Major Social Institutions Impacting Human Behaviors: Medicine, Mass Media, and the Law

2013 ◽  
pp. 151-180
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Human Behaviors ◽  
The Law

scholarly journals EFISIENSI EKONOMI SEBAGAI REMEDY HUKUM

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Fajar Sugianto Sugianto
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Expected Profit ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Human Behaviors ◽  
The Law

Abstrak Hukum dan Ekonomi merupakan salah satu disiplin dalam ilmu hukum yang menawarkan pengutamaan efisiensi ekonomi sebagai kaidah hukum dalam mengarahkan praktik hukum. Dengan melakukan konseptualisasi lebih lanjut, efisiensi ekonomi juga membantu dalam menilai dan melakukan penilaian terhadap hukum. Salah satu bentuk efisiensi ekonomi dalam tulisan ini adalah pendekatan ekonomis terhadap hukum dalam merumuskan keuntungan yang dihasilkan hukum. Dalam hal ini efisiensi ekonomi mengubah hukum sebagai insentif dalam mengubah perilaku manusia seperti halnya mempertahankan perilaku yang sudah sejalan dengan tujuan-tujuan hukum. Hukum seyogianya menentukan upaya perbaikan melalui penghukuman dan penghargaan sebagai insentif untuk mengungkap aspek-aspek tertentu atau krusial dari ilmu hukum.Abstract Law and Economics is one of the disciplines in the jurisprudence that offers the primacy of economic efficiency as the rule of law in directing the practice of law. With further conceptualization, economic efficiency is also useful in judging and assessing the law. One relevant form of economic efficiency discussed in this paper is the economic approach to law in formulating the expected profit of the law. In this case, economic efficiency transforms law into an incentive to change human behaviors as well as to maintain certain behaviors that are already in line with the objectives of the law. Laws should determine remedies by way of punishment and rewards as an incentive to reveal certain crucial aspects of jurisprudence.

scholarly journals The Cyclical Nature of Poverty: Evicting the Poor

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-856
Author(s):  
Andrew Roesch-Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Housing Market ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
The Law

From the medical field to the housing market to the criminal justice system, poor people must navigate labyrinthian organizations that often perpetuate social and economic inequality. Arguably it is through these social institutions, and through multiple processes embedded within each of these institutions, that the governance of urban poverty is effectively maintained. This essay revolves around one such process, examining how Matthew Desmondʼs Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City (2016) points to the eviction process as an important producer of urban poverty in and of itself. After delving into housing law and Desmondʼs ethnographic and quantitative research methodologies, the essay examines four sites where the law is at work in eviction: the eviction court; the “law-on-the-books” versus the “law-in-action”; practices in the shadow of the law; and the relationship between the criminal justice system and the housing market. One goal of the essay is to place eviction within the law, punishment, and social inequality literatures.

scholarly journals RELIGIOUS EXEMPTIONS IN DISCRIMINATION LAW

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Sandberg ◽  
Norman Doe
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Moral Panic ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
The State ◽  
The Real ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
English Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Religious Exemption

The debate in January 2007, as presented by the mass media, concerning whether an exemption should be provided for Roman Catholic Adoption Agencies from new laws prohibiting discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation in the provision of goods and services, rested upon two erroneous assumptions. The first was an assumption that awarding exemptions on grounds of religion was novel; the second was that the debate concerned whether there ought to be a religious exemption at all. This article seeks to engage with the real debate concerning the Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2007, which is not whether there ought to be a religious exemption (since one has been given) but rather the scope of the exemption. It also aims to show that religious exemptions are common in English law, including discrimination law, and to elucidate the various exemptions, paying particular attention to their beneficiaries and the basis on which discrimination is permitted. In short, this article seeks to understand the state of the law as a whole contextualising the recent moral panic.

scholarly journals ON THE QUESTION OF TYPES OF LEGAL LIABILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF CHANGING STATEBUILDING PARADIGMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Petkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
The Law

