scholarly journals Analysis of Injury Incidences in Male Professional Adult and Elite Youth Soccer Players: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 410-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Pfirrmann ◽  
Mark Herbst ◽  
Patrick Ingelfinger ◽  
Perikles Simon ◽  
Suzan Tug
Keyword(s):  
Data Extraction ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
American Football ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
High Level

Context: The incidence of injury for elite youth and professional adult soccer players is an important concern, but the risk factors for these groups are different. Objective: To summarize and compare the injury incidences and injury characteristics of male professional adult and elite youth soccer players. Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE and Web of Science using the search terms elite, international, European, soccer, football, injury, injuries, epidemiology, incidence, prevalence, not female, not American football, and not rugby. We also used the search terms professional for studies on professional adult soccer players and high-level, soccer academy, youth, adolescent, and young for studies on elite youth soccer players. Study Selection: Eligible studies were published in English, had a prospective cohort design, and had a minimum study period of 6 months. To ensure that injury data were assessed in relationship to the athlete's individual exposure, we included only studies that reported on injuries and documented exposure volume. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers applied the selection criteria and assessed the quality of the studies. Data Synthesis: A total of 676 studies were retrieved from the literature search. Eighteen articles met the inclusion criteria: 6 for elite youth and 12 for professional adult soccer players. Conclusions: Injury rates were higher for matches than for training for both youth and adult players. Youth players had a higher incidence of training injuries than professionals. Efforts must be made to reduce the overall injury rate in matches. Therefore, preventive interventions, such as adequately enforcing rules and focusing on fair play, must be analyzed and developed to reduce match-related injury incidences. Reducing training injuries should be a particular focus for youth soccer players.

scholarly journals Commercial tobacco and indigenous peoples: a stock take on Framework Convention on Tobacco Control progress

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raglan Maddox ◽  
Andrew Waa ◽  
Kelley Lee ◽  
Patricia Nez Henderson ◽  
Genevieve Blais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Indigenous Participation

BackgroundThe health status and needs of indigenous populations of Australia, Canada and New Zealand are often compared because of the shared experience of colonisation. One enduring impact has been a disproportionately high rate of commercial tobacco use compared with non-indigenous populations. All three countries have ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), which acknowledges the harm caused to indigenous peoples by tobacco.Aim and objectivesWe evaluated and compared reporting on FCTC progress related to indigenous peoples by Australia, Canada and New Zealand as States Parties. The critiqued data included disparities in smoking prevalence between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples; extent of indigenous participation in tobacco control development, implementation and evaluation; and what indigenous commercial tobacco reduction interventions were delivered and evaluated.Data sourcesWe searched FCTC: (1) Global Progress Reports for information regarding indigenous peoples in Australia, Canada and New Zealand; and (2) country-specific reports from Australia, Canada and New Zealand between 2007 and 2016.Study selectionTwo of the authors independently reviewed the FCTC Global and respective Country Reports, identifying where indigenous search terms appeared.Data extractionAll data associated with the identified search terms were extracted, and content analysis was applied.ResultsIt is difficult to determine if or what progress has been made to reduce commercial tobacco use by the three States Parties as part of their commitments under FCTC reporting systems. There is some evidence that progress is being made towards reducing indigenous commercial tobacco use, including the implementation of indigenous-focused initiatives. However, there are significant gaps and inconsistencies in reporting. Strengthening FCTC reporting instruments to include standardised indigenous-specific data will help to realise the FCTC Guiding Principles by holding States Parties to account and building momentum for reducing the high prevalence of commercial tobacco use among indigenous peoples.

Dexrazoxane: A New Cardioprotective Agent

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly D Abbott ◽  
Cindy M Ippoliti
Keyword(s):  
Supportive Care ◽  
English Language ◽  
Bolus Dose ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Clinically Significant

