scholarly journals Dissemination and persistence of Pseudomonas spp. in small-scale dairy farms

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Michele Nucera ◽  
Sara Lomonaco ◽  
Patrizia Morra ◽  
Marco Francesco Ortoffi ◽  
Daniele Giaccone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Milk Contamination ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Continuous Source ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

This study was aimed at collecting data on presence, dissemination and persistence of <em>Pseudomonas</em> in small-scale dairy farms. Six farms (located in Piedmont) were visited three times over 2014: 116 waters (wells and different faucets/pipes) and 117 environmental samples (milking equipments and drains) were collected. Enumeration of <em>Pseudomonadaceae</em> was performed, 3-5 colonies/samples were selected for identification via 16SrDNA/oprI polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and typed by enterobacterial-repetitive- intergenic-consensus (ERIC)-PCR. Pseudomonadaceae were detected in 77% of samples. No statistical differences were found among proportions of positives across farms, sample typologies and seasons. Most isolates were <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em> (45%), and ERIC-PCR showed 32 persistent types diffused across farms. All in all, <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. represents a challenge, considering its presence over time in water as well as in teat cups, indicating a continuous source of contamination. Moreover, persistency of strains may indicate biofilm-formation and/or sanitisers resistance, therefore emphasising the role of primary production for preventing milk contamination by <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp.

scholarly journals Correlation between staphylococcal biofilm formation in vitro and potential for catheter-related infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 368-372
Author(s):  
Salwa Oufrid ◽  
Zineb Ghazlane ◽  
Loubna Jamali ◽  
Fatima El Otmani ◽  
Mustapha Talmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Catheter Infection ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Virulence Trait ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Introduction: The present study evaluated biofilm-forming capacity and the presence of both icaA and icaD genes among staphylococcal strains isolated from catheter-related infections and blood culture. Methodology: Ninety staphylococcal isolates, which included 45 strains of catheter infection origin and 45 strains of blood culture origin, were tested for their ability to produce biofilm using microtiter test plates and a catheter test. The presence of icaA and icaD genes was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Of the 45 strains of catheter infection origin, 22 (48.88%) formed biofilm. In comparison, only 10 (22.22%) of the 45 strains of blood culture origin formed biofilms. Similar results were obtained from both the microplate test and catheter test. In the 32 strains that were able to form biofilm, 30 were positive for icaA and icaD genes, and the remaining 2 strains were negative for both genes. Fifteen staphylococcal strains of all origins presented only the icaA locus and did not form biofilm. In 88 of 90 tested strains (97.77%), there was a positive correlation between biofilm production and presence of icaA and icaD genes, and between no biofilm production and absence of both or only one of the tested genes. Conclusions: The ability of staphylococcal isolates to form biofilm in vitro appears to be an indication of a virulence trait that enhances the ability of isolates to cause catheter-related infections. In addition, our results indicate an important role of ica genes and phenotypic variability of biofilm production as virulence factors in staphylococcal infections.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Escherichia coli from neighboring small-scale dairy farms

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Andrei Rosales-Castillo ◽  
Ma. Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas ◽  
Hugo Álvarez-Hernández ◽  
Omar Chassin-Noria ◽  
Alba Irene Varela-Murillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

scholarly journals Decreased Expression of GPER1 Gene and Protein in Goiter

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Weber ◽  
Ana Paula Santin Bertoni ◽  
Laura Walter Bessestil ◽  
Ilma Simoni Brum ◽  
Tania Weber Furlanetto
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Protein Expressions ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Goiter is more common in women, suggesting that estrogen could be involved in its physiopathology. The presence of classical estrogen receptors (ERαand ERβ) has been described in thyroid tissue, suggesting a direct effect of estrogen on the gland. A nonclassic estrogen receptor, the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER1), has been described recently in several tissues. However, in goiter, the presence of this receptor has not been studied yet. We investigated GPER1 gene and protein expressions in normal thyroid and goiter using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot, respectively. In normal thyroid (n=16) and goiter (n=19), GPER1 gene was expressed in all samples, while GPER1 protein was expressed in all samples of normal thyroid (n=15) but in only 72% of goiter samples (n=13). When comparing GPER1 gene and protein levels in both conditions, gene expression and protein levels were higher in normal thyroid than in goiter, suggesting a role of this receptor in this condition. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of GPER1 in normal thyroid and goiter.

