Effect of micronization on energy, starch and amino acid digestibility in hulless barley for young pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. X. Huang ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
M. Pickard ◽  
S. Li ◽  
R. T. Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids

Studies were carried out to determine the effect of micronization on energy, starch and amino acid digestibilities in hulless barley. Six pigs (Canabrid × Camborough) were weaned at 21 d of age and fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum on days 23 or 24. The pigs were fed one of three diets with major constituents of hulless barley and soybean meal (HB + SBM), micronized hulless barley and soybean meal (MHB + SBM) and corn starch and soybean meal (C + SBM) according to a repeated Latin square design. The pigs were fed three times daily, equal amounts at 8-h intervals. The diets were supplied at a rate of 5% (wt/wt) of body weight. The average body weight of the pigs was 9.3 kg at start and 15.9 kg at the conclusion of the experiment at 58 d of age. Faeces were collected for 48 h on days 6 and 7 and ileal digesta for 24 h on days 8 and 9. Chromic oxide was used as digestibility marker. The apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities in HB and MHB were determined by the difference method. The apparent ileal digestibilities of the indispensable amino acids were higher in MHB than in HB and ranged from 5.3 to 10.0 percentage units. Of the indispensable amino acids, the differences were significant (P < 0.05) for arginine, histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and valine. Micronization of HB improved (P < 0.05) the ileal digestibility of starch from 79.0 to 97.3%. Micronization resulted in an increase in the digestion of energy in the small intestine and a decrease in microbial fermentation of energy in the large intestine. This shift in the disappearance of energy from the large to the small intestine should also result in an improvement in the efficiency of energy utilization. These studies show a positive effect of micronization on the digestibilities of energy and amino acids in young pigs fed HB. Key words: Micronization, barley, digestibility, pigs

Effect of dietary fibre level on amino acid digestibility in young pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Li ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
R. T. Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Period Change ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Average Body

Studies were carried out with 12 pigs (Yorkshire × Landrace) to determine the effect of dietary fibre level on amino acid digestibility. The pigs were weaned at 21 d of age and fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum at 23 or 24 d of age. The pigs were fed four isonitrogenous corn starch-based soybean meal diets (22.5 % crude protein) containing 4.3, 7.3, 10.3 and 13.3% Solkafloc according to a balanced two-period change-over design. The pigs were fed four times daily, equal amounts, at 6-h intervals. The diets were supplied at a rate of 5% of the average body weight which was determined at the initiation of the first (8.8 kg) and second (11.7 kg) experimental period. Each experimental period comprised 10 d. Feces were collected for 48 h on days 6 and 7 and ileal digesta for 24 h during days 8, 9 and 10. Chromic oxide was used as digestibility marker. The dietary inclusion of Solkafloc, up to 13.3 %, did not affect (P > 0.05) the apparent ileal as well as the fecal digestibilities of crude protein and amino acids. In conclusion, starter pigs can tolerate up to 13.3% Solkafloc, equivalent to 16.8% neutral-detergent fibre, in corn starch-based soybean meal diets without a depression in amino acid digestibility. Key words: Young pigs, fibre, amino acids, digestibility

PSVI-13 Amino Acid Supplementation During the Adaptation Period Did Not Affect the Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Corn and Soybean Meal Fed to Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Hyunjun Choi ◽  
Sun Jong You ◽  
Beob Gyun G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective was to determine the influence of amino acid (AA) supplementation during the adaptation period on the ileal digestibility of crude protein and AA in corn and soybean meal (SBM). Six barrows with an initial body weight of 30.9 ± 2.6 kg fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 6 dietary treatments and 6 periods. Two experimental diets contained corn or SBM as the sole source of AA and an N-free diet was additionally prepared. For AA supplementation groups, an AA mixture consisted of Gly, Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Ile, Val, His, and Phe was added to the corn diet and the N-free diet at the expense of cornstarch, and an AA mixture of Lys, Met, and Thr was added to the SBM diet. All diets contained 0.5% of chromic oxide. The 6 experimental diets were fed to the pigs for 4 and half days, and the 3 diets containing AA mixture were switched to the respective diets without AA mixture during the following 2 and half days. Ileal digesta were collected during the last 2 days. The addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period caused increased apparent ileal digestibility of Arg and Trp in corn (P &lt; 0.05), but did not affect that in SBM. The addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period caused increased apparent ileal digestibility of Pro and Gly regardless of feed ingredient (P &lt; 0.05), but did not affect that of other AA. All AA except Pro in corn and SBM were unaffected by the addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period. In conclusion, the addition of amino acid during the adaptation period does not affect the standardized ileal digestibility of indispensable amino acids in feed ingredients.

The effect of oligosaccharides and lactitol on the ileal digestibilities of amino acids, monosaccharides and bacterial populations and metabolites in the small intestine of weanling pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Gabert ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
R. Mosenthin ◽  
M. Schmitz ◽  
F. Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Period Change ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Nutrient Digestion

An experiment was carried out to examine the effects of supplementing diets for weanling pigs with oligosaccharides and LAC on nutrient digestion and bacterial populations and metabolites in the small intestine. Twelve barrows, weaned at 28 d, were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum. The BW of the pigs at weaning and at the conclusion of the experiment were 9.1 and 13.8 kg, respectively. The pigs were fed four diets based on barley, wheat and soybean meal according to a two-period change-over design. The diets were formulated to contain 18% CP. Transgalactosylated oligosaccharides (0.2%), GUO (0.2%) and LAC (1%, 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-sorbitol) were included at the expense of corn starch. Supplementation with oligosaccharides or LAC had little effect on the apparent ileal digestibilities of AA and monosaccharides. Supplementation of diets with oligosaccharides or LAC did not affect (P > 0.05) the monosaccharide concentrations in ileal digesta except for galactose which was higher (P < 0.05) in digesta from pigs fed the diet supplemented with LAC. The daily ileal output of monosaccharides, pH, ammonia and VFA concentrations, bacterial populations in ileal digesta and incidence of diarrhea were not affected (P > 0.05). Therefore, the supplementation of diets for weanling pigs (9.1–13.8 kg) with oligosaccharides or LAC at these levels does not affect nutrient digestibilities and bacterial populations in the small intestine. Key words: Pigs, oligosaccharides, lactitol, digestibility, bacteria

