A close look at amoeboid locomotion: An integrated picture of a migrating, starvation-induced foraging unit of Physarum polycephalum

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Oettmeier ◽  
Hans-Günther Döbereiner
Keyword(s):  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
Amoeboid Locomotion

scholarly journals Symmetry breaking transition towards directional locomotion in Physarum microplasmodia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Zhang ◽  
Juan C. Lasheras ◽  
Juan C. del Álamo
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Interfacial Instability ◽  
Amoeboid Locomotion ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Rear Part ◽  
Cell Substrate Adhesion

AbstractTrue slime mold Physarum polycephalum has been widely used as a model organism to study flow-driven amoeboid locomotion as well as the dynamics of its complex mechanochemical self-oscillations. The aim of this work is to quantify the mechanical aspects of symmetry breaking and its transition into directional flow-driven amoeboid locomotion in small (<∼ 200 µm) fragments of Physarum polycephalum. To this end, we combined measurements of traction stresses, fragment morphology, and ectoplasmic microrheology with experimental manipulations of cell-substrate adhesion, cortical strength and microplasmodium size. These measurements show that initiation of locomotion is accompanied by the symmetry breaking of traction stresses and the polarization of ectoplasmic mechanical properties, with the rear part of the microplasmodium becoming significantly stiffer after the onset of locomotion. Our experimental data suggests that the initiation of locomotion in Physarum could be analogous to an interfacial instability process and that microplasmodial size is a critical parameter governing the instability. Specifically, our results indicate that the instability driving the onset of locomotion is strengthened by substrate adhesiveness and weakened by cortical stiffness. Furthermore, the Fourier spectral analysis of morphology revealed lobe number n = 2 as the consistent dominant mode number across various experimental manipulations, suggesting that the instability mechanism driving the onset of Physarum locomotion is robust with respect to changes in environmental conditions and microplasmodial properties.

Ca-Histochemistry in slime mold plasmodia

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
Ulrich Dierkes
Keyword(s):  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
Carbon Coating ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Slime Mold ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Protoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Intracellular Ca

Calcium is supposed to play an important role in the control of protoplasmic streaming in slime mold plasmodia. The motive force for protoplasmic streaming is generated by the interaction of actin and myosin. This contraction is supposed to be controlled by intracellular Ca-fluxes similar to the triggering system in skeleton muscle. The histochemical localisation of calcium however is problematic because of the possible diffusion artifacts especially in aquous media.To evaluate this problem calcium localisation was studied in small pieces of shock frozen (liquid propane at -189°C) plasmodial strands of Physarum polycephalum, which were further processed with 3 different methods: 1) freeze substitution in ethanol at -75°C, staining in 100% ethanol with 1% uranyl acetate, and embedding in styrene-methacrylate. For comparison the staining procedure was omitted in some preparations. 2)Freeze drying at about -95°C, followed by immersion with 100% ethanol containing 1% uranyl acetate, and embedding. 3) Freeze fracture, carbon coating and SEM investigation at temperatures below -100° C.

A freeze-fracture-etched study of the physarum polycephalum plasma membrane during early formation of the macroplasmodial stage

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 346-347
Author(s):  
Randolph W. Taylor ◽  
Henrie Treadwell
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Wire Screen ◽  
Wide Mouth ◽  
Sterile Filter

The plasma membrane of the Slime Mold, Physarum polycephalum, process unique morphological distinctions at different stages of the life cycle. Investigations of the plasma membrane of P. polycephalum, particularly, the arrangements of the intramembranous particles has provided useful information concerning possible changes occurring in higher organisms. In this report Freeze-fracture-etched techniques were used to investigate 3 hours post-fusion of the macroplasmodia stage of the P. polycephalum plasma membrane.Microplasmodia of Physarum polycephalum (M3C), axenically maintained, were collected in mid-expotential growth phase by centrifugation. Aliquots of microplasmodia were spread in 3 cm circles with a wide mouth pipette onto sterile filter paper which was supported on a wire screen contained in a petri dish. The cells were starved for 2 hrs at 24°C. After starvation, the cells were feed semidefined medium supplemented with hemin and incubated at 24°C. Three hours after incubation, samples were collected randomly from the petri plates, placed in plancettes and frozen with a propane-nitrogen jet freezer.

Characterization of a Motile Cellular Domain Arising During the Amoebo-Flagellate Transformation of Physarum Polycephalum

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 552-553
Author(s):  
K.I. Pagh ◽  
M.R. Adelman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Shape ◽  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
Slime Mold ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Cellular Domain

Unicellular amoebae of the slime mold Physarum polycephalum undergo marked changes in cell shape and motility during their conversion into flagellate swimming cells (l). To understand the processes underlying motile activities expressed during the amoebo-flagellate transformation, we have undertaken detailed investigations of the organization, formation and functions of subcellular structures or domains of the cell which are hypothesized to play a role in movement. One focus of our studies is on a structure, termed the “ridge” which appears as a flattened extension of the periphery along the length of transforming cells (Fig. 1). Observations of live cells using Nomarski optics reveal two types of movement in this region:propagation of undulations along the length of the ridge and formation and retraction of filopodial projections from its edge. The differing activities appear to be associated with two characteristic morphologies, illustrated in Fig. 1.

scholarly journals Identification of ubiquitinated histones 2A and 2B in Physarum polycephalum. Disappearance of these proteins at metaphase and reappearance at anaphase.

1985 ◽  
Vol 260 (8) ◽  
pp. 5147-5153
Author(s):  
R D Mueller ◽  
H Yasuda ◽  
C L Hatch ◽  
W M Bonner ◽  
E M Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Physarum Polycephalum
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