gearbox in the time and frequency domains. This provides reference value for the gearbox fault diagnosis in engineering practice.

scholarly journals Dynamics of life expectancy and life span equality

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 5250-5259 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Aburto ◽  
Francisco Villavicencio ◽  
Ugofilippo Basellini ◽  
Søren Kjærgaard ◽  
James W. Vaupel
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Mortality Increase ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

As people live longer, ages at death are becoming more similar. This dual advance over the last two centuries, a central aim of public health policies, is a major achievement of modern civilization. Some recent exceptions to the joint rise of life expectancy and life span equality, however, make it difficult to determine the underlying causes of this relationship. Here, we develop a unifying framework to study life expectancy and life span equality over time, relying on concepts about the pace and shape of aging. We study the dynamic relationship between life expectancy and life span equality with reliable data from the Human Mortality Database for 49 countries and regions with emphasis on the long time series from Sweden. Our results demonstrate that both changes in life expectancy and life span equality are weighted totals of rates of progress in reducing mortality. This finding holds for three different measures of the variability of life spans. The weights evolve over time and indicate the ages at which reductions in mortality increase life expectancy and life span equality: the more progress at the youngest ages, the tighter the relationship. The link between life expectancy and life span equality is especially strong when life expectancy is less than 70 y. In recent decades, life expectancy and life span equality have occasionally moved in opposite directions due to larger improvements in mortality at older ages or a slowdown in declines in midlife mortality. Saving lives at ages below life expectancy is the key to increasing both life expectancy and life span equality.

Observation of Pressure Drop Behavior in an Operating Fuel Cell Stack

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frano Barbir ◽  
Haluk Gorgun ◽  
Xinting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Cathode Side ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
The Relationship

Pressure drop on the cathode side of a PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell stack has been studied and used as a diagnostic tool. Since the Reynolds number at the beginning of the flow field channel was <250, the flow through the channel is laminar, and the relationship between the pressure drop and the flow rate is linear. Some departure from linearity was observed when water was either introduced in the stack or produced inside the stack in the electrochemical reaction. By monitoring the pressure drop in conjunction with the cell resistance in an operational fuel cell stack, it was possible to diagnose either flooding or drying conditions inside the stack.

A Research on the Morphology and Composition of Flocs (Part 1: Floc Breaage Disregarded)

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1566-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Qiang Ding ◽  
Qing Na Li ◽  
Xin Rong Pang ◽  
Ji Run Xu
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Suspension Viscosity ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Three Dimensional Space ◽  
Floc Breakage

The characteristics of flocs aggregated in flocculation have been paid more and more attention for a long time. In this paper, a new classification and analyses method dealing with the flocs is developed. The flocs formed after flocculation is divided into four kinds, including the left primary particles, linear flocs with all component particles in a line, planar flocs with all component particles on a plane and volumetric flocs with all component particles in a three-dimensional space. By analyzing the formation approaches of different kind of flocs regardless of the floc breakage, the number of every kind of floc is analyzed to be related with the suspension concentration mathematically. After comparing the different items in the models describing the relationship of floc number and concentration, a series of simplified expressions are presented. Lastly, a mathematical equation relating the measurable suspension viscosity with the numbers of different flocs is obtained.

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