PBG Fiber Low Concentration Gas Sensor

2008 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Pawłat ◽  
Xue Feng Li ◽  
Takahiro Matsuo ◽  
Tadashi Sugiyama ◽  
Toshitsugu Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Compact Set ◽  
Gas Cell ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Photonic Bandgap Fiber ◽  
Set Up

The photonic bandgap fiber for a high-sensitivity, compact set-up, which enables the precise measurement of low concentration of gas was designed. Fiber was used instead the traditional glass gas cell during the spectroscopic measurements. Ar ion beam was proposed among the other methods to process the inlet and outlet surface of fiber and adjust it to the required parameters. The gas flow inside PBF fiber and its optical properties were investigated.

Measurement of Low Gas Concentration Using Photonic Bandgap Fiber

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Pawłat ◽  
Takahiro Matsuo ◽  
Tadashi Sugiyama ◽  
Toshitsugu Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Photonic Bandgap ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Gas Absorption ◽  
Compact Set ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Photonic Bandgap Fiber ◽  
The Core ◽  
Set Up

AbstractA high-sensitivity, compact set-up, enabling the precise measurement of a very low concentration of gas was designed. The micro-capillary gas flow phenomenon and the gas absorption inside fiber were estimated. Darcy - Weisbach equation for non-compressible flow and quasi - Panhandle equation for compressible gas flow were used for the calculation of the gas flow rate and gas velocity inside the photonic bandgap fiber. It was assumed that gas flowed mostly in the core. During the experimental part of work several types of optic fiber of various parameters were used. The core diameters ranged from 10.9 to 19.9 μm. It was possible to measure the flow rate of the nitrogen gas inside the fiber with various pressure differences on the opposite ends. Average velocity (Δp = 0.9 atm) ranged 0.17 m/s and was a little bit lower than expected.

High-Precision Gas Sensor Based on Photonic Bandgap Fiber Cell

2009 ◽  
Vol 147-149 ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Pawłat ◽  
Xue Feng Li ◽  
Tadashi Sugiyama ◽  
Takahiro Matsuo ◽  
Yurij Zimin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Photonic Bandgap ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Gas Cell ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Photonic Bandgap Fiber ◽  
New Device ◽  
Microstructured Optical Fiber

As one of applications for Microstructured Optical Fiber, a new device for measurement of low gas concentration was designed. In the developed system the Photonic Bandgap Fiber (PBGF) was used as a gas cell. Proposed technique allowed reducing gas sample volume to 0.01 cc. The gas flow inside core of fiber was simulated and result was confirmed experimentally. During the experimental work several types of fibers of various parameters were specially designed, produced and used. Core diameters ranged from 10.9 μm to 700 μm. Various cutting techniques for fibers such as using the fiber cleaver, Focused Ion Beam and Cross Section Polisher were investigated.

Fabrication of Photonic Bandgap Fiber Gas Cell Using Focused Ion Beam Cutting

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 06FK05 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Li ◽  
Joanna Pawłat ◽  
Jinxing Liang ◽  
Guan Xu ◽  
Toshitsugu Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Photonic Bandgap ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Gas Cell ◽  
Photonic Bandgap Fiber

Fabrication of Hole-Type Microcantilevers Using FIB and its Evaluations

2013 ◽  
Vol 534 ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Hoang Truong ◽  
Hayato Sone ◽  
Tomoyuki Kawakami ◽  
Sumio Hosaka
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hole Size ◽  
Q Value ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Large Hole ◽  
Conventional Type

A high sensitive mass biosensor using a piezoresistive hole-type microcantilever has been developed. To optimize the cantilever shape for high sensitivity easily, we demonstrate frame-type cantilevers with holes on the surface fabricated by Focused Ion Beam (FIB) method and evaluate their sensitivity in both air and liquid. Resonance frequency of hole-type cantilevers increased about 20% and 40% in air and in water, respectively. On the other hand, while Q value decreased from 10% to 30% in air, it increased sharply from 0% to 50% in water with increasing of hole-size. Especially, when we increased the frame size from 0.5 µm to 2.5 µm, resonance frequency changing and Q value changing in water were 60% and 125%, respectively. However, the Q value of large hole (36x60µm2) in water inversely decreased due to the decline in rigidity. The sensitivity of hole-type cantilever of Δm/Δf(hole-size = 12x12μm2; frame-size = 2.5μm) was 23.1 fg/Hz, 10 times smaller than the conventional type cantilever.

Assessment of micro and macro nutrients in poultry feeds available in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Md Didarul Islam ◽  
Ashiqur Rahaman ◽  
Fahmida Jannat
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Macro Nutrients

This study was based on to determine the concentration of macro and micro nutrients as well as toxic and nontoxic heavy metals present in the chicken feed available in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. All macro nutrients, if present in the feed at high concentration have some adverse effect, at the same time if this nutrient present in the feed at low concentration this have some adverse effect too. So that this nutrient level should be maintained at a marginal level. On the other side toxic heavy metals if present in the feed at very low concentration those can contaminate the total environment of the ecosystem. In this study six brand samples (starter, grower, finisher and layer) which was collected from different renowned chicken feed formulation industry in Bangladesh. Those samples were prepared for analysis by wet ashing and then metals were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. It was found that 27.7 to 68.4, 57.3 to 121.9, 0.21 to 4.1, 0.32 to 2.1, 0.11 to 1.58, 0.28 to 2.11 and 0.28 to 1.78 for zinc, iron, copper, mercury, cadmium, nickel and cobalt respectively. It was found that essential macro and micro nutrients were present in the feed in low concentration on the other side mercury was present in high concentration in the feed samples.

