scholarly journals IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN CHILDREN RESIDING IN HIGH AND LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES: RISK FACTORS, PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e2020041 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELPIS MANTADAKIS
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Short Supply

Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) affect approximately two billion people worldwide and most of them reside in low- and middle-income countries. In these countries, additional causes of anemia include parasitic infections like malaria, other nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases, hemoglobinopathies and lead poisoning. Maternal anemia in resource-poor nations is associated with low birth weight, increased perinatal mortality and decreased work productivity. Maintaining a normal iron balance in these settings is challenging, as iron-rich foods with good bioavailability are of animal origin that are expensive and/or available in short supply. Apart from infrequent consumption of meat, inadequate vitamin C intake and diets rich in inhibitors of iron absorption are additional important risk factors for IDA in low-income countries. In-home iron fortification of complementary foods with micronutrient powders has been shown to effectively reduce the risk of iron deficiency and IDA in infants and young children in developing countries but is associated with unfavorable changes in gut flora and induction of intestinal inflammation that may lead to diarrhea and hospitalization. In developed countries, iron deficiency is the only frequent micronutrient deficiency. In the industrialized world, IDA is more common in infants beyond the sixth month of life, in adolescent females with heavy menstrual bleeding, in women of childbearing age and elderly people. Other special at-risk populations for IDA in developed countries are regular blood donors, endurance athletes and vegetarians. Several medicinal ferrous or ferric oral iron products exist, and their use is not apparently associated with harmful effects on the overall incidence of infectious illnesses in sideropenic and/or anemic subjects. Further research is needed to clarify the risks and benefits of supplemental iron for children exposed to parasitic infections in the third world, and for children genetically predisposed to iron overload.

Comparison of Various Treatment Modalities of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Pramya Nanjundan
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Health Goal ◽  
Public Health Goal ◽  
Anemia In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT More than a quarter of the world’s population is anemic, with about one half of the burden from iron deficiency. Iron deficiency anemia occurs when iron deficiency is severe enough to diminish erythropoiesis and cause the development of anemia. The prevention and treatment of iron deficiency is a major public health goal especially in women, children, and individuals from low-income countries. How to cite this article Nanjundan P. Comparison of Various Treatment Modalities of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy. World J Anemia 2017;1(1):23-26.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Korea: The Fifth Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1)

