scholarly journals A NEW SOLUTION CONCERNING CHOICE-OF-LAW FOR THE ASSIGNMENT OF DEBTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-696
Author(s):  
Alison Xu
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Choice Of Law ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Exchange Value

AbstractThis article explores a solution to the choice-of-law issues concerning both voluntary and involuntary assignments arising in a domestic forum. The focus is on English private international law rules relating to cross-border assignments. A distinction is made between primary and extended parties as the foundation for choice-of-law analysis. Drawing on insights from the distinction of the use value and exchange value of debts found in economics, this article proposes a new analytical framework for choice-of-law based on a modified choice-of-law theory of interest-analysis.

Alternatives to Commodification

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-158
Author(s):  
Christoph Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Use Value ◽  
Market Exchange ◽  
Separate Section ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Exchange Value ◽  
Alternative Vision ◽  
Private Profit

This chapter discusses alternatives to commodification. The opposite of commodification is de-commodification. De-commodification imposes limits on the commodity character of goods and services traded on markets, but it does not provide for an alternative. Following an understanding of commodification as subjugation of use value to market/exchange value, the chapter argues that an alternative must seek to “free” use value and reinstate it as the primary goal of production. Or put differently, an alternative to commodification must focus on the satisfaction of human needs rather than the expansion of private profit. Three elements are crucial for the promotion of (collective and ecological) use value: democratization, sustainability, and solidarity. The chapter discusses each one in a separate section. It then brings the three elements together into an alternative vision that is called use-value society.

Devalorization

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-99
Author(s):  
Thomas Nail
Keyword(s):  
Use Value ◽  
Primitive Accumulation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Exchange Value ◽  
Mode Of Presentation ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Theory Of Value

This chapter shows that the process of primitive accumulation or direct appropriation is and must be internal to Marx’s theory of value. This is the case for precisely the methodological reasons Marx describes in his postface to the second edition of Capital. The core concepts in the “mode of presentation” (use-value, exchange-value, and value) describe the strictly immanent conditions or core “logic of capitalism” but are also derived from the historical “mode of inquiry.” Since primitive accumulation is part of the historical mode of inquiry, there must be a conceptual place for primitive accumulation in the mode of presentation itself. If not, then the mode of presentation is strictly speaking inadequate to the mode of inquiry—something that any dialectician, and Marx himself, must reject.

Mapping the Commons in Istanbul

2020 ◽  
pp. 638-657
Author(s):  
Başak Ergüder
Keyword(s):  
Use Value ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
The Third ◽  
Exchange Value ◽  
Infrastructure Finance ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Northern Forests ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Urban Commons ◽  
Privately Owned

In the study, bids for Üçüncü Köprü (The Third Bridge), Üçüncü Havalimanı (The Third Airport), and link roads in Northern Forests will be examined to map urban commons in Istanbul. Two coordinates will be followed for mapping urban commons. First coordinate is the conceptual one which regulates the differences of fundamental conceptions relating to urban commons. At this level, use value will be analyzed in terms of public benefit which is in regard to basic features of urban commons. In second coordinate, urban spaces including exchange value and privately owned such as bridges, roads, airports and highways will be analyzed in terms of infrastructure finance. The aim of the study is discussing the “tragedy of commons” within the context of investments to be made for the urban commons and bringing into question the future of urban commons upon the basis of Istanbul example.

scholarly journals Consuming Code: Use-Value, Exchange-Value, and the Role of Virtual Goods in Second Life

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Martin
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
Exchange Value

In recent years, there has been significant growth in consumption of commodities in virtual social worlds, such as Second Life, and in the economies that arise from this practice. While these economic systems have been acknowledged and studied, there remains relatively little understanding of the reasons why individuals choose to purchase such goods, despite the fact that reasons for consumption are strong enough to drive a virtual goods industry with annual profits in the millions of dollars. Virtual goods, the author argues, meet no immediate needs for avatars or individuals and, as such, are purchased based exclusively on their exchange- and symbolic-values. Due to the graphical nature of Second Life and the consequent visibility of commodities within the environment, these reasons for purchasing virtual goods are explored in terms of their roles for users, and especially in terms of their potential for expressing wealth, power, status, individuality, and belonging. As such, this paper considers the roles of consumption in a way that relies on and further illuminates theories of consumption and value with respect to virtual environments and commodities.

Resisting songs: negative dialectics in pop

Popular Music ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Television Advertising ◽  
Soap Operas ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Late Capitalism ◽  
Crack Open ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Negative Dialectics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Exchange Value ◽  
Closed Circle

But there isn't Al. If Al were there he would be giving a private performance to Chris Roberts as patron: an odd conception in the present-day world. In fact Al Green sings in a domain that is public although the musical commodity of the disc or tape turns it into a potentially solitary experience. In his comment Roberts has been captured by the Romantic understanding of the song: that its essence is (artistic) interiority made exterior. He is not alone in his fantasy of access to the pop singer. It constitutes the prevailing, if unformulated, view – a considerable irony in the postmodern world of late capitalism. The past few decades have witnessed the development of a global light-entertainment industry whose cultural objects partake in an increasingly closed circle of signification through pop videos, television advertising, soap operas and the tabloids. This (hyper)reality coexists today with the pursuit of the ever more soulful vocal, as if in a doomed attempt to crack open the reified commodity, by dint of the singer's passion to force something human across the gulf between exchange value and use value.

Squatter Housing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Smart
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Vacant Land ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Informal Housing ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Exchange Value ◽  
Global North ◽  
Squatter Housing

Squatting is one of the most important forms of housing for the world’s poor, accommodating perhaps a billion people, with the numbers continuing to grow. Squatters occupy vacant land or buildings without the consent of the owner. Squatting in existing buildings is more common in the Global North, particularly in Europe, and tends to be more political, often explicitly anticapitalist, than squatting on vacant land, which accounts for the vast majority of squatters, particularly in the Global South. Urban squatter housing needs to be seen as valuable housing rather than just as a social problem. Housing generally has exchange value, a price on housing markets, as well as use value, the utility of it for those who live in it. Early research dealt primarily with use value because of the emphasis on self-building and collectively organized invasions of land. Demand for scarce stocks of affordable housing leads to market prices despite governmental denial of the possibility of ownership of illegal dwellings. Squatter housing often meets the needs of poor people more effectively than public housing, and policy initiatives around the world are attempting to enhance the utility of informally built and regulated housing while mitigating the environmental problems that they can cause. Formalizing informal housing is a key but controversial policy. Research has revealed that informal tenure security is considered adequate by residents, resulting in lower than expected demand for squatter titling. Formalization may also lead to gentrification and thus diminishes the abilities of informal housing to provide affordable accommodation.

scholarly journals The Integration of Property and Financial Markets

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Coakley
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
End Users ◽  
Financial Asset ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Exchange Value ◽  
Property Companies ◽  
Securities Business ◽  
Property Markets

In this paper, the nature of property and the growing links between property and financial markets are addressed. It is argued that property must be viewed as a commodity with use-value and exchange-value aspects. Property has been affected by two developments in the 1980s: the shift to services (especially financial services) and waves of deregulation. The increase in demand during the 1980s boom stemmed both from investors such as property companies and from end users, especially those engaged in or expanding into securities business following Big Bang. As property markets, including the housing retail finance circuit, became increasingly intertwined with wholesale financial markets they became more susceptible to the vicissitudes of these markets and tendencies toward crisis. The exchange value of property became disengaged from its use value as property took on the attributes of a quasi-financial asset.

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