scholarly journals Do Stress Trajectories Predict Mortality in Older Men? Longitudinal Findings from the VA Normative Aging Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Aldwin ◽  
Nuoo-Ting Molitor ◽  
Avron Spiro ◽  
Michael R. Levenson ◽  
John Molitor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Growth Mixture Model ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Relationship

We examined long-term patterns of stressful life events (SLE) and their impact on mortality contrasting two theoretical models: allostatic load (linear relationship) and hormesis (inverted U relationship) in 1443 NAS men (aged 41–87 in 1985;M= 60.30, SD = 7.3) with at least two reports of SLEs over 18 years (total observations = 7,634). Using a zero-inflated Poisson growth mixture model, we identified four patterns of SLE trajectories, three showing linear decreases over time with low, medium, and high intercepts, respectively, and one an inverted U, peaking at age 70. Repeating the analysis omitting two health-related SLEs yielded only the first three linear patterns. Compared to the low-stress group, both the moderate and the high-stress groups showed excess mortality, controlling for demographics and health behavior habits, HRs = 1.42 and 1.37,ps<.01and<.05. The relationship between stress trajectories and mortality was complex and not easily explained by either theoretical model.

scholarly journals The relationship between chronic pain and health-related quality of life in long-term social assistance recipients in Norway

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1457-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borghild Løyland ◽  
Christine Miaskowski ◽  
Steven M. Paul ◽  
Espen Dahl ◽  
Tone Rustøen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The Role of Human Capital in the Economic Development and Social Welfare In Albania

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjola Mitaj ◽  
Klodian Muco ◽  
Jonida Avdulaj
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
University Education ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Relationship

Continuously, the relation between education and economic development has been the focus of development researchers’ studies that study long-term growth. While theoretical models recognize education as the key to a country's economic growth (Bassanini and Scarpetta, 2001; Fuente and Ciccone, 2003; Jones, 2005 Bassanini, 2007), the importance of education is very low in empirical models.The reason for this discrepancy is that for a long time education is measured by the years attended in school and not by the knowledge and skills gained, which according to an OSCE study, a student competences growth of 100 points (measuring unit) produces an increase of 2% of GDP per capita. Thanks to this identification, education is recognized as one of the main keys to development.Various empirical studies show that productivity can be increased through training (Barrett and O'Connell, 2001; Scrutinio et al., 2006). In sum, these studies show that pre university, university education and training courses positively affect the increase of production, which in turn can positively affect the economic development of a country.Thus, this article tends to evaluate the role of Albanian human capital in economic development of the country considering the relationship between education and productivity.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship Between Substance Use and Allostatic Load in a Treatment/Research Cohort and in a US Probability Sample (NHANES 2009–2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Rogers ◽  
David H. Epstein ◽  
Karran Phillips ◽  
Justin C. Strickland ◽  
Kenzie L. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Metabolic Systems ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cumulative Strain ◽  
Treatment Research ◽  
The Relationship

Allostatic load, an operationalization for cumulative strain on physiology from adaptation (allostasis) to stress over a lifetime, can manifest as damage to cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and metabolic systems. The concept of allostatic load may be particularly useful in research on substance-use disorders (SUDs) because SUD researchers have sought to better understand the relationship between chronic stressors and drug use. Theoretical models hold that SUDs can be conceptualized as a spiral toward a state of persistent allostasis (i.e., allostasis so persistent as to represent homeostasis at a new, unhealthy set point). Regardless of the extent to which those models are accurate, increased allostatic load could be a mechanism by which frequent drug administration increases risk for adverse outcomes. We conducted two secondary analyses to evaluate allostatic load in the context of drug use, including alcohol use, in a locally recruited sample with a high proportion of illicit substance use (N = 752) and in a nationally representative sample from the NHANES 2009–2016. We hypothesized that after controlling for age and other potential confounds, people with longer histories of drug use would have higher allostatic-load scores. Multiple regression was used to predict allostatic load from participants' drug-use histories while controlling for known confounds. In the locally recruited sample, we found that longer lifetime use of cocaine or opioids was related to increased allostatic load. In NHANES 2009–2016, we found few or no such associations. Lengthy histories of problematic non-medical substance use may facilitate more rapid increases in allostatic load than aging alone, and, together with findings from previous investigations, this finding suggests increased risk for chronic disease.

Socially Connected but Still Isolated: Smartphone Addiction Decreases Social Support Over Time

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Herrero ◽  
Alberto Urueña ◽  
Andrea Torres ◽  
Antonio Hidalgo
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Growth Mixture Model ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Recent literature has suggested that smartphone addiction is negatively associated with users’ psychosocial well-being. Much of the research on this subject, however, is of a correlational nature, which has been pointed out as an important limitation that does not allow distinguishing the antecedents of the consequences. In this study, 416 smartphone users were followed for 1 year (three waves separated by 6 months each) to assess the relationship between smartphone addiction and social support. Cross-lagged model results indicated that social support predicts later addiction to the smartphone and that smartphone addiction decreases social support over time. Growth mixture model results indicated that the decrease in social support during the follow-up year was higher for users with greater smartphone addiction at the beginning of the study. Multivariate and univariate analyses of variance indicated that some personal characteristics of users (extroversion, neuroticism, and sensation-seeking) could affect the evolution of social support related to smartphone addiction. In general, these results suggest that the extensive use of a social communication technology such as the smartphone could have the paradoxical effect of diminishing the psychosocial well-being of its users.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THINKING PATTERNS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS OF STRESS

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl King Duvall
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immune Disorder ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Stress Processing ◽  
Physiological Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between thinking patterns and physiological symptoms of stress in individuals with an auto-immune syndrome. Using the Stress Processing Report (SPR), 216 females reported symptoms of stress, illness, and significant stressful life events. Scores on four dimensions (self, others, process and goals) were significantly lower in the individuals with the auto-immune disorder when compared to the control group of 277 females from the general population. The sample group was then divided into high and low stress groups by the number of subjective symptoms of stress reported. Scores were found to be significantly lower in the high stress group when compared to the low stress group. Results indicate that individuals with the auto-immune disorder have more dysfunctional thinking patterns than the general population, and that these patterns correlate with the severity of their subjective complaints.

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