Objective: To review the literature discussing the use of dexrazoxane (e.g., Zinecard, ICRF-187) to prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Data Sources: Pertinent English-language reports of studies in humans were retrieved from a MEDLINE search (January 1980-January 1997); search terms included chelating agents, razoxane, dexrazoxane, Zinecard, ICRF-187, ADR-529, and ICRF-159. Study Selection: Representative articles discussing the chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, dosing, and administration of dexrazoxane and those discussing clinical trials were selected. Data Extraction: Data were extracted and analyzed if the information was relevant and consistent. Studies were selected for review in the text on the basis of study design and clinical end points. Data Synthesis: Dexrazoxane is a chemoprotective agent developed to prevent cardiac tissue toxicity. Dexrazoxane exerts a cardioprotective effect with some clinically significant toxicities; it may also interfere with the antitumor activity of doxorubicin. Until there are sufficient data to support its use in first-line supportive care therapy, dexrazoxane should be reserved for use in patients responding to doxorubicin-based chemotherapy but who have risk factors for cardiac toxicity or have received a cumulative doxorubicin bolus dose of 300 mg/m2. Conclusions: The management of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity has led to the development of supportive care drugs that specifically counteract the dose-limiting toxicities. Dexrazoxane may not completely eliminate the concern about doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, but it may open new avenues for continuing doxorubicin-based chemotherapy.

Stiripentol: A Novel Antiseizure Medication for the Management of Dravet Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1136-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia L. Buck ◽  
Howard P. Goodkin
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dravet Syndrome ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Refractory Seizures

Objective: To describe the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of stiripentol in the treatment of refractory seizures in patients with Dravet syndrome. Data Sources: A search of the English language literature was conducted using PubMed and MEDLINE (1978 to April 2019) with the search terms stiripentol, Dravet syndrome, and refractory epilepsy. Other resources included article bibliographies, prescribing information, and relevant trials at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ . Study Selection and Data Extraction: All phase 1, 2, or 3 trials; observational studies; and retrospective studies were analyzed. Data Synthesis: In controlled studies, stiripentol has been shown to reduce seizure frequency by 50% or more in 40% to 70% of patients with Dravet syndrome. Reductions in seizure duration and episodes of status epilepticus have also been documented. Common adverse effects include somnolence and anorexia. Stiripentol inhibits the metabolism of clobazam and valproate, often requiring dose adjustment. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Stiripentol, a direct allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors, offers a novel approach to treatment in patients with Dravet syndrome, both with and without pathogenic variants of the sodium channel α-1 subunit gene, and potentially other refractory seizures. Although available outside the United States for a decade, it was only recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for patients 2 years of age and older with Dravet syndrome taking clobazam. Conclusions: Stiripentol is an effective adjunctive therapy for reducing the frequency and duration of refractory seizures in patients with Dravet syndrome. Its role in the treatment of other refractory epilepsies requires further study.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury on Natural Grass Versus Artificial Turf in Soccer: 10-Year Data From the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 232596712093443
Author(s):  
Mark Howard ◽  
Samantha Solaru ◽  
Hyunwoo P. Kang ◽  
Ioanna K. Bolia ◽  
George F.R. Hatch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Artificial Turf ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Natural Grass ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is prevalent among National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) soccer players. Controversy remains regarding the effect of the surface type on the rate of ACL injury in soccer players, considering differences in sex, type of athletic exposure, and level of competition. Hypothesis: Natural grass surfaces would be associated with decreased ACL injury rate in NCAA soccer players. Sex, type of athletic exposure (match vs practice), and level of competition (Division I-III) would affect the relationship between playing surface and ACL injury rates. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Using the NCAA Injury Surveillance System (ISS) database, we calculated the incidence rate of ACL injury in men and women from 2004-2005 through 2013-2014 seasons. The incidence was normalized against athletic exposure (AE). Additional data collected were sex, athletic activity at time of injury (match vs practice), and level of competition (NCAA division) to stratify the analysis. Statistical comparisons were made by calculating incidence rate ratios (IRR). Statistical significance was set at an alpha of .05. Results: There were 30,831,779 weighted AEs during the study period. The overall injury rate was 1.12 ACL injuries per 10,000 AEs (95% CI, 1.08-1.16). Women comprised 57% of the match data (10,261 games) and 55% of practice data (26,664 practices). The overall injury rate was significantly higher on natural grass (1.16/10,000 AEs; 95% CI, 1.12-1.20) compared with artificial turf (0.92/10,000 AEs [95% CI, 0.84-1.01]; IRR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.14-1.38]) ( P < .0001). This relationship was demonstrated consistently across all subanalyses, including stratification by NCAA division and sex. The injury rate on natural grass (0.52/10,000 AEs; 95% CI, 1.11-1.26) was significantly greater than the injury incidence during practice on artificial turf (0.06/10,000 AEs; 95% CI, 0.043-0.096). Players were 8.67 times more likely to sustain an ACL injury during practice on natural grass compared with practice on artificial turf (95% CI, 5.43-12.13; P < .0001). No significant difference was found in injury rates between matches played on grass versus turf (IRR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.84-1.03; P = .15). Conclusion: NCAA soccer players who practice on natural grass have increased risk of ACL injury compared with the risk of those practicing on an artificial surface, regardless of sex or NCAA division of play. No difference in risk of ACL injury between playing surfaces was detected during matches. Further research is necessary to examine the effect of multiple factors when evaluating the effect of the surface type on the risk of ACL injury in soccer players.