scholarly journals Macrophage migration inhibitory factor may play a protective role in osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Liu ◽  
Zikun Xie ◽  
Guang Sun ◽  
Liujun Chen ◽  
Dake Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Migration Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Macrophage Migration ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis and the major cause of disability and overall diminution of quality of life in the elderly population. Currently there is no cure for OA, partly due to the large gaps in our understanding of its underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a procytokine that mediates pleiotropic inflammatory effects in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). However, data on the role of MIF in OA is limited with conflicting results. We undertook this study to investigate the role of MIF in OA by examining MIF genotype, mRNA expression, and protein levels in the Newfoundland Osteoarthritis Study. Methods One hundred nineteen end-stage knee/hip OA patients, 16 RA patients, and 113 healthy controls were included in the study. Two polymorphisms in the MIF gene, rs755622, and -794 CATT5-8, were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and PCR followed by automated capillary electrophoresis, respectively. MIF mRNA levels in articular cartilage and subchondral bone were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Plasma concentrations of MIF, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results rs755622 and -794 CATT5-8 genotypes were not associated with MIF mRNA or protein levels or OA (all p ≥ 0.19). MIF mRNA level in cartilage was lower in OA patients than in controls (p = 0.028) and RA patients (p = 0.004), while the levels in bone were comparable between OA patients and controls (p = 0.165). MIF protein level in plasma was lower in OA patients than in controls (p = 3.01 × 10−10), while the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in plasma were all significantly higher in OA patients than in controls (all p ≤ 0.0007). Multivariable logistic regression showed lower MIF and higher IL-1β protein levels in plasma were independently associated with OA (OR per SD increase = 0.10 and 8.08; 95% CI = 0.04–0.19 and 4.42–16.82, respectively), but TNF-α and IL-6 became non-significant. Conclusions Reduced MIF mRNA and protein expression in OA patients suggested MIF might have a protective role in OA and could serve as a biomarker to differentiate OA from other joint disorders.

scholarly journals Role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene polymorphisms in osteoporosis: A study in Chinese post-menopausal women

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 205873921876729
Author(s):  
An Wan ◽  
Daodong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Pai 1

Osteoporosis is a chronic multifactorial disease characterized by deterioration of bone mass and is vulnerable to bone fracture. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is an important molecule for maintenance of optimum bone mass. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PAI-1 have been reported to alter PAI-1 expression and/or the translational level. In this report, we explored the possible role of common PAI-1 gene polymorphisms on predisposition to osteoporosis in a Chinese cohort. A total of 364 post-menopausal Chinese women diagnosed of having osteoporosis and 350 healthy females hailing from similar areas were enrolled in this study. Five common SNPs (−844G > A, −6754G/5G, +43G > A, +9785G > A and +11053T > G) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Relative expression of PAI-1 mRNA and plasma PAI-1 levels were quantified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Prevalence of homozygous mutant (5G/5G) and minor allele (5G) of PAI-1 (−675 4G/5G) polymorphism was significantly more frequent in patients than in healthy controls (5G/5G: P < 0.0001, odds ratio (OR) = 3.18; 5G: P < 0.0001, OR = 1.65). Both plasma PAI-1 and relative mRNA expression levels were significantly lower in patients compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, the quantity of plasma PAI-1 and mRNA expression was correlated with PAI-1 (−675 4G/5G) polymorphism: subjects with 4G/4G genotype had elevated PAI-1 in comparison to homozygous mutant, and displayed lower quantity of PAI-1 protein and mRNA values. PAI-1 (−675 4G/5G) mutant is associated with susceptibility to development of osteoporosis in post-menopausal Chinese women. Furthermore, this variant in the promoter region alters plasma protein levels and relative expression of PAI-1.