Doctrine and Dialectic in Plato’s Dialogues

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachana Kamtekar
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Set Up

Chapter 1 lays out the methodological approach employed throughout the book, which is to pay attention to the dialectical dependence of what the main speaker in the dialogue says on the intellectual problem(s) set up in the dialogue both by himself and the other speakers. To illustrate, Chapter 1 describes Socrates’ use of the method of hypotheses from the Meno and Phaedo to answer questions that go beyond his claims to knowledge in the Republic.

scholarly journals Preparation of alcohol-based handrub in COVID-19 Alsatian cluster

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elodie Di-Falco ◽  
Johan Bourbon ◽  
Isalyne Sbaffe ◽  
Jean-Daniel Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Hospital Management ◽  
Management Team ◽  
The Other ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Real Challenge

AbstractAlsace, in particular Haut-Rhin, is one of the main clusters of COVID-19 in France. There has been a shortage of essential supplies in the area, especially alcohol-based hand sanitizer. In this context, and in accordance with the decree dated March 6, 2020, our hospital management team asked us to start local production of alcohol-based handrub. This was a real challenge: In one week, we had to implement the production of handrub to meet the needs of a 1,400-bed hospital. The production had to comply with the French preparation guidelines and take place on specific premises, with qualified and calibrated equipment, by qualified staff, under the supervision of a pharmacist. The other big challenge we faced was the supply of pharmaceutical raw and packaging materials. During this particular critical period, all suppliers were out of stock. Here, we describe the organizational set-up and the decisions made, e. g., to use technical-grade ethanol before the publication of the decrees dated March 13 and March 23, 2020.

Effect of Catfish Bone Paste on the Properties of Steamed Bread

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 757-760
Author(s):  
Xiao Qing Ren ◽  
Li Zhen Ma ◽  
Xin Yi He
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Specific Volume ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Cell ◽  
A Value ◽  
Crumb Structure ◽  
Steamed Bread ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Structure Properties

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different levels of catfish bone paste to flour on the physicochemical, textural and crumb structure properties of steamed bread. Six different levels (0, 1, 3, 5, 7,10 %) of catfish bone paste to flour were used in the formulation of the steamed bread. The results showed that the weight loss and TTA of steamed bread decreased with an increase in the levels of the catfish bone paste. On the other hand, the pH increased with an increase in the levels of the catfish bone paste. The specific volume, hardness, chewiness and gas cell structure in the crumb of steamed bread with catfish bone paste at 5% supplementation level were better. Thus, a value of 5% catfish bone paste was considered a better level for incorporation into the steamed bread.

scholarly journals Astronomy to understand a human environment

1998 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 211-213
Author(s):  
S. Isobe
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Science Courses ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Environmental Problems ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Set Up ◽  
School Period

Astronomy is an important science in understanding a human environment. However, it is thought by most politicians, economists, and members of the public that astronomy is a pure science having no contribution to daily human activities except a few matters relating to time. The Japanese government is studying a reorganisation of our school system to have 5 school days per week, instead of 6 days per week, and this July its committee made a recommendation to reduce school hours for science and set up new courses for practical computers and environmental science. I currently made a proposal. It is very difficult for most of the school pupils, who will have non-scientific jobs, to understand science courses currently taught in school, because each science is taught independently from the other sciences. Therefore, their knowledge of sciences obtained during their school period does not greatly help their understanding of global environmental problems.

Resistless Patterning of Magnetic Storage Media Using Ion Projection Structuring

2001 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dietzel ◽  
R. Berger ◽  
H. Grimm ◽  
C. Schug ◽  
W. H. Bruenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Development ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Magnetic Storage ◽  
Magnetic Islands ◽  
Superlattice Structure ◽  
Head Positioning ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCo/Pt thin film multilayers with strong perpendicular anisotropy and out-of-plane coercivities of 5-11 kOe were magnetically altered in areas of local ion beam interaction. The ion irradiations were performed by ion projection through silicon stencil masks fabricated by silicon on insulator (SOI) membrane technology. The ion projector at the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Technology (ISiT) was operated at 73 keV ion energy and with a 8.7- fold demagnification. After exposure to 3 × 1014Ar+/ cm2 magnetic islands smaller than 100 nm in diameter were resolved in the Co/Pt multilayersby means of magnetic force microscopy. The impact of different ion species (He+, Ar+ and Xe+) and ion energies (10 – 200 keV) on the multilayer structure was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. The ballistic interface intermixing was used to predict magnetic coercivity changes for various irradiation conditions. The simulations revealed that with 73 keV Ar+ and Xe+ ions the irradiation dose could be reduced by a factor of 100 and 400 respectively in comparison to 73 keV He+which was verified in the experiments. X-ray reflectivity measurements confirmed that the Co/Pt superlattice structure is slightly weakened during the irradiation and that the surface smoothness of the media is preserved. Using the Ion Projection Process Development Tool (PDT) at IMS-Vienna concentric data tracks including head positioning servo informations were patterned onto a 1” IBM microdrive™ glass disk which was coated with Co/Pt multilayers. In a single exposure step several tracks within an exposure field of 17 mm in diameter were structured by 2 × 1015He+/ cm2 at 45 keV using a 4- fold demagnification set-up.

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