Effect and Effect Principle Modeling of Microcomponent

2011 ◽  
Vol 480-481 ◽  
pp. 1095-1098
Author(s):  
Xiang Tong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Formal Description ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

For the characteristic of cross-coupled multi-disciplinary research of microcomponent effect plays an important role in the MEMS system. The combination of different effects has the different component principle, then forms the different functional device, completes the different functions. Effect and effect principle modeling of microcomponent in conceptual design for microcomponent are introduced. The effect classification of microcomponent, formal description of effect, the relationship between effect and principle and function decomposing and the mapping between effect and function are described, and the effect model for microcomponent is established. The model is the basis of microcomponent conceptual design solution.

scholarly journals CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSFORMABLE PRODUCTS BASED ON CHANGES IN PRODUCT FORM AND FUNCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 641-650
Author(s):  
Haebin Lee ◽  
Muhammad Tufail ◽  
KwanMyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Product Form ◽  
Phase Model ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Sentence Form ◽  
And Function ◽  
Intention To Change ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe sentence “form follows function” is the best expression of the relationship between form and function of a product in modern product design. This implies that the form is essential to implement the function while it should be optimized and minimized for the function. Unlike general products, transformable products are designed with the intention to change the function and form of the product according to the situation. This paper presents the types and characteristics of transformable products determined by Phase Model we introduced. We collected 147 transformable product cases and analyzed them according to the change of functions and forms in each product. As a result, we classified the transformable products into four types: partial transformable product, multi-form product, multi-function product and full transformable product. We found that each type has unique characteristics with potential to drive innovation in product design field.

scholarly journals Chemokines – role in inflammatory and cancer diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 372-386
Author(s):  
Sylwia Cisoń-Jurek ◽  
Paulina Czajka-Francuz ◽  
Tomasz Francuz ◽  
Jerzy Wojnar
Keyword(s):  
Chemokine Receptors ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Function ◽  
Human Chemokines ◽  
The Relationship

Over 50 human chemokines are known at present; the number of the newly discovered compounds from this group still grows. These proteins of low molecular weight, belonging to the family of cytokines with chemotactic properties. Chemokines participate in the physiological and pathological processes of the organism. Recent papers show their role in the processes of embryogenesis, organogenesis, allergies, wound healing, angiogenesis and apoptosis, the course of viral and bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases and cancerogenesis. Chemokines play crucial role in activation and migration of immune cells. Being a key player in chronic inflammation, chemokines may interfere the processes of cellular differentiation and contribute to loss of control over proliferation. Coexistence of inflammatory and cancerogenesis processes, impact of chemokines on cells associated with the tumor and stromal cells, mechanisms of immunological escape is considered to be a current scientific issue. Newly discovered functions of chemokines may reveal their new roles and create the new therapeutic perspectives. It is important to understand the relationship between the structure and function of chemokine receptors, the regulation of their signaling pathways and the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the expression of chemokines and their receptors. This article presents the current state of knowledge regarding the construction and classification of chemokines and summarizes the most prominent roles of chemokines. Chemokines are still the subject of many scientific studies, new functions are being discovered. It gives an opportunity to limit the development of many dangerous diseases.

scholarly journals How Our Biology Constrains Our Science

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Vlerick
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Conceptual Space ◽  
Scientific Representations ◽  
The World ◽  
Biological Constraints ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Reasoning from a naturalistic perspective, viewing the mind as an evolved biological organ with a particular structure and function, a number of influential philosophers and cognitive scientists claim that science is constrained by human nature. How exactly our genetic constitution constrains scientific representations of the world remains unclear. This is problematic for two reasons. Firstly, it often leads to the unwarranted conclusion that we are cognitively closed to certain aspects or properties of the world. Secondly, it stands in the way of a nuanced account of the relationship between our cognitive and perceptual wiring and scientific theory. In response, I propose a typology or classification of the different kinds of biological constraints and their sources on science. Using Boden’s (1990) notion of a conceptual space, I distinguish between constraints relating to the ease with which we can reach representations within our conceptual space (which I call ‘biases’) and constraints causing possible representations to fall outside of our conceptual space. This last kind of constraints does not entail that some aspects or properties of the world cannot be represented by us – as argued by advocates of ‘cognitive closure’ – merely that some ways of representing the world are inaccessible to us. It relates to what Clark (1986) and Rescher (1990) have framed as ‘the alien scientist hypothesis’ (the possibility that alien scientists, endowed with radically different cognitive abilities, could produce representations of the world that are unintelligible to us). The purpose of this typology is to provide some much needed clarity and structure to the debate about biological constraints on science.

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of DNA and RNA

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).

