A Note on the Occurrence of the Larch Sawfly in Alaska

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-672
Author(s):  
Donald C. Schmiege
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly

Larvae of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), were collected in Alaska in 1965. This is the first record of this insect in Alaska. On 26 and 27 July 1965, stands of tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch, were examined at 16 locations along the Richardson Highway southeast of Fairbanks. Larch sawfly larvae were collected from 12 of the stands examined. Collection locations are shown in Fig. 1.

HOST DERIVED CHEMICALS: THE BASIS FOR PREFERENTIAL FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE), ON TAMARACK, LARIX LARICINA

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Wagner ◽  
T. Ikeda ◽  
D. M. Benjamin ◽  
F. Matsumura
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Short Shoots ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Preferential Feeding

AbstractLarch sawfly larvae, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig), naturally reject single needles of newly elongated shoots and consume only tufted foliage from 1 year or older short shoots of tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch. Forest entomologists have recognized this unusual feeding behavior for over a century, but not until now has the mechanism been understood. In the bioassasy of unpurified single needle methanol extracts (concn. 1 g needle/ml), 88.5% of the larvae were feeding on the control end of the bioassay twig (solvent only) after 4 h. This was significantly different from a similar bioassay of tufted foliage extract (t-value significant at 0.02 level) and a non-treated control bioassay (distilled water on both ends of bioassay twig) (t-value significant at 0.01 level). In the bioassay of a purified extract of single tamarack needles (TLC fraction 7), 81% of larvae were feeding on the untreated end (t-value significant 0.02). Thin-layer chromatography fraction 7, of eight fractions delineated, alone induced significant feeding inhibition.

VITAL DYES AS MARKERS FOR BEHAVIORAL AND POPULATION STUDIES OF THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Heron
Keyword(s):  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Nile Blue ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Vital Dyes ◽  
Flight Range ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Adult Dispersal ◽  
Dye Retention

AbstractLarvae of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), were fed foliage of tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch, treated with solutions of the vital dyes, Nile blue sulphate, rhodamine B, and coriphosphine O, to determine their suitability as markers. Coriphosphine O was highly toxic at the concentrations administered but successful tagging was obtained with the other two dyes. Optimal dye retention and survival were obtained when larvae were fed for 3 days early in the last stadium using Nile blue sulphate and throughout the last stadium using rhodamine B.Both dyes persisted throughout development and were incorporated in the cocoons and the oviposited eggs. They could be readily seen in all stages except for the cocoons and for eggs that contained rhodamine B. The dyes could be detected in cocoons by treating them with cold KOH followed by ethanol. The presence of rhodamine B in the eggs could be ascertained by its yellow fluorescence in ultraviolet.The dyes incorporated in the cocoons are relatively stable and laboratory tests indicate they probably can withstand weathering under normal field conditions over a 1-year period.The use of these dyes for internal marking should prove useful in studying adult dispersal and flight range and as a technique for use in population studies of the larch sawfly.

Effects of Defoliation on Survival of Larvae of the Larch Sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.)

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 887-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. H. Ives
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Searching Behaviour ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Larval Movement

AbstractThe searching behaviour of fifth-instar larch sawfly larvae on artificially defoliated tamarack branches and trees is discussed. Local defoliation is shown to be capable of causing appreciable mortality among early-instar larvae if feeding damage by earlier colonies forces them to wander in search of food. Air temperature affects the distance and rate of such larval movement. A considerable proportion of dislodged fifth-instar larvae are able to reach foliage and resume feeding on nearby host trees.

HEAD CAPSULE MEASUREMENTS OF THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE) IN KOUCHIBOUGUAC NATIONAL PARK, NEW BRUNSWICK

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Maltais
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
National Park ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly

The larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), is a serious defoliator of trees of the genus Larix and particularly of Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch in eastern Canada. According to Reeks (1954), four outbreaks occurred in the Maritime Provinces between 1883 and 1942. Following the last outbreak, few specimens of the insect were found in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island until 1960 when an outbreak started near Fredericton, New Brunswick. Since, outbreaks varying in degree from moderate to severe have persisted throughout this province.In the course of a study on the ecology and population dynamics of the insect it was found necessary to verify and separate the various developmental stages of the larvae.

RECENT OUTBREAK OF THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HARTIG), IN SUBARCTIC QUÉBEC

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad Cloutier ◽  
Louise Filion
Keyword(s):  
General Characteristic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Long Shoots

AbstractLarch sawfly oviposition activity as revealed by scarring of long shoots of eastern larch, Larix laricina (DuRoi) K. Koch, was measured at various locations in the high boreal forest and forest tundra in Québec in 1988 and 1989. The data show that larch sawfly is established up to the tree line, even on isolated larch growing under climatic conditions that are extreme for this tree. Frequency distributions of scarred shoots as a function of time suggest thai larch sawfly populations reached outbreak levels in the 1980s, with peak numbers in 1981 for the high boreal, and in 1985 for the subarctic regions sampled. Trends in long shoot production by larch trees started to fluctuate simultaneously with the sudden increase in larch sawfly populations along the Grande Rivière de la Baleine in 1984. In this region in 1985, the proportion of long shoots used by Pristiphora erichsonii averaged 20–35%, which may have limited further population increase. Although foliage reduction and branch mortality were observed, mortality of whole trees was not a general characteristic of this outbreak.

Influence of Plants other than the Food Plants of their Host on Host-Finding by Tachinid Parasites

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 641-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Monteith
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
High Degree

Earlier work indicated that food plants of the tenthredinid sawflies attacked by Drino bohemica Mesn. and Bessa harveyi Tns. influence host-finding by these tachinid parasites (Monteith, 1955, 1958a). There is a high degree of interaction between stimuli produced by the host larvae and by their food plants (Monteith, 1955, 1958b).It was observed during field studies that the percentage parastism by B. harveyi of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), varied with increasing height above the ground and in different sections of tamarack trees, Larix larician (DuRoi) K. Koch, on which the sawfly larvae were feeding. It appeared that shrubs and trees other than L. laricina influenced host-finding by B. harveyi.

THE NATURAL IMMUNITY OF THE LARCH SAWFLY (PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HTG.)) TO THE INTRODUCED PARASITE MESOLEIUS TENTHREDINIS MORLEY, IN MANITOBA AND SASKATCHEWAN

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Muldrew
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Ringer’S Solution ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Effective Inhibition ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Immunity Reaction

By 1945 it was suspected that the larch sawfly in Saskatchewan and Manitoba had developed an immunity to the introduced parasite Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley. Results of subsequent studies showed that embryonic development of M. tenthredinis in sawfly larvae from Manitoba and Saskatchewan was inhibited three to four days after oviposition. No such inhibition occurred in larvae from British Columbia where the parasite is still highly effective. Inhibition seemed to be related to the deposition of phagocytic capsules around parasite embryos, which occurred in host larvae from Manitoba and Saskatchewan but not in larvae from British Columbia. Encapsulated parasite embryos were shown to be viable, for a number of them hatched after being placed in Ringer's solution. Viability decreased with age. Some embryos were viable seven months after oviposition, though the normal incubation period is 7 to 10 days. Unencapsulated embryos developed more rapidly than encapsulated embryos in Ringer's solution. Results obtained indicate that the phagocytes of the larch sawfly from Manitoba and Saskatchewan play an important role in the immunity reaction of this insect to M. tenthredinis.

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