REARING METHODS AND DEMOGRAPHIC STATISTICS FOR A SUBTERRANEAN MORPH OF THE SUGARBEET ROOT APHID (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Campbell ◽  
William D. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Pemphigus Betae ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rearing Methods ◽  
Rearing Experiment

AbstractA reliable method for rearing the subterranean summer morph of the sugarbeet root aphid, Pemphigus betae Doane, is described. Field-collected aphids were reared using hydroponic growth pouches that allowed exposed root tissue to be fed on by P. betae. The aphid has been maintained in continuous culture for over 3 years. Open pouches were subsequently modified with cages to provide more successful mass rearing. Cages placed on the pouch were devised to provide an arena that concentrated aphids on one area of the pouch, minimized wandering behavior, and ensured a more vigorous colony. During a 10-week mass rearing experiment, caged pouches consistently averaged 120.8 ± 9.6(se) aphids per cage (fourth instars and adults) following 2-week incubation periods. Caged pouches also were used to isolate individual aphids for development and fecundity studies. Age-specific life tables were developed for P. betae using both open pouches at 20°C, and caged pouches at 24°C. Although the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was lower at 20°C on a daily time scale (rm = 0.2314 versus 0.2591), rm was significantly greater at 20°C on a degree-day (DD > 7.6°C) time scale (rm = 0.0187 versus 0.0158). The difference on a DD basis resulted primarily from a longer time interval from birth to first reproduction (TFR) at 24°C(TFR = 158.5 versus 147.1 DD at 20°C). These results corroborate previous experience with P. betae, indicating that 20°C appeared to be an optimum temperature for mass rearing. Stable age distributions for P. betae cohorts were only slightly affected by temperature; on average approximately 55, 22, 11, 7, and 5% of the aphids were first, second, third, and fourth instars, and adults, respectively. Though similar studies have not been reported for other Pemphigus spp., all demographic statistics were characteristic of many foliar-feeding aphids held under similar constant temperature conditions.

scholarly journals KESESUAIAN TELUR KEPIK KEDELAI UNTUK PEMBIAKAN MASSAL Anastatus dasyni FERR. (HYMENOPTERA: EUPELMIDAE), PARASITOID TELUR KEPIK LADA

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
IWA .M. TRISAWA ◽  
A. RAUF ◽  
U. KARTOSUWONDO ◽  
N. MARYANA ◽  
A. NURMANSYAH
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Nezara Viridula ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Immature Development ◽  
Rate Of Increase

