scholarly journals Management strategies to improve cow-calf productivity on meadow bromegrass pastures

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Kopp ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg ◽  
W. P. McCaughey
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
The Cost

A 4-yr experiment was conducted to determine the effects of fertilization, incorporation of a legume and use of the Rumensin®-controlled release capsules (CRC) on productivity of cow-calf pairs grazing meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem & Schult.). Four pasture treatments (T), alfalfa-grass fertilized (AF), alfalfa-grass unfertilized (AU), grass-only fertilized (GF) and grass-only unfertilized (GU), each replicated twice were compared. The eight 3.7-ha pastures were split into five equally sized paddocks and rotationally stocked with first-calf cows in 1995 and 1998, and with mature cows in 1996 and 1997. Half of the cows on each pasture received a Rumensin® CRC 1 wk prior to the start of the pasture season. Cow DMI was not influenced by fertilization or incorporation of a legume. However, cows treated with monensin consumed less (2.3% BW) compared to the control cows (2.5% BW, P < 0.05). Incorporation of alfalfa and fertilization improved pasture quality and resulted in higher CP and lower NDF content in forage selected by the animals. Monensin improved (P < 0.05) cow average daily gain (ADG, kg d-1) when grazing unfertilized grass and alfalfa-grass pastures, but did not influence gains of cows on fertilized pastures. Fertilizer application, legume incorporation and monensin administration did not affect milk yield or milk composition. Despite differences in diet quality, calf ADG for AU, AF, and GF were similar. However, calf ADG was lower for GU pastures (P < 0.05), probably as a result of the high fibre and low protein content of this pasture treatment. Both incorporation of alfalfa and fertilization increased total calf gain (kg ha-1); the greatest improvement was associated with fertilization. There were, however, economic advantages to legume incorporation, as the cost of the additional gain for GF and AF pastures averaged $1.08 and $0.79 kg-1 ha-1, and no extra costs were incurred for AU. Key words: Beef cows, calves, milk yield, pasture productivity, alfalfa, meadow bromegrass

scholarly journals MILK PRODUCTION IN RANGE BEEF COWS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO CALF GAINS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Gleddie ◽  
R. T. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Milk Solid ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain

Milk yield in lactating range beef cows was estimated by milking 42 cows four times at approximately monthly intervals during the lactation. Milking was by machine after oxytocin injection. Weights of calves, before and after suckling, over a 24-hour period were used to estimate calf consumption. Breed-age group averages for 24-hour milk yield varied from 3.7 to 8.4 kg, with an overall average of 6.4 kg. Breed of cow accounted for 82.5% of the variance in milk yield in these data. Milk yield declined on the average by 0.02 kg per day of lactation. The correlation between calf consumption and milk yield was 0.58. Butterfat was 3.9% on the average, protein 3.5%, solids-not-fat 9.1% and total solids 13.0%. Breed-age group or month of test did not significantly influence milk constituent percentages, although butterfat and total solids tended to rise as lactation progressed.A good estimate of milk yield was obtained by one test milking. Milk composition based on one test milking was not reliable. Milk yield as estimated in any month was highly related to calf average daily gain from birth to weaning. Use of two test milkings improved the relationship only slightly. Milk solid component percentages showed little relationship to calf gains.

scholarly journals Effect of heat stress on milk production and its composition of Holstein Friesian crossbred dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Al Reyad ◽  
Md Abid Hasan Sarker ◽  
Md Elias Uddin ◽  
Raihan Habib ◽  
Md Harun Ur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this research was to observe the effect of heat stress on milk yield and milk compositions of Holstein Friesian crossbred (HF) dairy cows. To fulfill the objectives, a total of 9 Holstein Friesian crossbred cows were selected for this study. Green grasses (German, Para) were supplied adlibitum and concentrate feeds (mixture of wheat bran, rice polish, mustard oil cake, di-calcium phosphate and salt) were supplied at the rate of 2.0 kg/day/cow. Management practices for all the cows were similar following the BAU Dairy farm practices. Data were collected on milk yield (l/h/d), relative humidity (%) and barn temperature (0C). The obtained temperature humidity index (THI) of July, August, September and October were 84.95, 81.99, 81.40 and 79.57, respectively. The highest THI was found in July which indicated higher heat stress during this month. A significant difference (p<0.05) in milk yield of cows was found among different months of July to October. The highest milk yield (6.10±0.50 l/h/d) was found in October among observed months. The compositions of milk such as total solids (TS), solids-not-fat (SNF), fat, protein, lactose, and ash also differed significantly (p<0.01). The highest values (%) of TS, SNF, fat, protein, lactose and ash content of milk were found in October as 12.63, 8.80, 3.83, 3.69, 4.39 and 0.72, respectively and lowest values (%) were in July as 12.20, 8.50, 3.71, 3.50, 4.30 and 0.69, respectively due to the high THI value. From these results, it is concluded that heat stress has strong effect on milk yield and milk composition of HF cows in Bangladesh. Management strategies are needed to minimize heat stress and attain optimal dairy animal performance.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 190-195

scholarly journals Endocrine control of energy metabolism in the cow: the effect on milk yield and levels of some blood constituents of injecting growth hormone and growth hormone fragments