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 5170-5170
Author(s):  
Jeong-Ok Lee ◽  
Soo-Mee Bang ◽  
Hyoung Soo Choi ◽  
Soyeon Ahn ◽  
Ju Hyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Abstract 5170 Iron deficiency (ID) is the most important cause of anemia in the world. The contribution of ID to anemia and causes of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is heterogeneous between different populations. We analyzed the prevalence and risk factors of iron deficiency anemia among participants of the fifth Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010 (KNHANES V-1). In this survey, stratified, multistaged, probability-sampling designs and weighting adjustments were conducted to represent the entire Korean population. Anemia was defined in accordance to WHO criteria: Hemoglobin (Hb) less than 11. 5 g/dL in aged 10 to 11 years, less than 12. 0 in aged 12 to 14 years, less than 13 g/dL in men >15 years, and less than 12 g/dL in non-pregnant women. ID was defined as a transferrin saturation lower than 10% or serum ferritin levels lower than 15 μg/L. IDA was confirmed with concomittent anemia with ID. Persons with active malignancy were excluded. In addition to age and sex, we analyzed the correlation between IDA and individual socioeconomic status including income, education and marriage, nutritional status based on Korean dietary reference intakes, body mass index, eating habits, body weight changes and so on. In a total of 6689 (3010 men and 3679 women) over 10 years of age, the prevalence of IDA was 0. 82% (95% CI 0. 25–1. 39) for men and 8. 01% (6. 84–9. 18) for women. (p <0. 001) Among 470 anemic women, 56% was associated with iron deficiency. In women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years), the prevalence of ID and IDA was 31. 4% and 11. 5%, respectively. IDA accounted for 13. 5% of all anemia in the elderly (>65 years). IDA prevalence in the elderly had no significant sexual difference. (0. 78 % in men and 1. 21% in women aged 65 to 74 years, 4. 11% in men and 4. 92 % in women aged > 75 years). IDA was more prevalent in persons with low income (the bottom 25% of participants vs others, 5. 6% vs 4. 2%, p=0. 024), high education level (at least a high school graduate vs others, 5. 3% vs 2. 4%, p=0. 0002), low BMI (mass(kg)/((height(m))2) (<18. 5 vs ≥18. 5 and <25 vs ≥25, 11. 1% vs 4. 8% vs 2. 9%, p< 0. 0001), and deficient daily iron intake (less than the estimated average requirement (EAR) vs EAR and more; 8. 7% vs 3. 4%, p<0. 0001). In conclusion, iron deficiency is major cause of anemia especially in women of reproductive ages, and elderly regardless of gender. A variety of socioeconomic and nutritional factors can affect the development of IDA. Screening for IDA in high risk population, modification of correctable risk factor and proper early treatment with nutritional support are mandatory. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency anemia in Chinese pregnant women (IRON WOMEN): a national cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Tan ◽  
Guolin He ◽  
Yana Qi ◽  
Hongmei Yang ◽  
Yiquan Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Background: The current evidence about anemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy remains elusive in China. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of anemia and IDA and their risk factors in Chinese pregnant women.Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey of pregnant women was conducted during their antenatal visits. Using a multi-stage sampling method, 24 hospitals from 16 provinces across China were selected. Structured questionnaires were administered to collect information from participants and to extract clinical data from electronic medical records. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were performed to determine the risk factors associated with anemia and IDA.Results: In total, 12,403 pregnant women were enrolled, including 1,018 (8.2%) at the first trimester, 3,487 (28.1%) at the second, and 7,898 (63.7%) at the third. Overall, 19.8% of women were diagnosed with anemia and 13.9% were diagnosed with IDA. The prevalence of anemia and IDA varied among regions and increased by gestational month, peaking at the eighth gestational month (24.0% for anemia and 17.8% for IDA). Pregnant women at advanced stage of gestation, non-local residents, multiple gestations, multiparity, pre-pregnancy underweight, and those experiencing severe nausea or vomiting during pregnancy, were associated with higher risks of anemia and IDA.Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia and IDA during pregnancy are similar to those from developed countries and vary across regions in China.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency anemia in Chinese pregnant women (IRON WOMEN): a national cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Tan ◽  
Guolin He ◽  
Yana Qi ◽  
Hongmei Yang ◽  
Yiquan Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Background: The current evidence about anemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy remains elusive in China. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of anemia and IDA and their risk factors in Chinese pregnant women.Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey of pregnant women was conducted during their antenatal visits. Using a multi-stage sampling method, 24 hospitals from 16 provinces across China were selected. Structured questionnaires were administered to collect information from participants and to extract clinical data from electronic medical records. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were performed to determine the risk factors associated with anemia and IDA.Results: In total, 12,403 pregnant women were enrolled, including 1,018 (8.2%) at the first trimester, 3,487 (28.1%) at the second, and 7,898 (63.7%) at the third. Overall, 19.8% of women were diagnosed with anemia and 13.9% were diagnosed with IDA. The prevalence of anemia and IDA varied among regions and increased by gestational month, peaking at the eighth gestational month (24.0% for anemia and 17.8% for IDA). Pregnant women at advanced stage of gestation, non-local residents, multiple gestations, multiparity, pre-pregnancy underweight, and those experiencing severe nausea or vomiting during pregnancy, were associated with higher risks of anemia and IDA.Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia and IDA during pregnancy are similar to those from developed countries and vary across regions in China.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency anemia in Chinese pregnant women (IRON WOMEN): a national cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Tan ◽  
Guolin He ◽  
Yana Qi ◽  
Hongmei Yang ◽  
Yiquan Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Background: The current evidence about anemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy remains elusive in China. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of anemia and IDA and their risk factors in Chinese pregnant women.Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey of pregnant women was conducted during their antenatal visits. Using a multi-stage sampling method, 24 hospitals from 16 provinces across China were selected. Structured questionnaires were administered to collect information from participants and to extract clinical data from electronic medical records. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were performed to determine the risk factors associated with anemia and IDA.Results: In total, 12,403 pregnant women were enrolled, including 1,018 (8.2%) at the first trimester, 3,487 (28.1%) at the second, and 7,898 (63.7%) at the third. Overall, 19.8% of women were diagnosed with anemia and 13.9% were diagnosed with IDA. The prevalence of anemia and IDA varied between regions and increased by gestational month, peaking at the eighth gestational month (24.0% for anemia and 17.8% for IDA). Pregnant women at advanced stage of gestation, non-local residents, multiple gestations, multiparity, pre-pregnancy underweight, and those experiencing severe nausea or vomiting during pregnancy, were associated with higher risks of anemia and IDA.Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia and IDA during pregnancy are similar to those from developed countries and vary across regions in China.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of anemia in under five-year-old children in children’s hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Kanchana . ◽  
Madhusudan Sr. ◽  
Sam Ahuja ◽  
Niranjan Nagaraj
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Global Public Health