The article analyses the scientific approaches of scientists to the evolution, essence and features of the concept of �responsibility�, �social responsibility�, �legal responsibility�. It is stated that responsibility is determined by the level of development of public consciousness, the level of social relations, existing social institutions. Liability as a social phenomenon can be manifested both in a positive way � receiving a reward, and in a negative - for committing offences. The classification of responsibility as a social phenomenon depends on the sphere of social activity, in connection with which political, moral, social, legal and other types of responsibility are distinguished. It is theoretically substantiated that legal responsibility differs from other types of social responsibility by formal definition, obligatory observance of legal norms, state control over their execution, application of state coercion to the offender, prevention of offences and protection of law and order. The degree of responsibility in public and private legal relations is determined. Public torts (crime and misdemeanor) are analysed, problematic issues are outlined and suggestions for their improvement are provided. Types of legal liability for committing offences (torts) are considered. Emphasis is placed on the fact that responsibility is a necessary condition for the development and effective functioning of the state, its effectiveness depends on the mechanisms of responsibility to the individual and is determined by the level of social consciousness, the level of social relations, existing social institutions. The key task of accountability is the fair application and inevitability of punishment. Today, the real threat to national security is a theoretically unfounded amendment of the legislation on liability for offenses. Chaotic, unsystematic accumulation of blanket norms in the basic codes, introduction of new definitions and definitions in the legislation on criminal liability, misunderstanding of the essence of disciplinary liability for misdemeanors, creation of new bodies carrying out administrative activities carried out in the field of other state bodies. This has led to real irresponsibility of government officials and vulnerability of citizens from illegal actions of offenders. The Constitution of Ukraine states that a person may be liable only for offences defined by law. The law must be clear and effective. Punishment is just and inevitable. However, the law will be effective only when it will contain all the components of the rule of law: the hypothesis is usually a behaviour; disposition - violation of this rule; sanction - punishment for violation.

scholarly journals Digitization and its Impact on Political Media Space: Theoretical Aspect

2019 ◽  
pp. 464-471
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Gribovod
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Media Space ◽  
Political Media ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The process of digitization as the new theoretical framework for studying economic, social and political practices is actively applied in the academic discourse, yet the conceptual nature of digitization is not sufficiently studied. The paper analyzes the digitization phenomenon both from the perspective of theoretical comprehension of the impact of digital and novel information and communication technologies (ICT) on various social institutions and processes, and from the perspective of identifying and classifying methodology approaches that exist in the humanities discourse and interpret the process of political media space digitization. An attempt is made to define the main stages of the political media space formation; key mass media tools are identified at each stage. The research identifies the technocratic, discursive and cratological approaches making it possible to identify the features of political media space’s digital transformation. Under conditions of digital society emergence, the political media space is considered to be, on the one hand, a “soft power” instrument and on the other hand, a combination of information resources, mass media institutions, channels and networks building a certain information infrastructure of a country, a region, a city.

scholarly journals The law of Social Responsibility and the quality of the television in Venezuela

Comunicar ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elda Moraleses ◽  
Liliana González
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Law ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion

The approval of the Law of Social Responsibility in Radio and Television to regulate the programmatic contents of the private television transmitters caused a collective debate. After that discussion, it is possible to be affirmed that the general intention of the Law is to order the operation of regional and national mass media, to take care of the quality of the programmatic content and to fill a legal emptiness in relation to a so strategic matter. The content of the Law means allows the public discussion of innovating procedures that can modify the interactions between the citizens and the average ones to obtain greater quality in the content of their habitual programming. Este análisis parte de una teoría explicativa sobre el poder de los medios decomunicación y la garantía de los derechos ciudadanos en democracia. En Venezuela hoy como nunca antes, los medios de comunicación audiovisuales, específicamentela televisión, deben fortalecer su función informativa en respuesta a las demandas ciudadanas y ser responsables por el desarrollo de una cultura política democrática. Con este propósito se debe profundizar en la reflexión sobre el rol de los periodistas y de las escuelas de comunicación socialen el fortalecimiento de lafunción social de los medios regionales y nacionales. Para demostrar estas premisas del trabajo, se ha seleccionado dentro del amplio espectro de temas que han provocado un debate colectivo en la sociedad venezolana, la pertinencia de la aprobación de la Ley de Responsabilidad Socialen Radio yTelevisión para regular los contenidos programáticos de las televisoras privadas y del Estado venezolano. Esta Ley entró en vigencia en diciembre del 2004. Se presenta un análisis interpretativo de la Ley, fundamentado en: el texto constitucional, las disposiciones de convenios internacionales, la evaluación crítica de periodistas en ejercicio, columnistas, escritores y docentes; además del aporte del pensamiento político de autores latinoamericanos. Entrelas conclusionesmás importantes se consideran las siguientes: se puede afirmar que el propósito general de la Ley es ordenar el funcionamiento de los medios de comunicación regionales y nacionales, cuidar la calidad del contenido programático y llenar un vacío legal en relación a una materia tan estratégica, como lo es el espectro radioeléctrico delpaís. Esta Ley de ninguna manera limita o coarta la libertad de expresión o el libre derecho a dar y recibir información de los ciudadanos.El contenido de la Ley Resorte permite la discusión pública de innovadores procedimientosque puedan modificar las interacciones entre los ciudadanos y los medios para lograr mayor calidad en el contenido de su programación habitual. Entre otros: 1) abrir nuevos espacios para la difusión de la producción nacional; 2) diversificar la oferta de programas educativos y culturales dirigidos a los niños y adolescentes; 3) regular el tiempo de transmisión de la publicidad comercial y 4) establecer tipos y bloques de horarios de transmisión, considerando el contenido de los mensajes y el público al cual se dirige. La nueva legislación de la comunicación en Venezuela abre una interesante oportunidad para queel ciudadano pueda ejercer la contraloría social frente a los medios.

