SAMPLING SYSTEMS FOR EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE), EGGS ON APPLE IN NOVA SCOTIA

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 1519-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert ◽  
K. P. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Tree Population ◽  
Sampling Systems ◽  
Mature Apple ◽  
Whole Tree

AbstractA study was conducted in a mature apple orchard in Nova Scotia to compare the density of eggs of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), over the whole tree to their density on a selected area using a random selection and standard selection technique. Both methods provided nearly equivalent estimates of population densities for generations 2 and 4 but not for generation 3. The population estimates based on sampling from the selected area overestimated the whole tree population.Optimum allocation of sampling resources may be obtained by sampling a small number of clusters from each of a large number of trees.

THE INFLUENCE OF SPRAY PROGRAMS ON THE FAUNA OF APPLE ORCHARDS IN NOVA SCOTIA: XX. TRENDS AFTER ALTERING LEVELS OF PHYTOPHAGOUS MITES OR PREDATORS

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Sanford ◽  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Typhlodromus Pyri ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Predacious Species

AbstractUtilizing the knowledge of their direct effects, the materials ryania, carbaryl, and Animert V-101 applied to a uniformly distributed population of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), altered the populations in plots in an apple orchard. Trends after treatment in both host mite and predator populations were assessed. Supplementary applications of the acaricides Animert V-101 or dicofol directed against certain generations of P. ulmi controlled outbreaks and altered the faunal levels during the following season. Ryania was largely innocuous to most species of predators with the exception of Atractotomus mali (Meyer) and Diaphnocoris spp., carbaryl was detrimental to most predacious species, and Animert V-101, while selectively toxic to phytophagous mites, was innocuous to all predacious insects and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten.Phytophagous mite populations may be altered to almost prescribed levels with pesticides when the predator populations are known. This allows selective chemicals to be used to complement the predator effect and maintain red mites below the threshold of damage.

DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPHAGOUS AND PREDACIOUS MITES ON APPLE TREES IN NOVA SCOTIA

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert ◽  
K. P. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Predacious Mites ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Predacious Mite ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
Lower Position ◽  
Zetzellia Mali ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali ◽  
Mature Apple

AbstractThe relative densities of phytophagous and predacious mites within mature apple trees were examined. The eggs of phytophagous mites Aculus schlechtendali (Nal.) and Panonychus ulmi (Koch) were more numerous in the lower position of the tree while the reverse was true for the predacious mite Zetzellia mali (Ewing) and its eggs.

Effects of Increasing the Nitrogen Level of Apple Leaves on Mite and Predator Populations

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 924-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Lord ◽  
D. K. R. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Population Balance ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Predacious Species

Prior to 1950 the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi Koch, was a major pest in Nova Scotia apple orchards, and brown mite, Bryobia arborea M. and A., was practically non-existent. Lord (1949), showed that the sulphur fungicides, commonly in use up to that time, were detrimental to some of the predacious species and toxic to the brown mite. After 1950 red mite populations became negligible and, although the brown mites increased, they did not become sufficiently abundant to cause economic damage. This shift of population balance in Nova kotia orchards has been attributed to the gradual replacement of sulphur and other detrimental materials by pesticides less harmful to predators of the mites (Pickett 1953).

COMPARISONS BETWEEN AN EXOTIC AND AN ENDEMIC PHYTOSEIID MITE PREDATOR (ACARINA: PHYTOSEIIDAE) IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 773-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Downing ◽  
T. K. Moilliet
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Phytoseiid Mite ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Amblyseius Fallacis ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Mite Predator ◽  
Phytoseiid Predator

AbstractIn 1972, an organophosphate resistant strain of the phytoseiid predator Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) from Michigan compared favourably with the endemic Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt, from Summerland, B.C., in laboratory and greenhouse trials against European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and was later released into an orchard. By August 1972, A. fallacis had decreased whereas population densities of T. occidentalis increased. Examination of leaves and bark from the trees, and weeds, grass, and litter beneath the trees in 1973 confirmed that A. fallacis failed to survive in the Okanagan environment.

LIMITS OF EACH STAGE IN POPULATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Seasonal History ◽  
Mite Mortality

AbstractField populations of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), in Nova Scotia were separated into eggs, larvae, protonymphs, deutonymphs, and adults and the length of time each stage was present for each generation was determined in 1967 and 1968. The duration of each generation was similar in both years, although the diapause eggs hatched later in 1967 than in the succeeding year. Detailed information on the seasonal history is necessary in assessing red mite mortality and in timing of chemical controls of this pest.

Occurrence and Food of Some Coccinellids (Coleoptera) in Ontario Peach Orchards

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wm. L. Putman
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Adalia Bipunctata ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
European Red Mite

AbstractTen species of the larger, primarily aphidophagous, coccinellids were present in peach orchards of the Niagara Peninsula. Adalia bipunctata (L.) and Coccinella trifasciata perplexa Mulsant were the commonest. All were most numerous in the spring while the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), was present but their population densities were low at all times, apparently because suitable prey was scarce. They were not attracted to dense populations of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and were of no importance as predators of peach pests.At least 7 species were bivoltine but the second generation was only partial.

PREDICTING ECLOSION OF OVERWINTERING EGGS OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE), IN NOVA SCOTIA

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert ◽  
K. B. McRae
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Nonlinear Equations ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
European Red Mite

AbstractEclosion of overwintering eggs of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), in Nova Scotia was studied at four constant temperatures. Days to 50% hatch were 44.8, 23.1, 12.9, and 8.8 while the rates of development were 2.18, 4.53, 7.59, and 11.34% per day at 8°, 12°, 16 °and 20 °C, respectively. Nonlinear equations were developed to estimate the time to 50% hatch of overwintering eggs as a function of temperature. A weighted average of the daily extreme temperatures was used to improve the estimated time to 50% hatch for field data from the rates of development in the constant temperature studies.

SAMPLING SYSTEMS FOR EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE): II. EFFECT OF SPUR CLUSTER SIZE ON MITE DISTRIBUTION

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-550
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert ◽  
K. P. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Size ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Sampling Systems ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between the distribution of Panonychus ulmi (Koch) and cluster size was examined. As the population intensity increased, P. ulmi numbers and distribution tended to be more closely related to the number of leaves in a cluster.

CONTAGIOUS DISTRIBUTION IN THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI (KOCH), AND A METHOD OF GRADING POPULATION DENSITIES FROM A COUNT OF MITE-FREE LEAVES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Pielou
Keyword(s):  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Assessment Of Performance ◽  
Narrow Zone ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Mite Density ◽  
The Mean

Examination of a large number of 100-leaf samples shows that the European red mite is distributed contagiously, not randomly, on leaves of apple trees. When the mean number of mites per leaf is plotted against the proportion of mite-free leaves for the corresponding sample, the points fall in a narrow zone, steepest and narrowest at the lower densities. Following application of miticides to heavily infested trees, it is usual to summarize the findings of the tests by grading the performance of the chemicals as excellent, good, etc. according to mite density as determined by s total count from the 100-leaf sample. A method is outlined, in which, by making use of plotted values, a count of mite-free leaves only is sufficient to allow the assessment of performance in such categories.

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