The Construction of Bus Operation Cycle

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1541-1549
Author(s):  
Mei Chun Peng ◽  
Bin Feng ◽  
Jie Song Zhang ◽  
Quan Zhen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Operation Mode ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Small Interval ◽  
Practical Operation ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
Operation Rule ◽  
Vehicle Test ◽  
Operation Cycle ◽  
Operation Characteristics ◽  
Deceleration Time

This paper is involved in the construction of bus operation cycle, through the vehicle test on road to gain the data of bus practical operation mode, using statistical analysis in data processing to construct the operation cycle, and analyze the cycle characteristics. Through the analysis of bus operation characteristics, firstly it was found there were 4 big category modes, namely the idle, constant speed, acceleration and deceleration. Then according to the speed interval of 10 km/h and the acceleration interval of 0.5m/s2, each big category mode including of constant speed, acceleration and deceleration can be divided into small interval modes. Finally, bus operation cycle was constructed, which has 4 big category modes,78 small interval modes. The idle time of the operation cycle constructed constitutes 23.03%, the acceleration time and deceleration time constitute 73.64%, the constant speed time constitutes a little. The average speed is 22.7km/h. The characteristics of bus operation cycle above fits the bus operation rule. The operation cycle modes constructed mainly concentrate on the idle and (20-50) km/h, and acceleration and deceleration range from -1.0 m/s2to 1.0m/s2.

Continuous-scan capability at SSRL and applications to X-ray diffraction

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlei Li ◽  
Andrew M. Kiss ◽  
Douglas G. Van Campen ◽  
Alex Garachtchenko ◽  
Yuriy Kolotovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Motor Controller ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Total Measurement Time ◽  
Zno Powder ◽  
Deceleration Time

Typical X-ray diffraction measurements are made by moving a detector to discrete positions in space and then measuring the signal at each stationary position. This step-scanning method can be time-consuming, and may induce vibrations in the measurement system when the motors are accelerated and decelerated at each position. Furthermore, diffraction information between the data points may be missed unless a fine step-scanning is used, which further increases the total measurement time. To utilize beam time efficiently, the motor acceleration and deceleration time should be minimized, and the signal-to-noise ratio should be maximized. To accomplish this, an integrated continuous-scan system was developed at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL). The continuous-scan system uses an in-house integrated motor controller system and counter/timer electronics.SPECsoftware is used to control both the hardware and data acquisition systems. The time efficiency and repeatability of the continuous-scan system were tested using X-ray diffraction from a ZnO powder and compared with the step-scan technique. Advantages and limitations of the continuous-scan system and a demonstration of variable-velocity continuous scan are discussed.

scholarly journals A Generalized and Mode-Adaptive Approach to the Power Flow Analysis of the Isolated Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Xiao ◽  
Chunguang Ren ◽  
Xiaoqing Han ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Dc Microgrids ◽  
Operation Modes ◽  
Load Fluctuation ◽  
Practical Operation ◽  
Binary Matrices ◽  
The Time Domain

Hybrid AC/DC microgrids (HMG) are emerging as an attracting method for integrating AC/DC distributed energy resources (DERs). In the isolated hybrid AC/DC microgrid (IHMG), the key problem is how to balance power variation and regulate voltage and frequency. Various energy storage systems (ESS) and interlinking converter (IC) technologies are viable for this application. The present study proposes a novel unified power flow (PF) model which can be applied to compare and analyze the practical operation modes of the IHMG and, further, to evaluate and compare the abilities of the ESS with different connection topologies and ICs with different control approaches to maintain the voltage and frequency stability of the IHMG. Five operation modes of the IHMG are defined and explained. Then, a set of generic PF equations are derived. Moreover, three binary matrices are applied as input parameters of the unified power equations. These matrices enable a single operation mode of the IHMG at a time to be constructed in the power equation. Finally, the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed scheme are verified against the time domain simulation result. The quasi-steady-state behaviors of multi-DC subgrids IHMG in different modes after a range of load fluctuation are investigated. The results show that the use of multiple grid-forming units in the AC and DC subgrids, when IC adopted normalized.

scholarly journals The Real-Time Look-Ahead NURBS Curve Interpolation Algorithm

2011 ◽  
Vol 2-3 ◽  
pp. 523-526
Author(s):  
Geng Zhu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Transition Curve ◽  
Interpolation Algorithm ◽  
Nurbs Curve ◽  
The Real ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Curve Interpolation ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
Deceleration Time

To ensure a given chord error, through the division of the cusp, the NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splins) curve is divided into several sections and the speed of the various sections is planned accordingly. The acceleration and deceleration time period is recalculated, which results in a smooth speed transition curve.