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Bines ◽  
I. C. Hart ◽  
S. V. Morant
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Blood Constituents

1. Circulating concentrations of some hormones and metabolites and nitrogen balance were measured in lactating beef and dairy cows given daily injections of growth hormone (GH) and were compared to values before injection. Changes in milk yield and composition were recorded in these cows and in additional cows injected with GH fragments.2. GH, but not GH fragments, raised milk yield while milk composition did not change. GH injection caused a large, rapid increase in the level of the hormone in blood and slower, smaller increases in the concentrations of insulin, prolactin and thyroxine. Blood metabolite levels were unaltered except for a rise in glucose concentration in beef cows during GH injection and a fall in 3-hydroxybutyrate concentration in the same cows after the injections ceased. An increase in N output in milk was partly balanced by a reduction in urinary N so that N retention did not change significantly.3. GH caused a reduction in food intake in the beef cows.4. The results are discussed in relation to control of partition of nutrients in the lactating cow, where GH is considered to play an important role. It was concluded that this role may be in increasing the supply of energy metabolites for milk synthesis, rather than a direct effect on the activity of the mammary gland.

scholarly journals Effects of suckling on milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows in cow–calf contact systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (S1) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Kerstin Barth
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Short Time

AbstractIn this research communication I show the effect of various cow–calf contact systems on milk yield and milk composition during the periods when calves where allowed to suckle their dams and after the calves were separated in comparison to cows that were only machine milked throughout their lactation. Analyses were based on four different experiments, but conducted at the same research station and under comparable housing and feeding conditions. Nursing dams had contact to their calves during the whole day, during night-time or only twice per day shortly before milking. A control group of cows that had no contact to their offspring was part of every experiment. Data of the regular monthly milk recordings were analysed with linear mixed models. Results showed a significant effect of the suckling system on the machine milk yield over the whole lactation. While cows with night-time contact reached the milk production level of the control cows, cows with whole day or short-time contact still produced less milk after the calves were separated. Fat content was always lower during the suckling period but not afterwards. The significantly higher milk protein content in dams with calf contact requires further investigation. Somatic cell count in milk of nursing dams was slightly increased, probably due to the exposure of the teats to frequent suckling in addition to machine milkings. In conclusion, cow–calf contact systems influence the performance of cows during and after the suckling period but to varying degrees depending on the system adopted.

scholarly journals THE PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY AND FEEDLOT CATTLE FED SULFUR DIOXIDE-TREATED HIGH-MOISTURE BARLEY

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. GIBSON ◽  
J. J. KENNELLY ◽  
G. W. MATHISON
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of feeding sulfur dioxide (SO2)-treated high-moisture barley (HMB) on the performance of lactating dairy cows and feedlot cattle. High-moisture barley was ensiled or treated with 1% (wt/wt) liquid SO2. In exp. 1, 36 lactating Holstein cows were assigned to three treatments for a 6-wk trial. Diets contained 35% rolled barley on a dry matter (DM) basis and differed only in the type of barley fed: dry barley, ensiled HMB or SO2-treated HMB. While no differences (P > 0.05) were observed in DM intake, milk yield, milk composition, milk taste or odour, cows fed SO2-treated HMB tended to have lower milk yield (21.7 kg d−1) than those fed ensiled (22.6 kg d−1) or dry barley (24.6 kg d−1). In experiment 2, 64 steers were allotted to four dietary treatments: (1) dry barley, (2) ensiled HMB, (3) SO2-treated HMB, and (4) SO2-treated HMB plus sodium bicarbonate. All diets contained 85% barley (DM) and were supplemented with thiamin (5.5 mg kg−1 DM). The results of the feedlot trial were confounded by the feeding of spoiled SO2-treated HMB, primarily between days 29 and 57 of the 96-d trial, at approximately 40% of the diet DM. During the period that spoiled SO2-treated grain was being fed, four steers (two from each treatment) developed polioencephalomalacia. Steers fed SO2-treated HMB (diets 3 and 4), had 10.1% lower DM intake (P < 0.01), 31% lower average daily gain and required 32% more DM per kilogram of gain than steers fed diets 1 or 2 (P < 0.001). Feeding SO2-treated HMB to either dairy or feedlot cattle cannot be recommended at the present time. Key words: Sulfur dioxide, preservative, barley, cattle (dairy, beef)

scholarly journals Effect of supplementation of micronutrients of the performance of dairy cows