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Anastatus dasyni Ferr. adalah parasitoid telur kepik lada, Dasynuspiperis China. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji kesesuaian telur kepikkedelai Riptortus linearis dan Nezara viridula sebagai inang untukpembiakan massal parasitoid A. dasyni. Imago parasitoid A. dasyni yangberasal dari lapangan dipelihara secara terpisah pada telur dari kedua jeniskepik kedelai. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap biologi A. dasyni yangmeliputi masa perkembangan pradewasa dan berbagai parameter kehi-dupan imago betina. Selain itu, dilakukan analisis neraca hayati denganmenggabungkan data perkembangan dan sintasan pradewasa, masa hidupimago dan reproduksi, serta nisbah kelamin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa masa perkembangan larva dan pupa A dasyni pada telur N. viridulalebih singkat serta laju peneluran lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada telur R.linearis. Imago betina A. dasyni yang keluar dari telur N. viridula hanya1,81%, sedangkan dari telur R. linearis sebanyak 70,20%. Oleh karena itu,parameter neraca hayati hanya dapat dihitung dari parasitoid yangdipelihara pada telur R. linearis. Laju pertambahan intrinsik parasitoidadalah (r) 0,1870, masa generasi (T) 27,51 hari, reproduksi bersih (Ro)84,29, laju pertambahan terbatas (λ) 1,21, dan nilai reproduksi (RVx)402,51. Proporsi persebaran usia stabil (px) adalah 17,06% telur, 50,41%larva, 26,53% pupa, dan 6,02% imago. Telur kepik kedelai R. linearisdapat digunakan untuk pembiakan massal A. dasyni.</p><p>Kata kunci : Anastatus dasyni, Dasynus piperis, Riptortus linearis,Nezara viridula, parasitoid, pembiakan massal</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Suitability of soybean bug eggs for mass rearing ofAnastatus dasyni Ferr. (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), anegg parasitoid of pepper bug</p><p>Anastatus dasyni Ferr. is an important egg parasitoid of pepper bug,Dasynus piperis China. Research was conducted with the objectives tostudy the suitability of eggs of soybean bugs Riptortus linearis and Nezaraviridula for mass rearing of A. dasyni. Adults of A. dasyni collected fromthe field were inoculated separately on eggs of two species of soybeanbugs. Biological parameters such as immature development and adultlongevity were observed daily. Lifetable parameters were calculated on thebasis of development and survival of immature, reproduction, and sexratio. Our studies revealed that parasitoid developing on Nezara viridulaeggs had shorter larval and pupal development and higher in ovipositionrate than those on Riptortus linearis eggs. However, parasitoids emergedfrom N. viridula eggs only 1.81% were females, while from R. lineariseggs were 70.20%. Therefore, lifetable parameters can only be generatedfrom parasitoid reared on R. linearis eggs. The intrinsic rate of increase (r)mean generation time (T) 0.1870, 27.51 days, 84.29, 1.21, and 402.51respectively net reproductive rate (Ro), finite rate of increase (λ), andreproductive value (RVx). The stable stage distribution (px) were 17,06%eggs, 50,41% larvae, 26,53% pupae, and 6,02% adults. Eggs of soybeanbug R. linearis can be used for mass rearing of parasitoid A. dasyni.</p><p>Key words : Anastatus dasyni, Dasynus piperis, Riptortus linearis,Nezara viridula, parasitoid, mass rearing</p>

REPRODUCTION AND POPULATION GROWTH OF THE PEA APHID (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY AND FIELD CONDITIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Campbell ◽  
M. Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Total Fecundity

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the age-specific fecundity and the survival of apterous and alate virginoparous pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), from Kamloops, B.C., was measured. Demographic statistics were estimated for 10.3°, 14.8°, 19.7°, 26.1°, and 27.8°C constant and for fluctuating field temperatures. On a 24-h-day time-scale, temperature and longevity were inversely related in both morphs; total fecundity was highest at average and low constant temperatures. On a physiological time-scale, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was insensitive to changes in constant temperature in the range between 10° and 20°C; temperatures above 25°C were detrimental to aphid population growth and survival. Alate virginoparae generally had a longer pre-reproductive period and achieved a lower mean total fecundity than apterae maintained under identical conditions. The usefulness of laboratory measurements for the prediction of population growth under variable field temperatures is discussed. Differences in the reproductive patterns of alate and apterous pea aphids are considered in the context of the r- and K-hypothesis of selection.

Fertility life table and biology of Tetrastichus giffardianus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in the larvae of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Elania Clementino Fernandes ◽  
Mariana Macedo Souza ◽  
Dori Edson Nava ◽  
Janisete Gomes Silva ◽  
Elton Lucio Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Required

Abstract Tetrastichus giffardianus is a gregarious koinobiont endoparasitoid of tephritids, including Ceratitis capitata, which is one of the most important fruit pests worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of constant temperatures on the biology and development of the egg-adult period of T. giffardianus in larvae/pupae of C. capitata to construct a fertility life table. The study was carried out in climatic chambers at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% relative humidity and a photophase of 12 h. Complete egg and larval development occurred only at temperatures of 20, 25, and 30°C. The mean longevity of males and females was inversely proportional to temperature. The time of development of the pre-imaginal period was influenced by temperature and ranged from 41 days at 20°C to 11 days at 25°C. The best T. giffardianus performance occurred at 25°C when the intrinsic rate of increase was 0.21, the mean generation time was 20.43 days, the time required to double the population was 3.33 days, and the finite rate of population increase (λ) was 1.23. The results of this study provided information for the establishment of mass rearing and an evaluation of the adaptability of T. giffardianus to different environments, which is necessary for the use of this parasitoid in the biological control of tephritid pests, particularly C. capitata.