The Thermodynamic Performance of Ideal Single-Tube Air-Breathing Pulse Detonation Engine

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Qiu ◽  
Cha Xiong ◽  
Chuan-Jun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Operation Mode ◽  
Equal Mass ◽  
Pulse Detonation Engine ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Single Tube ◽  
Pulse Detonation ◽  
Detonation Engine ◽  
Purge Gas ◽  
Operation Cycle ◽  
Factor Α

A new single-tube air-breathing pulse detonation engine (APDE) with bypass air duct is introduced. It is composed of inlet, valve, detonation chamber, bypass air duct and nozzle. Based on the analysis of the operation cycle of the APDE, airstreams flowing into the engine can be separated into three parts: one is flowing out from the engine through the bypass; one is exhausted from the nozzle as purge gas; and the else is mixed with fuel and is combusted. And the concept of cycle factor α that represents the ratio of air quantity for detonation combustion to incoming air quantity is defined to analyze the influence of the mass distribution on the performance of APDE. Although α has no effect on the cycle thermal efficiency of APDE, it influences the engine propulsive performance. When the APDE is full fuel filled and with the equivalent incoming air-flow and fuel-flow rate, the APDE will be superior to ramjet for 0∼5 Mach if α is larger than 0.8. When the APDE and ramjet work with equal mass fuel-air ratio of combustion, the specific fuel consumption of APDE is lower than that of ramjet for 0∼5 Mach. Also, if a is higher than 0.9, the specific thrust of APDE is higher than ramjet for 0∼5 Mach. Further, the operation mode of partial fuel filling can be used to enhance the performance, but it simultaneously decreases the total thermal cycle efficiency.

Study and Application of Driving Cycle for City Bus

2008 ◽  
Vol 44-46 ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Tu Sun ◽  
Xi Geng Song ◽  
T.L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
City Bus ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
The City ◽  
Deceleration Time

A typical driving cycle reflecting the real-world driving conditions of city bus is developed to show average speed, running time, acceleration and deceleration time, and passengers flow on the city bus with the case study in Dalian. A practical method for the improvement of the fuel economy with the application of the driving cycle for city bus is discussed based on the matching of drive train. The results show the practical value of the methodology on the improvement of the city bus fuel economy.

scholarly journals TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION PHASES FOR VISUAL SACCADES

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (06) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
HSUAN-HUNG LIN ◽  
YUNG-FU CHEN ◽  
TAINSONG CHEN ◽  
TZU-TUNG TSAI ◽  
KUO-HSIEN HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Shape Parameters ◽  
Saccadic Amplitude ◽  
Acceleration Time ◽  
Deceleration Phase ◽  
Acceleration Amplitude ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
Triangular Profile ◽  
Deceleration Time

Previous studies showed that the relation for product of peak velocity and duration against saccadic amplitude was highly linear correlated. The velocity profile was related as a triangular profile and referred to the saccadic amplitude as an integration of the profile, so that the amplitude is proportional to the product of peak velocity and duration. The saccadic amplitude can be described as a function of peak velocity and duration. In this study, in addition to the triangular profile, the rational power function was applied to explain the above linear relation. The acceleration and deceleration phases can be described, respectively, with the different shape parameters (n1 and n2). Finally, we described the product of peak velocity and acceleration time relating to the acceleration amplitude, and the product of peak velocity and deceleration time relating to the deceleration amplitude. The results show that the acceleration and deceleration phase parameters could be used to accurately delineate the saccadic characteristics.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF AN ELECTROSTATIC ACTUATOR FOR IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF SCANNING PROBE NANOLITHOGRAPHY

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
Le Van Tam ◽  
Dang Van Hieu ◽  
Nguyen Duy Vy ◽  
Vu Ngoc Hung ◽  
Chu Manh Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Electrostatic Actuator ◽  
Fixed Electrode ◽  
Square Plate ◽  
Operation Characteristics ◽  
Air Medium

In this paper, we design and simulate a micro-suspension based scanning probe for nanolithography using electrostatic actuation. The probe consists of a square plate with a pyramid tip at the center that is suspended by four beams. The entire probe is made of single silicon and is operated in air medium. Operation characteristics are analyzed by finite element method. The operation mode is symmetrical that overcomes the lateral displacement in the unsymmetrical operation mode of conventional scanning probe nanolithography, hence increasing the precision in lithographed nanostructures. The effect of electric field fringe and fixed electrode to the operation of the scanning probe are also analyzed in detail.

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