Biomechanical Analysis of Vertical Jump Performance in Well-Trained Young Group before and after Passive Static Stretching of Knee Flexors Muscles

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Song ◽  
Xiao Xue Zhao ◽  
Kyle P. Finnie ◽  
Shi Rui Shao
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knee Flexors

The purposes of this study were to explore the biomechanical variations of vertical jump performance in well-trained young group before and after passive static stretching (PSS) of knee flexors muscles and to further discuss how the passive static stretching (PSS) influences vertical jump performance in order to provide a more effective warm-up routine and theoretical basis for physical education (PE) teachers and coaches. 15 male middle school students without any injury histories on lower limbs in the past 3 months were included in this study. Subjects with markers on the lower limbs performed vertical jump performance before and immediately after PSS of knee flexors muscles, respectively. A Vicon motion capture system was used to collect the kinematic data of lower limb and Kistler force platform simultaneously recorded the ground reaction force (GRF) during vertical jump. Significant differences were also found in the kinematics part. In sagittal plane, the hip, knee and ankle highest flexion angles were greater after PSS when take-off (hip: p< 0.05; knee: p< 0.01; ankle: p< 0.05); while the hip and knee highest flexion angles were greater before PSS when landing (hip: p< 0.01; knee: p< 0.05). These results showed that the increased range of motion (ROM) of hip, knee, and ankle because of PSS could boost the explosive extension of lower limb during take-off, which can potentially improve vertical jump performance, although the peak value of GRF after PSS was lower. Therefore, the PSS applied only on knee flexors muscles may have an acute effect on enhancing the vertical jump performance for well-trained young group and should be added to warm-up exercises in middle school sports class and sports training.

scholarly journals Acute Effects Of Different Stretching Durations on Vertical Jump Performance in Rhythmic Gymnasts

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (82) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuriye Özengin ◽  
Necmiye Ün Yıldırım ◽  
Gül Baltacı ◽  
Nerijus Masiulis
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnasts ◽  
Stretching Exercises

Research background. Stretching is believed to enhance performance, reduce injury, and be an effective means of developing flexibility and alleviating muscular soreness (Shellock, Prentice, 1985; Brandy et al., 1997). A review of the current literature shows that the results of many studies conflict with others; some report that static stretching diminishes vertical jum (VJ) performance (Cornwell et al., 2001; McNeal, Sands, 2003; Wallmann et al., 2005), whereas others report that static stretching has no effect at all on VJ (Church et al., 2001; Power et al., 2004; Unick et al., 2005). Research aim, was to examine the effects of different durations of stretching on performance and to find the stretching durations that affect the performance negatively or positively. Research methods. The subjects of the study were 27 rhythmic gymnasts with the mean age of 10.00 ± 1.2 years. The subjects as a whole group participated in two different stretching programs on nonconsecutive days to eliminate the effect of individual differences on the performance. On the first day, athletes were asked to warm up by 5 minute jogging after the pretest was administered. The posttest measured the vertical jump performance after athletes stayed inactive for 20 minutes. They rested for a day and on the third day, their performance was measured again. After the 5 minute warm-up period, 10 repetitions of 15 seconds static stretching exercises for hip flexor, hamstring and gastrocnemius muscle groups were followed by the posttest. Moreover, on the fifth day 30-second exercises were repeated five times on the same type of muscles. The participants in this investigation were tested in individual vertical jump performances following warm-up only, warm-up plus 15 seconds static stretching, and warm-up plus 30 seconds. Research results. Results of a one-way repeated-measures ANOVA indicated a nonsignificant difference for vertical jump performance (F = 2.052; p > 0.05). Discussion and conclusions. Stretching exercises are referred in rhythmic gymnastics more intensively than other sports. Relevant literature displays fewer stretching repetitions and durations. These durations and repetitions may not be realistic and practical for rhythmic gymnasts. Therefore, the durations and repetitions utilized in this study are considered more appropriate for rhythmic gymnastics trainings. Rhythmic gymnasts may make use of duration and repetitions determined in this study that will not affect their performance.Keywords: anaerobic power, gymnastics, exercise.