Background: Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. This study is conducted to assess the proportion of children, aged between 6 months to 5 years having anemia and risk factors of iron deficiency anemia among selected children with anemia. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in 500 children between the age of 6 months to 5 years, who were admitted (in patients) to the Department of Pediatrics of Dr. BR Ambedkar Medical College, Bangalore, were selected and screened for anemia by hemoglobin estimation. This study was carried out from November 2012 to April 2014. Among those children with hemoglobin <11 g/dl, were screened for iron deficiency anemia (Serum ferritin estimation is done). Among these 500 children, 100 children with a hemoglobin level of 11 gm/dl and serum ferritin <12 μg/L were taken up for detailed study. All the collected data was tabulated and statically analysed by using appropriate methods Results: 77.8% of screened children were found to have anemia. In studied children 38% had mild anemia, 54% had moderate anemia and 8% had severe anemia. Male outnumbered than female in the ratio of 1.17:1. More than 50% presented with acute gastroenteritis.79% of anemic children had malnutrition. 24% of anemic children were low birth weight. Dimorphic anemia was common in 6months to 5 years age group. Mean hemoglobin level was 9.26. Mean ferritin, mean serum iron, TIBC, transferrin saturation was 7.23 μg/l, 52.60μg/dl, 346.89mg/dl and 16.31% respectively Conclusions: The diet deficient in iron and other essential nutrients is the single most important cause of anemia in children of this age Diarrhea was the chief associated symptom in more than half the cases studied. Hence it is essential to make provision for safe drinking water and to improve sanitary facilities periodic deworming measure is advised, to reduce parasitic infestation which also contributes to the development of anemia.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency anemia in Chinese pregnant women (IRON WOMEN): a national cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Tan ◽  
Guolin He ◽  
Yana Qi ◽  
Hongmei Yang ◽  
Yiquan Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Background The current evidence about anemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy remains elusive in China. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of anemia and IDA and their risk factors in Chinese pregnant women. Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey of pregnant women was conducted during their antenatal visits. Using a multi-stage sampling method, 24 hospitals from 16 provinces across China were selected. Structured questionnaires were administered to collect information from participants and to extract clinical data from electronic medical records. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were performed to determine the risk factors associated with anemia and IDA. Results In total, 12,403 pregnant women were enrolled, including 1018 (8.2%) at the first trimester, 3487 (28.1%) at the second, and 7898 (63.7%) at the third. Overall, 19.8% of women were diagnosed with anemia and 13.9% were diagnosed with IDA. The prevalence of anemia and IDA varied among regions and increased by gestational month, peaking at the eighth gestational month (24.0% for anemia and 17.8% for IDA). Pregnant women at advanced stage of gestation, non-local residents, multiple gestations, multiparity, pre-pregnancy underweight, and those experiencing severe nausea or vomiting during pregnancy, were associated with higher risks of anemia and IDA. Conclusions The prevalence of anemia and IDA during pregnancy are similar to those from developed countries and vary across regions in China.

scholarly journals Profile of iron deficiency anemia among junior high school students

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Dewi Iriani ◽  
Alan R. Tumbelaka ◽  
Sri Sudaryati Nasar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Junior High School Students ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
School Students

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a serious significant public health problem, since it’s negative impact on physicaland psycological development, behavior and work capacity. There are many risk factors influencing the development of IDA.A cross-sectional study has been conducted in 301 Junior High School students at East Jakarta in January-February 2000.A structural questionnaire, physical, cell blood count (CBC) and Serum Iron ( SI ) examinations were performed. We foundsome of the many variables were connected with IDA by using bivariat analysis. Anemia was found in 41 out of 301 students(13,6%) and only 25 children (8.3%) suffered from IDA. Among 179 female students, only 33 children (18.5%) were anemicand 20 out of 33 (12.0%) have IDA. Bivariat analysis revealed a significant association between IDA with sex, parent’seducation, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) scores, and menstruation. It is concluded that the prevalence of IDA in thisstudy was lower than found in some previous studies in Indonesia. Gender, menstruation, low educated parents, and low FFQscores were risk factors for IDA.

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