scholarly journals Cobicistat Versus Ritonavir: Similar Pharmacokinetic Enhancers But Some Important Differences

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1008-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Tseng ◽  
Christine A. Hughes ◽  
Janet Wu ◽  
Jason Seet ◽  
Elizabeth J. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Medication Dose ◽  
Concomitant Medications ◽  
Potential Interactions

Objective: To describe properties of cobicistat and ritonavir; compare boosting data with atazanavir, darunavir, and elvitegravir; and summarize antiretroviral and comedication interaction studies, with a focus on similarities and differences between ritonavir and cobicistat. Considerations when switching from one booster to another are discussed. Data Sources: A literature search of MEDLINE was performed (1985 to April 2017) using the following search terms: cobicistat, ritonavir, pharmacokinetic, drug interactions, booster, pharmacokinetic enhancer, HIV, antiretrovirals. Abstracts from conferences, article bibliographies, and product monographs were reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant English-language studies or those conducted in humans were considered. Data Synthesis: Similar exposures of elvitegravir, darunavir, and atazanavir are achieved when combined with cobicistat or ritonavir. Cobicistat may not be as potent a CYP3A4 inhibitor as ritonavir in the presence of a concomitant inducer. Ritonavir induces CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, and uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase, whereas cobicistat does not. Therefore, recommendations for cobicistat with comedications that are extrapolated from studies using ritonavir may not be valid. Pharmacokinetic properties of the boosted antiretroviral can also affect interaction outcome with comedications. Problems can arise when switching patients from ritonavir to cobicistat regimens, particularly with medications that have a narrow therapeutic index such as warfarin. Conclusions: When assessing and managing potential interactions with ritonavir- or cobicistat-based regimens, clinicians need to be aware of important differences and distinctions between these agents. This is especially important for patients with multiple comorbidities and concomitant medications. Additional monitoring or medication dose adjustments may be needed when switching from one booster to another.

scholarly journals Injuries in a Japanese Division I Collegiate American Football Team: A 3-Season Prospective Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junta Iguchi ◽  
Yosuke Yamada ◽  
Misaka Kimura ◽  
Yoshihiko Fujisawa ◽  
Tatsuya Hojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Football ◽  
Division I ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Football Team ◽  
Collegiate Football

Context: Previous research on American football injuries in Japan has focused on incidence proportion in terms of the number of injuries divided by the number of players. This is the first study to examine injury rates over several seasons. Objective: To conduct a prospective study of injuries in a Japanese Division I collegiate American football team over the 2007 through 2009 seasons. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Collegiate football team at Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan. Patients or Other Participants: All 289 athletes who played on the collegiate Division I football team during the 2007 through 2009 seasons. Main Outcome Measure(s): A certified athletic trainer kept a daily record of all practice and game injuries. Injury rates were calculated according to season, injury type, body part, severity, and mechanism. Injuries were also analyzed according to position of player, school year, and playing experience. Results: The game injury rate (GIR; 32.7 injuries/1000 athlete-exposures) was higher than the practice injury rate (PIR; 10.9 injuries/1000 athlete-exposures) over the 3 seasons (P &lt; .05). The PIR was higher among Japanese players than the comparable United States collegiate football injury rates (5.8–7.0 injuries/1000 athlete-exposures). Ankle and foot injuries occurred more frequently during games, whereas thigh and gluteal injuries occurred more frequently during practices. Conclusions: Our data show differences between games and practices in terms of injury rates, body parts injured, and positions of players injured. The high PIR in Japan may be due to the increased contact during practices and length of practices compared with the United States. Further research involving multiple teams is recommended to validate the trends noted in this study. The expanded data set could assist in the development of safety regulations and preventive interventions for Japanese football.