Acute Effects of a Loaded Warm-Up Protocol on Change of Direction Speed in Professional Badminton Players

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean J. Maloney ◽  
Anthony N. Turner ◽  
Stuart Miller
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Weighted Vest

It has previously been shown that a loaded warm-up may improve power performances. We examined the acute effects of loaded dynamic warm-up on change of direction speed (CODS), which had not been previously investigated. Eight elite badminton players participated in three sessions during which they performed vertical countermovement jump and CODS tests before and after undertaking the dynamic warm-up. The three warm-up conditions involved wearing a weighted vest (a) equivalent to 5% body mass, (b) equivalent to 10% body mass, and (c) a control where a weighted vest was not worn. Vertical jump and CODS performances were then tested at 15 seconds and 2, 4, and 6 minutes post warm-up. Vertical jump and CODS significantly improved following all warm-up conditions (P< .05). Post warm-up vertical jump performance was not different between conditions (P= .430). Post warm-up CODS was significantly faster following the 5% (P= .02) and 10% (P< .001) loaded conditions compared with the control condition. In addition, peak CODS test performances, independent of recovery time, were faster than the control condition following the 10% loaded condition (P= .012). In conclusion, the current study demonstrates that a loaded warm-up augmented CODS, but not vertical jump performance, in elite badminton players.

Acute effects of local vibration stretching on ankle range of motion, vertical jump performance and dynamic balance after landing

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Noriaki Maeda ◽  
Yukio Urabe ◽  
Somu Kotoshiba ◽  
Makoto Komiya ◽  
Masanori Morikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Local Vibration ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
And Performance

BACKGROUND: Local vibration (LV) used as part of the warm-up can stimulate a specific body part and muscle group, potentially increasing muscle flexibility and performance. However, the effect of its combination with static stretching (SS) has not been thoroughly examined. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the acute effectiveness of combining LV and SS (V+S) on the ROM of ankle dorsiflexion, squat jump, counter-movement jump (CMJ) and the dynamic postural stability index (DPSI). METHODS: Fifteen healthy men who were regularly involved in recreational sports participated in this study. Static Stretching, V+S, and non-stretching condition (control) were assigned randomly and the intervention period for each condition was five minutes. RESULTS: The dorsiflexion improved significantly in SS and V+S compared to the control. The CMJ height decreased significantly following SS compared to V+S and control. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that V+S improves ankle dorsiflexion ROM without compromising jump performance. Local vibration device could be an effective element in warming up but further research is warranted.

Vertical jump performance after passive static stretching of knee flexors muscles

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (192) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Mendes Leal de Souza ◽  
Gabriel Andrade Paz ◽  
Isabella Luiza Eloi ◽  
Rodrigo Dias ◽  
Marianna de Freitas Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Knee Flexors

Short duration static stretching preceded by cycling warm-up reduces vertical jump performance in healthy males

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa M. Brusco ◽  
Marcelo G. Pompermayer ◽  
Bruna W. Esnaola ◽  
Claudia S. Lima ◽  
Ronei S. Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Healthy Males

scholarly journals Unilateral and Bilateral Post-Activation Performance Enhancement on Jump Performance and Agility

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10154
Author(s):  
Alejandro Escobar Hincapié ◽  
Carlos Alberto Agudelo Velásquez ◽  
Mariluz Ortiz Uribe ◽  
Camilo Andrés García Torres ◽  
Andrés Rojas Jaramillo
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After