scholarly journals MAJELIS TA'LIM AS SOCIALIZATION MEDIA OF CHILD PROTECTION IN WEST SULAWESI

Al-Qalam ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman ◽  
Anwar Sadat
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Law ◽  
Teleological Interpretation ◽  
Research Type ◽  
Interpretation Method

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>The enactment of Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection is intended to protect children and guarantee their rights to live, grow, develop, and participate optimally following human dignity and get protection from violence and discrimination. It could be achieved through increasing awareness of the rights and obligations and the responsibility of the involved parties, especially parents because they are the first and foremost in contact with children. In the context of the Law socialization, research is needed to find an appropriate and effective socialization model especially for women (mothers) through religious-social activities. One of them is majelis ta'lim program. This research used a normative-empirical research type. Normative research was used through the interpretation of grammatical and authentic legal methods. Empirical research was conducted by a teleological interpretation method to know the extent of the legal norm according to the community’s attitudes, behaviors, and compliance. Data were collected through the study of literature and empirical studies using interview guidelines and questionnaires. The research results showed that the developed socialization model could solve the most fundamental and urgent literature and the wider community’s interests. In protecting the community-based program, the issue is not merely children in conflict with the law. It includes a larger unit of interaction, such as parents, family, peers, environment, and wider social institutions</span></p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals COVID-19 AS A LINGUISTIC PHENOMENON (BASED ON ENGLISH MASS-MEDIA TEXTS)

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Вероника Викторовна Катермина ◽  
Екатерина Андреевна Яченко
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Media ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Social Upheaval ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

Статья посвящена изучению COVID-19 как лингвистического явления на материале журнала “The Economist” за март-май 2020 года. В статье отмечается, что в современном мире, характеризующемся переломными моментами цивилизационного плана, особое значение приобретает изучение основ формирования общества, роли информационных технологий и новых дискурсивных практик социального взаимодействия. Начало 2020 года ознаменовалось эпидемией коронавируса, перешедшей в пандемию. Повсеместное распространение заболевания отразилось не только на функционировании медицины и других социальных институтов, но и на лексическом составе многих языков, в частности английского. В статье анализируется структурный и семантический план лексемы «COVID-19». Данная лексема и ее синонимы вводятся в дискурс средств массовой информации, что позволяет рассмотреть их в дискурсивном контексте, выражающем изменения общественного сознания в период пандемии. В статье подчеркивается, что в периоды социальной стабильности процессы языкового развития протекают размеренно и постепенно, а языковые изменения затрагивают отдельные участки системы. В пору социальных потрясений процессы языкового развития ускоряются, создается впечатление хаоса и нестабильности. В соответствии с особенностями ситуации в обществе изменяются психологические установки масс, их языковой вкус и чувство языка. Комплексный лингвистический анализ материала позволил установить, что лексема «COVID-19» в английском массмедийном дискурсе приобретает дополнительные коннотации и служит для формирования информационной картины мира, отражающей национально-культурные особенности мировосприятия и систему ценностных отношений. The article is devoted to the study of COVID-19 as a linguistic phenomenon on the material of The Economist (March-May 2020). The article notes that in the modern world, characterized by critical moments of the civilization plan, the study of the foundations of the formation of society, the role of information technology and new discursive practices of social interaction is of particular importance. The beginning of 2020 was marked by the coronavirus epidemic, which turned into a pandemic. The wide spread of the disease affected not only the functioning of medicine and other social institutions, but also the lexical composition of many languages, in particular English. The article analyzes the structural and semantic plans of the COVID-19 token. This token and its synonyms are introduced into the discourse of the media, which allows us to consider them in the discursive context expressing changes in public consciousness during the pandemic. The article emphasizes that during periods of social stability, the processes of language development proceed gradually, and language changes affect individual parts of the system. At a time of social upheaval, the processes of language development are accelerating, an impression of chaos and instability is created. In accordance with the peculiarities of the situation in society, the psychological attitudes of the masses, their linguistic taste and flair of the language are changing.A comprehensive linguistic analysis of the research material made it possible to establish that the lexeme COVID-19 in the English mass media discourse acquires additional connotations and serves to form an informational picture of the world that reflects the national-cultural characteristics of worldview and the system of axiological relations.

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