K-MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM BASED CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL FERTILITY IN NORTH WEST NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 780-787
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hassan Hayatu ◽  
Abdullahi Mohammed ◽  
Barroon Ahmad Isma’eel ◽  
Sahabi Yusuf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
R Programming ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The Relationship

Soil fertility determines a plant's development process that guarantees food sufficiency and the security of lives and properties through bumper harvests. The fertility of soil varies according to regions, thereby determining the type of crops to be planted. However, there is no repository or any source of information about the fertility of the soil in any region in Nigeria especially the Northwest of the country. The only available information is soil samples with their attributes which gives little or no information to the average farmer. This has affected crop yield in all the regions, more particularly the Northwest region, thus resulting in lower food production.  Therefore, this study is aimed at classifying soil data based on their fertility in the Northwest region of Nigeria using R programming. Data were obtained from the department of soil science from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The data contain 400 soil samples containing 13 attributes. The relationship between soil attributes was observed based on the data. K-means clustering algorithm was employed in analyzing soil fertility clusters. Four clusters were identified with cluster 1 having the highest fertility, followed by 2 and the fertility decreases with an increasing number of clusters. The identification of the most fertile clusters will guide farmers on where best to concentrate on when planting their crops in order to improve productivity and crop yield.

Modeling Affordances and Functioning for Personalized Robotic Assistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Umbrico ◽  
Gabriella Cortellessa ◽  
Andrea Orlandini ◽  
Amedeo Cesta
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Knowledge Representation And Reasoning ◽  
Health State ◽  
Knowledge Reasoning ◽  
Cognitive Assistance ◽  
Ontological Model ◽  
And Function

A key aspect of robotic assistants is their ability to contextualize their behavior according to different needs of assistive scenarios. This work presents an ontology-based knowledge representation and reasoning approach supporting the synthesis of personalized behavior of robotic assistants. It introduces an ontological model of health state and functioning of persons based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Moreover, it borrows the concepts of affordance and function from the literature of robotics and manufacturing and adapts them to robotic (physical and cognitive) assistance domain. Knowledge reasoning mechanisms are developed on top of the resulting ontological model to reason about stimulation capabilities of a robot and health state of a person in order to identify action opportunities and achieve personalized assistance. Experimental tests assess the performance of the proposed approach and its capability of dealing with different profiles and stimuli.

DONG SON BRONZE DRUM - THE WORK OF THE LAC VIET PEOPLE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Hao
Keyword(s):  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Tribal Identity ◽  
The Relationship

Bronze drums are widely distributed, broader than the range of a nation. Therefore, the identification of each kind of drum is a basic subject, should be concerned. In determining the tribal identity of the drum, the classification of drum is the key stage, the relationship between the objective of the classification and classification criteria is the relation as shape and shadow, if there is no right criteria then the result of division will be difficult to reach the desired goal. Likewise, the criterion of the pattern on the bronze drum brought to the affirmation is the Dong Son bronze drum of the Lac Viet people. And the parallel is the affirmation of the culture, way of life, residence of the nation created the drum.

Physicianship and the Rebirth of Medical Education

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Donald Boudreau ◽  
Eric Cassell ◽  
Abraham Fuks
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Patient Centeredness ◽  
Goals Of Medicine ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
William Osler ◽  
The Relationship

This book reimagines medical education and reconstructs its design. It originates from a reappraisal of the goals of medicine and the nature of the relationship between doctor and patient. The educational blueprint outlined is called the “Physicianship Curriculum” and rests on two linchpins. First is a new definition of sickness: Patients know themselves to be ill when they cannot pursue their purposes and goals in life because of impairments in functioning. This perspective represents a bulwark against medical attention shifting from patients to diseases. The curriculum teaches about patients as functional persons, from their anatomy to their social selves, starting in the first days of the educational program and continuing throughout. Their teaching also rests on the rock-solid grounding of medicine in the sciences and scientific understandings of disease and function. The illness definition and knowledge base together create a foundation for authentic patient-centeredness. Second, the training of physicians depends on and culminates in development of a unique professional identity. This is grounded in the historical evolution of the profession, reaching back to Hippocrates. It leads to reformulation of the educational process as clinical apprenticeships and moral mentorships. “Rebirth” in the title suggests that critical ingredients of medical education have previously been articulated. The book argues that the apprenticeship model, as experienced, enriched, taught, and exemplified by William Osler, constitutes a time-honored foundation. Osler’s “natural method of teaching the subject of medicine” is a precursor to the Physicianship Curriculum.

scholarly journals Pituitary MRI characteristics in 297 acromegaly patients based on T2-weighted sequences

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia Potorac ◽  
Patrick Petrossians ◽  
Adrian F Daly ◽  
Franck Schillo ◽  
Claude Ben Slama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Optic Chiasm ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Maximal Diameter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Multimodal Management ◽  
Mri Characteristics ◽  
Weighted Sequences ◽  
The Relationship