This study aimed to compare the effects of the post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) of two different types of warm-ups, unilateral and bilateral, on the performance in vertical jumping and agility of healthy subjects with strength training experience. In the study, 17 subjects (12 men and 5 women) performed two different PAPE protocols: unilateral squat (UT) and bilateral squat (BT). The height of the subjects’ countermovement jump (CMJ) and the subjects’ time to perform the T-agility test (TAT) were measured before and after executing the PAPE warm-up. The squats were performed at a velocity of 0.59 m·s−1 with three sets of three repetitions, with a 3-min rest between sets and a 5-min rest after both uni-and bilateral PAPE warm-ups before taking the tests again. For statistical analysis, we applied ANOVA and calculated the effect size. The results showed that the PAPE for each case decreased the CMJ height but generated significant improvements in the total time taken for the T-agility test (p < 0.01); however, in both cases, the effect sizes were trivial. In conclusion, it is possible to observe that the PAPE, performed both unilaterally and bilaterally, negatively affects the performance in the vertical jump, showing moderate effect sizes. However, both PAPE protocols show performance benefits in agility tests, with a large effect size for the unilateral protocol and moderate for the bilateral protocol.

scholarly journals Effects of a Dynamic Warm-Up, Static Stretching or Static Stretching with Tendon Vibration on Vertical Jump Performance and EMG Responses

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulent Yapicioglu ◽  
Muzaffer Colakoglu ◽  
Zafer Colakoglu ◽  
Halil Gulluoglu ◽  
Fikret Bademkiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
H Reflex ◽  
Tendon Vibration ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
T Reflex

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of static stretching, with vibration given directly over Achilles tendon, on electro-myographic (EMG) responses and vertical jump (VJ) performances. Fifteen male, college athletes voluntarily participated in this study (n=15; age: 22±4 years old; body height: 181±10 cm; body mass: 74±11 kg). All stages were completed within 90 minutes for each participant. Tendon vibration bouts lasted 30 seconds at 50 Hz for each volunteer. EMG analysis for peripheral silent period, H-reflex, H-reflex threshold, T-reflex and H/M ratio were completed for each experimental phases. EMG data were obtained from the soleus muscle in response to electro stimulation on the popliteal post tibial nerve. As expected, the dynamic warm-up (DW) increased VJ performances (p=0.004). Increased VJ performances after the DW were not statistically substantiated by the EMG findings. In addition, EMG results did not indicate that either static stretching (SS) or tendon vibration combined with static stretching (TVSS) had any detrimental or facilitation effect on vertical jump performances. In conclusion, using TVSS does not seem to facilitate warm-up effects before explosive performance.

scholarly journals Efeitos de campo operacional de instrução sobre aptidão física, dano muscular e controle autonômico de alunos do NPOR do Exército Brasileiro

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Léo Dutra Cabistany ◽  
Victor Silveira Coswig ◽  
Marcelo Vaz ◽  
Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Autonomic Control ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Peripheral Muscle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dependent Samples