scholarly journals Effect of Duration of Exposure to Males on Female Reproductive Performance of the Green Lacewing, Chrysoperla agilis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Athanasiadis ◽  
Maria L. Pappas ◽  
George D. Broufas
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wide Range

Chrysoperla agilis Henry et al. is one of the five cryptic species of the carnea group found in Europe. They are known to widely occur in agricultural fields and survive and reproduce in a wide range of temperatures. The reproductive biology of the cryptic species is poorly known, especially regarding the number of matings required for the females’ maximum reproductive output. We recorded the egg production and longevity of virgin females, as well as of females that had access to males for 1 week or for their lifetime. Longevity of C. agilis females with access to males was similar whether these were present for 1 week or for their lifetime (64.8 and 66.1 days, respectively). On the other hand, oviposition was higher in the long-term exposure to males (302.1 vs. 421.1 eggs, respectively). Virgin females lived longer (94.1 days) than mated females and laid a low number (54.5) of (unfertile) eggs. Egg hatchability and progeny sex ratio were similar in treatments with males. Nevertheless, the highest value (0.1321) of intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was recorded when females were continuously exposed to males. These results are relevant to biological control and could be applicable in mass-rearing C. agilis and predicting its population dynamics in the field.

scholarly journals Influence of temperature on the biology of Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
, Vijaya ◽  
Pala Ram
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Female Longevity

Effect of temperature on the biology of <em>Aenasius arizonensis</em> (Girault) (=<em>Aenasius bambawalei</em> Hayat) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of solenopsis mealybug, <em>Phenacoccus solenopsis</em> Tinsley, was studied at four constant temperatures <em>viz</em>. 20±1, 25±1, 30±1 and 35±1<sup>0</sup>C. Mealybugs were reared on sprouted potatoes. The parasitoid completed its development at all the temperatures studied and males developed faster than the females. For males and females, respectively, total development period was 30.56, 24.16, 13.40 and 11.60 days and 34.40, 26.20, 14.88, and 12.04 days at 20±1, 25±1, 30±1 and 35±1<sup>0</sup>C, respectively. The daily and total fecundity (number of hosts parasitised) was 1.42, 1.82, 3.17, 2.16 and 57.13, 63.15, 65.60, 37.46 at 20±1, 25±1, 30±1 and 35±1<sup>0</sup>C, respectively. Female parasitoids parasitised mealy bugs on the day of emergence at all the temperatures. At respective temperatures oviposition and post-oviposition periods were 35.86, 33.60, 18.93, 15.53 days and 2.86, 2.26, 2.60 and 2.33 days, respectively. Parasitoid males were short lived as compared to females at all the temperatures. The male and female longevity, respectively, was 23.06, 17.26, 13.20, 10.33 days and 38.66, 34.53, 20.86, 17.86 days at 20±1, 25±1, 30±1 and 35±1<sup>0</sup>C, respectively. Sex-ratio (male: female) was in favour of female parasitoids (1: 1.1 to 1: 1.2) at all the temperatures. Net reproductive rate (36.41), intrinsic rate of increase (0.155) and finite rate of increase (1.168) were maximum at 30±1<sup>0</sup>C indicating this temperature to be the most favourable for the development and reproduction of the parasitoid. Males emerged out from the small sized mummies (2.28×1.20mm) whereas; large sized mummies (2.90×1.59mm) yielded mostly the female parasitoids. Males were generally smaller in size (1.26×0.58mm) as compared to female parasitoids (1.84×0.89mm). The results of the present studies could be useful in establishing a mass rearing programme for the parasitoid.

scholarly journals Effects of Three Artificial Diets on Life History Parameters of the Ladybird Beetle Stethorus gilvifrons, a Predator of Tetranychid Mites

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Jafar Ebrahimifar ◽  
Parviz Shishehbor ◽  
Arash Rasekh ◽  
Seyed Ali Hemmati ◽  
Eric W. Riddick
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Ladybird Beetle ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Stethorus Gilvifrons ◽  
Survival And Reproduction