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
MM Sharmin ◽  
MA Samad Khan ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Conventional Diet ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Group Control Group ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Daily Gain

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of micronutrients supplementation on body weight of cows, birth weight of calf, colostrums composition, milk yield and milk composition. Six animals were divided in to two groups viz. control and supplemented group. Control group was provided conventional diet and supplemented group was supplied conventional diet plus vitamin-mineral mixture (1g vitamix powder/1kg concentrate feed) respectively for two months before calving. In supplemented group the average daily gain of the cows was (49.17 g/d) higher (P<0.01) and the calves were 2 kg heavier in supplemented group compared to control group. Fat content and protein content of colostrum in supplemented group were also significantly higher (P<0.01 and 0.05). The milk yield, fat and protein values of milk were increased non-significantly by 1.03 kg/d/h, 2.8 g/kg and 0.3 g/kg respectively. Ca content of milk was more or less similar in both cases. Key words: Milk; Milk protein; Milk fat; Micronutrients; Supplementation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9688 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 151-155

scholarly journals High milk production decreases cow-calf productivity within a highly available feed resource environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Edwards ◽  
J. D. Hobbs ◽  
J. T. Mulliniks
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Cow Calf

Abstract The beef cattle industry tends to focus on selecting production traits with the purpose of maximizing cow-calf performance. One such trait is milking ability, which is considered the primary influence on weaning weight of the calf. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of actual milk yield on reproductive performance, circulating blood metabolites, and calf performance in beef cows in the Southeastern US. Over a 2 yr period, data were collected from 237, 3- to 9-yr-old Angus-sired beef cows on 3 research stations in Tennessee. On approximately d 58 and 129 postpartum, 24-hr milk production was measured with a modified weigh-suckle-weigh technique using a milking machine. Subsamples of milk were collected for analysis of milk components. Milk yield data were used to retrospectively classify cows on actual milk yield as High ( ≥ 10 kg/d), Mod (8 to 9 kg/d), or Low ( &lt; 8 kg/d). Cow body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were collected weekly at each location through breeding. Calf BW was recorded at birth, mid-weight at d 58, and weaning. At d 58 and 129 of postpartum, milk yields were different (P &lt; 0.001) among the treatment groups. Cow BW during the entire study were not different (P ≥ 0.22) with increasing milk yield. Timed-AI pregnancy rate were the lowest (P = 0.02) in the High milk producing cows with no difference (P &gt; 0.05) between Low and Mod milk cows. In addition, overall pregnancy rate continued to be the lowest (P = 0.04) in High milk producing cows with the greatest pregnancy rate in Mod milk cows. Calf mid-weight at ∼d 58 was increased (P &lt; 0.001) in calves from Mod and High milking cows. However, calf BW at weaning was not different (P = 0.22) among calves from different milk treatment groups. Results from this study suggest that even in management systems that modify the grazing environments with harvested feedstuffs, high milk production decreases reproductive efficiency. In addition, increasing milk production up to d 129 postpartum did not result in increased calf BW at weaning, indicating that the genetic potential for calf BW at weaning could not be improved with increased genetic potential for milk production.

scholarly journals 29 The effect of fleshing ability on cow and calf performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Amanda Holder ◽  
Aksel Wiseman ◽  
Adam McGee ◽  
David Lalman ◽  
Claire Andresen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Condition Score