Introdução: O Campo Operacional de Instrução (COI) demanda elevado esforço físico e mental.Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos das atividades de treinamento militar sobre indicadores de dano muscular periférico, de controle autonômico e de aptidão física em alunos do Núcleo de Preparação de Oficiais da Reserva (NPOR) de Pelotas.Métodos: Este estudo longitudinal, avaliou 18 alunos do curso de formação do NPOR, antes e após uma semana de atividade em COI com exercícios físicos intensos. Mensuraram-se a concentração sanguínea de creatina quinase [CK], os indicadores da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) e o desempenho dos participantes em testes de aptidão física. O teste de Shapiro-Wilk foi utilizado para avaliar a normalidade dos dados e os momentos foram comparados com teste t de Student para amostras dependentes e as correlações testadas com a prova de Pearson. O nível de confiança das análises foi de 95%.Resultados: A potência de membros superiores e inferiores diminuiu (p<0,05) e o desempenho em força isométrica máxima de preensão da mão esquerda (p=0,03) e resistência abdominal (p<0,00) aumentaram. Houve aumento na VFC (p<0,01), e tamanho do efeito negativo em todos os casos. Entre as variáveis do domínio do tempo, LF teve tamanho do efeito igual a -0,17 e HF -0,28 (p<0,001). Em [CK] não houve alteração. Houve alta correlação entre decréscimo em potência de membros inferiores (salto vertical com contramovimento) e [CK] (p=0,01).Conclusão: Os resultados em VFC sugerem que as atividades realizadas durante o COI promoveram respostas dos ramos simpático e parassimpático de forma significativa, e indicaram boa saúde cardíaca dos participantes devido ao aumento observado entre intervalos RR. Além disso, a diminuição de potência de membros inferiores (no salto vertical com contramovimento) e níveis de [CK] indicou que diferenças nos valores do desempenho, no salto vertical com contramovimento, pode ser, também, utilizado como marcador não invasivo de dano muscular. Effects of Operational Field of Instruction on Physical Fitness, Muscle Damage Markers and Autonomic Control in NPOR Students of Brazilian ArmyIntroduction: The Operational Field of Instruction (OFI) demands high physical and mental effort.Objective: To evaluate the effects of military training activities on indicators of peripheral muscle damage, autonomic control, and physical fitness in students of the Center for Reserve Officers Preparation (CROP) of Pelotas, before and after an OFI and to examine associations with muscle damage. on trainee students.Methods: This longitudinal study evaluated 18 students of the NPOR training course, before and after one week of activity in IOC with intense physical exercises. The blood concentration of creatine kinase [CK], the indicators of heart rate variability (HRV) and the performance of participants in physical fitness tests were measured. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to evaluate the normality of the data and the moments were compared with Student's t test for dependent samples and the correlations tested with the Pearson test. The confidence level of the analyzes was 95%.Results: The power of the upper and lower limbs decreased (p <0.05) and the performance in maximal isometric strength of the left hand (p = 0.03) and abdominal resistance (p <0.001) increased. There was an increase in HRV (p <0.01), and size of the negative effect in all cases. Among the variables of the time domain, LF had effect size equal to -0.17 and HF -0.28 (p <0.001). In [CK] there was no change. There was a high correlation between decrease in power of lower limbs (vertical jump with countermovement) and [CK] (p = 0.01).Conclusion: The HRV results suggest that the activities performed during the IOC promoted sympathetic and parasympathetic responses in a significant way and indicated good cardiac health of the participants due to the observed increase between RR intervals. In addition, lower limb power (in vertical jump with countermovement) and [CK] levels indicated that differences in vertical jump performance values with countermovement may also be used as a non-invasive marker of muscle damage. The abstract should not exceed 250 words and must summarize the work, giving a clear indication of the conclusions contained therein. It should be structured. The introduction should contextualize the problem. 

scholarly journals Acute Effect of Mini-Trampoline Jumping on Vertical Jump and Balance Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nada Rhouni ◽  
Nicole C. Dabbs ◽  
Trevor Gillum ◽  
Jared W. Coburn
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up

Jumping and balance are necessary skills for most athletes, and mini-trampoline training has been shown to improve them. Little is known about the acute effect of mini-trampoline jumping on jump performance and dynamic balance. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of 6 maximal jumps on a mini-trampoline on countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) variables and on balance parameters. Methods: Twenty one recreationally trained individuals participated in three testing sessions and were either allocated to a control group (N=10) or a trampoline group (N=11). All the participants performed a dynamic warm up prior to their assessments. Baseline CMVJ and balance assessments were measured. For the jump performance tests, the control group rested for 30s, and the trampoline group performed 6 maximal CMVJs on a mini-trampoline. Immediately following the trampoline jumps or the rest period, participants performed three jump trials. The jumping protocol was repeated every minute up to 5 minutes and balance was reassessed immediately after only. Results: There was no significant interaction of time by group and no group effects in all the jumping parameters, however, there was a significant increase in jump height (p <0.001) post-condition, and a significant decrease in peak power (p= 0.01) at the 4th minute for both groups. There was no significant interaction of time by condition, no time effect and no group effect (p>0.05) on the balance variables. Conclusion: These results do not support our hypothesis and show that trampoline jumping does not improve jump and balance performance acutely.

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