Background: The ladybird beetle Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant) is an important natural enemy of tetranychid mites and functions as a biological control of these plant pests. The development, survival and reproduction of S. gilvifrons were studied when fed on three artificial diets. The components of the artificial diet that S. gilvifrons could be reared successfully on for one generation with no use of tetranychid mites were examined. Methods: Artificial diets consisted of sucrose, honey, royal jelly, agar, yeast, date palm pollen supplemented in different diets with hen’s egg yolk (AD1, as basic diet), Ephestia kuehniella Zeller eggs (AD2), or E. kuehniella eggs and 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (AD3). Results: Adults and larvae of Stethorusgilvifrons fed on AD1 had a shorter immature development and preoviposition periods than those fed on AD2 and AD3. The total number of deposited eggs was significantly higher for the females fed on AD3 than on the other diets. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) of S. gilvifrons was highest on AD3, followed by AD2, and AD1. Conclusion: Stethorus gilvifrons performed best on AD3, indicating the potential of this artificial diet for the mass rearing of this important predatory ladybird beetle.

AGE, FECUNDITY, WEIGHT, AND THE INTRINSIC RATE OF INCREASE OF THE LUPINE APHID MACROSIPHUM ALBIFRONS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Frazer ◽  
B. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Thermal Threshold ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Table Model ◽  
Life Table Model ◽  
Threshold Of Development

AbstractThe fecundity, survivorship, and rate of development of the lupine aphid Macrosiphum albifrons Essig were determined and summarized into life tables from which the intrinsic rate of increase was computed. The life tables, using a time scale in days, were converted to a variable life table model using a physiological time scale based on an estimated thermal threshold of development of 3.59° (± 0.587°). A method of determining age and fecundity of adult aphids was developed from weight and embryo content. The use of intrinsic rate of increase and of the method of aging in field population dynamics are discussed.

Influence of temperature on the development and reproduction of Cinara cedri (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Lachninae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yingchao Ji ◽  
Guohua Li ◽  
Chenggang Zhou ◽  
Shuyan Yin
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Development Duration

Abstract Temperature is one of the main factors affecting insect growth, development and reproduction. The effects of temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C) on the development and reproduction of Cinara cedri Mimeur (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Lachnidae) fed on Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don were evaluated in this study. With the increase of temperature from 10 to 30°C, the development duration at different development stages gradually shortened. There was a significant positive correlation between the developmental rates and temperature, following a quadratic regression model. The lower developmental threshold temperature (C) and effective accumulated temperatures (K) for completing a generation were 4.13°C and 263.4 degree-days, respectively. The highest fecundity was observed at 20°C with 25.74 first-instar nymphs/female. Both the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r, 0.11 ± 0.03) and net reproduction rate (R0, 19.06 ± 2.05) were observed at 20°C, whereas the lowest values of r (0.05 ± 0.01) at 10°C and R0 (5.78 ± 0.88) at 30°C were observed. The results suggest that temperature significantly affects the biology of C. cedri and the optimal temperature for its development is 20°C.

Ambient Humidity Affects Development, Survival, and Reproduction of the Invasive Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limei He ◽  
Shengyuan Zhao ◽  
Abid Ali ◽  
Shishuai Ge ◽  
Kongming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Ambient Humidity ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Forecasting ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Net Reproduction

Abstract Ambient humidity can directly affect the water balance in insects. The migratory fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, has spread to more than 60 countries and regions in Africa, Asia, and Oceania that have a great difference in average ambient humidity. Understanding the effects of ambient humidity changes on its development, survival, and reproduction can help to predict its population dynamics in different habitats. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of atmospheric relative humidity (RH) on the development, survival, and reproduction and soil moisture on the pupation and emergence of fall armyworm. As a result, survival and pupal mass increased significantly with increasing RH. Among the five RHs tested, 80% RH was the most suitable for fall armyworm with the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproduction rate (R0). The population growth at the different RHs in decreasing order was 80 &gt; 100 &gt; 60 &gt; 40 &gt; 20%. A relative moisture (RM) of soil from 6.80 to 47.59% was suitable for fall armyworm pupation, survival, and eclosion, but fall armyworm could not pupate normally in soil with 88.39 and 95.19% RM. The survival and emergence rate of fall armyworm pupae were reduced by irrigation that increased the RM after the mature larvae entered the soil. These findings may be helpful for refining laboratory rearing protocols, population forecasting, and management of fall armyworm.

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