scholarly journals Clinical assessement of the 8 genes on chromosome 3 with also MGMT gene promoter regions methylaton status in patients with breast cancer luminal hystotype

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
D. A. Ryabchikov ◽  
I. K. Vorotnikov ◽  
T. P. Kazubskaya ◽  
S. S. Lukina ◽  
E. A. Filippova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background. Epigenetic changes of TSG are supposed as the most fine and active genes regulation mechanism in particular breast cancer (BC) genes pathway development. The most valuable results are awaited for methylation role of genes located on the short arm of chromosome 3 with also MGMT gene (10q26) in BC pathogenesis because of their ambiguous data for methylation status in tumors. Objective: to illustrate the specific methylation role of the RASSF1A, SEMA3B, RARß2, RHOA, GPX1, USP4, DAG1, NKIRAS1 and MGMT genes promoter regions in BC pathogenesis. Materials and methods. Sample set of 174 BC patients consists of tumor and surrounding histologically normal tissue that were collected and clinically characterized in the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology. Two substantive methods were used to evaluate DNA methylation status. To analyse RASSF1A, SEMA3B, RARß2 and MGMT genes methylation we used polymerase chain reaction specific for the methylated allele. Whereas for analyses RHOA, GPX1, USP4, DAG1, NKIRAS1 promoter regions genes methylation status was used methyl sensitive restriction analyses with 2 methyl sensitive endonuclaeses HpaII and HhaI with subsequent polymerase chain reaction. Results. A statistically significant high frequency of RASSF1A, SEMA3B, RARß2, and MGMT genes methylation in epithelial breast tumors compared with histologically normal tissue from the same patients was shown. Significant correlation of RARß2 and MGMT genes methylation frequency considering the different clinical and morphological characteristics of the malignant process was revealed. The statistically significant relationship between methylation of RASSF1A, RARß2 and MGMT genes and patient survival is shown for the first time. Conclusion. The findings of epigenetic changes in the luminal BC supplement the “molecular picture” of this cancer and contribute to an understanding of its pathogenesis. The revealed features of investigated genes methylation can find clinical application for the development of modern approaches to prognosis, prevention and choice of tactics for treatment of BC in females of the Moscow region.

scholarly journals Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 Genes with Vesicoureteral Reflux Susceptibility in the Children of Southeast Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima SHAHROKHZADEH ◽  
Azam SOLEIMANI ◽  
Dor-Mohammad KORDI-TAMANDANI ◽  
Mohammad Hossein SANGTARASH ◽  
Omid NEJATI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Eastern Iran ◽  
Multifunctional Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) disease is the most common type of urinary tract anomalies in children. Genetic risk factors may be associated with the etiology of VUR. The role of the Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) as multifunctional enzymes is cellular oxidative stress handling. This is the first study aimed at evaluating the relative risk of GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms in VUR susceptibility in children and provides new important insights into the genetics of affected children. Methods: The study was done in 2013 in Sistan and Baluchestan University, eastern Iran. Genotyping of three GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 genes were determined using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay in 216 reactions for 72 VUR children and 312 reactions for 104 healthy controls. Results: The presence of GSTT1 deletion was associated with high risk of VUR in children, whereas GSTP1 and GSTM1 genotypes did not show the same effect. Furthermore, the combination of GSTT1/GSTM1 and GSTT1/ GSTP1 genotypes showed a significant influence on lower risk of VUR in children. Conclusion: Deletion of GSTT1 functional gene is a genetic risk factor causing VUR in children. Interestingly, the combination of GSTM1 and GSTP1 null genotypes with GSTT1 has shown a protective role against risk of GSTT1 deletion.

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