Characteristics of high-level youth soccer players: variation by playing position

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Deprez ◽  
Job Fransen ◽  
Jan Boone ◽  
Matthieu Lenoir ◽  
Renaat Philippaerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soccer Players ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
High Level

Intrapulmonary Percussive Ventilation as a Lung Recruitment Strategy in Brain-Dead Organ Donors

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geralyn Lerg ◽  
Linda Shanta
Keyword(s):  
Data Extraction ◽  
Chest Physiotherapy ◽  
Lung Recruitment ◽  
Recruitment Strategy ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Donor Population

Objective: To determine the strength of the evidence evaluating the effectiveness of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation (IPV) as a safe alternative or adjunctive therapy to traditional chest physiotherapy (CPT) among potential organ donors. Data Sources: Literature search conducted from February 2015 to November 2015 using PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, and bibliographies of pertinent articles. Search Terms: Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation, chest physiotherapy, chest wall oscillation, organ donors, and ventilation. Study Selection: Articles in English from 1994 to present directly compared IPV to CPT or conventional (no) therapy. Data Extraction: Association of Critical-Care Nurses Levels of Evidence was used to determine the strength of evidence. Level B and level C articles were reviewed. Data Synthesis: No studies were found using IPV in the donor population. Results from studies using IPV in other populations indicated IPV had no adverse effects, improved sputum clearance and oxygenation, and reduced atelectasis and pneumonia in patients with artificial airways. Conclusion: Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation may be a safe and effective alternative or adjunctive to CPT therapy and improve the number of lungs available for transplantation. Clinical research is essential to determine the effectiveness of this therapy for lung recruitment in the donor population.

Drug-Induced Yawning—A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1297-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Patatanian ◽  
Nancy Toedter Williams
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Dopaminergic Agents ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Physiologic Function ◽  
Induction Agents

Objective: To review the current literature on drug-induced yawning. Data Sources: Literature was accessed through MEDLINE/PubMed (1996-July 2011), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1997-July 2011), and EMBASE, using the search terms yawning, drug-induced yawning, and adverse drug reactions. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant clinical trials and case reports were selected and included to present background information. Bibliographies of all relevant articles were reviewed for additional citations. Data Synthesis: Yawning is a common stereotype behavior with unknown physiologic function that occurs in most vertebrates and humans as early as 15 weeks of intrauterine life. Yawning Is under the control of several neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, Including dopamine, serotonin, oxytocin, and acetylcholine. Among drugs, antidepressants, opioids, dopaminergic agents, benzodiazepines, and induction agents are the main pharmacologic classes associated with yawning. Conclusions: Yawning is rarely a serious adverse reaction and is not frequently listed in the drug summary. Most available data are based on case reports, small studies, and older literature. Clinicians should be aware of the agents commonly triggering this behavior.

scholarly journals Risk of Injury in Basketball, Football, and Soccer Players, Ages 15 Years and Older, 2003–2007

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Carter ◽  
Beverly J. Westerman ◽  
Katherine L. Hunting
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The U.S

Context: A major challenge in the field of sports injury epidemiology is identifying the appropriate denominators for injury rates. Objective: To characterize risk of injury from participation in basketball, football, and soccer in the United States, using hours of participation as the measure of exposure, and to compare these rates with those derived using population estimates in the denominator. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: United States, 2003–2007. Participants: People ages 15 years and older who experienced an emergency department–treated injury while playing basketball, football, or soccer. Main Outcome Measure(s): Rates of emergency department–treated injuries resulting from participation in basketball, football, or soccer. Injury rates were calculated for people ages 15 and older for the years 2003–2007 using the U.S. population and hours of participation as the denominators. The risk of injury associated with each of these sports was compared for all participants and by sex. Results: From 2003 through 2007, annual injury rates per 1000 U.S. population were as follows: 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30, 1.67) in basketball, 0.93 (95% CI = 0.82, 1.04) in football, and 0.43 (95% CI = 0.33, 0.53) in soccer. When the denominator was hours of participation, the injury rate in football (5.08 [95% CI = 4.46, 5.69]/10 000 hours) was almost twice as high as that for basketball (2.69 [95% CI = 2.35, 3.02]/10 000 hours) and soccer (2.69 [95% CI = 2.07, 3.30]/10 000 hours). Conclusions: Depending on the choice of denominator, interpretation of the risk of an emergency department–treated injury in basketball, football, or soccer varies greatly. Using the U.S. population as the denominator produced rates that were highest in basketball and lowest in soccer. However, using hours of participation as a more accurate measure of exposure demonstrated that football had a higher rate of injury than basketball or soccer for both males and females.

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