Responses of GH-secreting adenomas to multimodal management of acromegaly vary widely between patients. Understanding the behavioral patterns of GH-secreting adenomas by identifying factors predictive of their evolution is a research priority. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the T2-weighted adenoma signal on diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in acromegaly and clinical and biological features at diagnosis. An international, multicenter, retrospective analysis was performed using a large population of 297 acromegalic patients recently diagnosed with available diagnostic MRI evaluations. The study was conducted at ten endocrine tertiary referral centers. Clinical and biochemical characteristics, and MRI signal findings were evaluated. T2-hypointense adenomas represented 52.9% of the series, were smaller than their T2-hyperintense and isointense counterparts (P<0.0001), were associated with higher IGF1 levels (P=0.0001), invaded the cavernous sinus less frequently (P=0.0002), and rarely caused optic chiasm compression (P<0.0001). Acromegalic men tended to be younger at diagnosis than women (P=0.067) and presented higher IGF1 values (P=0.01). Although in total, adenomas had a predominantly inferior extension in 45.8% of cases, in men this was more frequent (P<0.0001), whereas in women optic chiasm compression of macroadenomas occurred more often (P=0.0067). Most adenomas (45.1%) measured between 11 and 20 mm in maximal diameter and bigger adenomas were diagnosed at younger ages (P=0.0001). The T2-weighted signal differentiates GH-secreting adenomas into subgroups with particular behaviors. This raises the question of whether the T2-weighted signal could represent a factor in the classification of acromegalic patients in future studies.

scholarly journals POS1456-HPR THE SERUM IRON LEVEL MIGHT BE USEFUL IN DETERMINING THE SEVERITY OF MALNUTRITION IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1012.2-1012
Author(s):  
Y. Matsumoto ◽  
Y. Sugioka ◽  
M. Tada ◽  
T. Okano ◽  
K. Mamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Chugai Pharmaceutical ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nutritional Indicator

Background:The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, the first international criteria for diagnosis of malnutrition, was released in 2018 [1]. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are thought to be prone to malnutrition due to decreased food intake and increased muscle catabolism caused by chronic inflammation or pain. However, there has been no report to assess the nutritional status of RA patients in accordance with the GLIM criteria. In addition, commonly used blood nutrient indicators such as albumin might not be appropriate as nutritional indicators for RA because these values are affected by inflammation.Objectives:This study aims to examine the rates of malnutrition in RA patients according to GLIM criteria, and the relationship between blood nutrient indicators and the severity of malnutrition.Methods:In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 135 female RA patients in 2020. According to the GLIM criteria, patients were considered to be malnourished if patients had one of the following phenotypic: (1) low body mass index, (2) non-volitional weight loss, (3) reduced muscle mass, and one of the following etiologic: (1) reduced food intake or assimilation, (2) disease burden/inflammatory condition. Reduced muscle mass was evaluated by measuring calf circumference, and inflammatory condition was evaluated by Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28. In accordance with the GLIM criteria, the severity of malnutrition was judged as three levels: no problem, moderate, and severe malnutrition. Albumin, transthyretin, transferrin, retinol binding protein, zinc, iron, ceruloplasmin, and total cholesterol were assessed as blood nutrition indicators. Also grip strength was assessed. We compared each nutritional indicator among the three groups according to the severity of malnutrition using age-adjusted analysis of covariance, and examined the relationship between each nutritional indicator and the severity of malnutrition using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results:In RA patients, 20% were classified as severe malnutrition, and 40% were moderate or more. Serum iron levels were significantly lower in the severe malnutrition group compared to the no problem group (p = 0.001). In ROC analysis, serum iron, zinc, albumin, and grip strength (area under curve; AUC; 0.680, 0.696, 0.636, 0.790, respectively) were significant parameters for classification of moderate and severe malnutrition. Serum iron and grip strength (AUC for respective parameters were 0.741, 0.747) were significant parameters for classification of severe malnutrition.Conclusion:Evaluation based on the GLIM criteria showed that about 40% of RA patients were under moderate or severe malnutrition. It was suggested that serum iron and grip strength might be useful to predict the severity of malnutrition.References:[1]Cederholm T, Jensen GL, Correia MITD, Gonzalez MC, Fukushima R, Higashiguchi T, et al. GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition – A consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community. Clinical Nutrition 2019; 38: 1-9.Acknowledgements:We thank to Tomoko Nakatsuka, and the Center for Drug & Food Clinical Evaluation, Osaka City University Hospital, for management and collection of the study data. We also thank to study participants.Disclosure of Interests:Yoshinari Matsumoto Grant/research support from: Yamada Research Grant, Yuko Sugioka: None declared, Masahiro Tada: None declared, Tadasi Okano Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Asahikasei, Astellas Pharma Inc, Ayumi Pharmaceutical, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Daiich Sankyo, Eisai, Janssen, Lilly, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Novartis Pharma, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Teijin Pharma and UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Eisai, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation and Nipponkayaku, Kenji Mamoto: None declared, Kentaro Inui Speakers bureau: Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Astellas Pharma Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Abbvie GK, Pfizer Inc., Eisai Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Grant/research support from: anssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Astellas Pharma Inc., Sanofi K.K., Abbvie GK, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., QOL RD Co. Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Daiki Habu: None declared, Tatsuya Koike Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Astellas Pharma Inc, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai, Janssen, Lilly, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Roche, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Teijin Pharma, and UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Astellas Pharma Inc, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai, Janssen, Lilly, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Roche, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Teijin Pharma, and UCB

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