Abstract Several factors influence the overall maintenance requirements of a mature beef cow including age, gain, lactation, pregnancy, and fleshing ability. However, limited research is available to distinguish what sets a hard-fleshing cow apart from an easy-fleshing cow. Cows that are hard-fleshing maintain a lower body condition score (BCS) throughout the year compared to easy-fleshing counterparts. The objectives of this experiment are to determine the differences in characteristics and production between cows classified as easy- vs. hard- fleshing. Characteristics of interest include feed intake, milk yield, milk composition, body weight changes, BCS changes, and other body composition measurements, as well as calf weaning weight. In this study, 24 spring-calving, mature Angus beef cows were classified as either hard-fleshing or easy-fleshing based on BCS and ultrasound measurements for back fat and rump fat. The intake study took place during the second trimester, cows were assigned to an easy- or hard-fleshing pen based on treatment where they remained for the entirety of the 45-day intake study. Each treatment was replicated three times in a completely randomized design. Milk data collection began one month after calving with monthly milkings from May-August. There were no differences (P = 0.9) in DMI, although hard-fleshing cows had greater DMI calculated on a metabolic body weight basis (P = 0.05). There was a trend (P = 0.12) for hard-fleshing cows to wean heavier calves, although there was no difference in mean milk yield (P = 0.44). Body condition score was positively correlated with protein and carbohydrate content of milk with easy-fleshing cows having greater contents of both (P = 0.02 and P < 0.01, respectively). Overall, an increase in BCS without an increase in DMI may be beneficial from a reproductive standpoint, though more research in this area is needed.

scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING MILK YIELD OF BEEF CATTLE

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. JEFFERY ◽  
R. T. BERG ◽  
R. T. HARDIN
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Hybrid Breeding

The joint and separate effects of several cow-calf variables on milk yield were studied with 176 and 201 beef cows from the University of Alberta beef breeding herd for 1966 and 1967, respectively. The dams consisted of Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Galloway and hybrid breeding. Independent variables considered were: breed, post-calving weight, winter weight loss, summer weight gain and age of dam, and weaning age, sex and birth weight of calf. Total variance of milk yield explained by all variables together was only 40 and 52% for 1966 and 1967, respectively. Breed and age differences of dam accounted for 82 and 87% of explained variance in milk yield respectively for 1966 and 1967. Holding cow age constant, post-calving weight of cow explained 0.0 and 8.5% additional variance in milk yield for 1966 and 1967, respectively. Summer weight gain of cow was negatively associated with milk yield. Winter weight loss of cow had little influence on milk yield. There appeared to be a negative relationship between early parturition and milk yield. The effect of calf sex on milk yield of dam was inconsistent; cows suckling male calves vs. female calves yielded more milk in 1966 but less in 1967. Birth weight of calf had a small positive influence on milk yield of dam. Association between milk yield of dam and preweaning performance of progeny was high. It appeared that the quickest way to improve milk yield in beef cattle would be the introduction of breeds noted for high milk yield and by indirect selection, through selection of dams with progeny that have high average daily gain to weaning.

scholarly journals Suplementação em sistema de creep-feeding de bezerros de corte lactentes e avaliação nutricional de matrizes de corte

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 3431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Vieira de Barros ◽  
Mário Fonseca Paulino ◽  
David Steban Conteras Marquez ◽  
Carla Heloisa Avelino Cabral ◽  
Felipe Gomes da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Nutritional Parameters ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Daily Gain

<p>This study was conducted to evaluate the productive and nutritional performance of suckling calves fed only a mineral mix (MM) or different levels of multiple supplement and the milk yield and nutritional parameters of beef cows on <em>Uruchloa decumbens </em>pastures. Thirty-two suckling calves, with an average age of 3 months and average initial weight of 109.3 ± 0.84 kg, and their respective mothers, with an average initial weight of 447.2 ± 47.1 kg, were used. The experimental design was completely randomized. The supplement contained approximately 25% crude protein (CP), and treatments consisted of the supply of different of multiple supplement levels for the calves. The levels of supply of the supplements were 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% of the body weight for treatments N0.2, N0.4, and N0.6, respectively. The animals from the control treatment (MM) received only an MM <em>ad libitum</em>. The average daily gain (ADG) of the calves was 731.2, 810.6, 822.7, and 895.2 grams for treatments MM, N0.2, N0.4, and N0.6, respectively. Supplemented calves showed greater weight gain. The multiple supplement levels offered to the calves had a positive linear effect (P&lt;0.10) on their ADG. The intakes in kg/ day of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), CP, non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), digestible DM, digestible neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were higher (P&lt;0.10) for animals that received multiple supplements compared with those fed only an MM. The levels of supply of multiple supplements had an increasing linear effect on ether extract (EE) intake, and a quadratic effect was found on DM intake, forage DM, OM, forage OM, CP, NFC, digestible DM, and TDN. The total apparent digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, NDF, NFC, and TDN were higher (P&lt;0.10) for the animals that received multiple supplements. With the levels of supply of multiple supplements, an increasing linear effect was observed on EE digestibility. Calf supplementation did not affect the performance, milk yield, or nutritional parameters of the cows (P&gt;0.10).</p>

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