URINARY EXCRETION OF FREE AMINO ACIDS, CYSTATHIONINE AND TAURINE BY THE YOUNG PIG

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1067-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. SOUTHERN ◽  
D. H. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Swine Urine ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Urinary Amino ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Urea-N, NH3-N, creatinine-N and amino-acid-N accounted for 77% of the total urinary nitrogen excreted by young pigs. The N from glycine, alanine and taurine made up 75% of the total urinary amino-acid-N. The N from indispensable amino acids, however, accounted for less than 10% of the total amino-acid-N. A complete urinary amino acid profile for the young pig is presented. Key words: Swine, urine, amino acids, nitrogen, nitrogen-containing compounds

Effect of Cycloheximide on In Vitro and In Vivo Protein Synthesis by Certain Tissues of Rats and Pigeons with Special Reference to Muscle

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 933-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Njanoor Narayanan ◽  
Jacob Eapen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Incorporation ◽  
Contrast Administration ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Tissue Homogenates

The effect of cycloheximide in vitro and in vivo on the incorporation of labelled amino acids into protein by muscles, liver, kidneys, and brain of rats and pigeons was studied. In vitro incorporation of amino acids into protein by muscle microsomes, myofibrils, and myofibrillar ribosomes was not affected by cycloheximide. In contrast, administration of the antibiotic into intact animals at a concentration of 1 mg/kg body weight resulted in considerable inhibition of amino acid incorporation into protein by muscles, liver, kidneys, and brain. This inhibition was observed in all the subcellular fractions of these tissues during a period of 10–40 min after the administration of the precursor. Tissue homogenates derived from in vivo cycloheximide-treated animals did not show significant alteration in in vitro amino acid incorporation with the exception of brain, which showed a small but significant enhancement.

Supplementation of a low protein diet in an attempt to optimize egg mass output

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Summers ◽  
J. L. Atkinson ◽  
D. Spratt
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Low Protein

Pullets were brought into production on a low-protein corn, soybean meal diet to which various nutrients including essential amino acids, choline, corn oil and feathermeal were supplemented. Production commenced between 18 and 20 wk of age and up to at least 60% production, hens fed the low protein diets (10% CP) produced at least as many eggs and as great an egg mass as these given a 17% protein corn, soybean meal control diet. Pullets fed the corn, soybean meal test diets, peaked at around 80% as compared to slightly over 90% for the control. Egg production immediately fell for birds fed the test diets to around 70% for most of the test treatments. Body weight remained constant or fell after peak production for birds fed the test diets as compared to a normal increase for birds on the control diet. Egg size increased for the test diets at a rate which was comparable to that of the control birds. In a second experiment, with older hens, supplementation of the 10% protein test diet with methionine, lysine, arginine and tryptophan, resulted in intakes of these amino acids which met NRC minimum requirement levels. However, egg mass output was reduced approximately 11% compared to the 17% protein control diet. While intakes of several essential amino acids fell below requirement levels, the degree that valine was calculated to be deficient in both experiments corresponded closely with the reduction in egg mass output of hens fed the test as compared to the control diet. Key words: Lysine, methionine, egg weight, body weight, hens.

scholarly journals The effect of protein- and non-protein-nitrogen supplements to maize silage on total amino acid supply in young cattle

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Cottrill ◽  
D. E. Beever ◽  
A. R. Austin ◽  
D. F. Osbourn
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial N

1. A total of six diets based on maize silage were formulated to examine the effect of protein- and non-protein-nitrogen, and energy supplementation on the flow of amino acids to the small intestine and the synthesis of microbial amino acids in the rumen of growing cattle. All diets contained 24 g totai nitrogen (N)/kg dry matter (DM), of which 550 g N/kg total N was supplied by either urea or fish meal. Four diets contained low levels of barley (estimated total dietary metabolizable energy content of 10·4 M J/kgDM) and urea-N and fish meal-N were supplied in the ratios 3:1, 1·4:1, 0·6:1 and 0·3:1. The other two diets contained between 300 and 400 g barley/kg total diet (11·3 MJ metabolizable energy/kg DM) and the urea-N to fish meal-N ratios were 3:1 and 0·3:1.2. On the four low-energy diets, fish meal inclusion tended to reduce the extent of organic matter (OM) digestion in the rumen but significantly increased duodenal amino acid supply (P< 0·05) in a quadratic manner. Microbial-N synthesis was increased by the two intermediate levels of fish meal supplementation but declined at the highest level of inclusion. With increasing levels of fish meal inclusion, a greater proportion of the dietary protein was found to escape rumen degradation and the apparent degradabilities of fish meal and maize-silage protein of all four diets were estimated to be 0·22 and 0·73 respectively.3. The substitution of barley for part of the maize silage enhanced duodenal supply of amino acids, irrespective of the form of the N supplement, and stimulated microbial amino acid synthesis. For all diets efficiency of microbial-N synthesis was found to vary between 22·5 and 46 g N/kg rumen-digested OM. Contrary to what was found for low-energy diets, the inclusion of fish meal tended to reduce the flow of dietary protein to the small intestine, but these differences were not statistically significant.4. The results appertaining to microbial synthesis, dietary protein degradabilities and duodenal amino acid flow for all diets are discussed in relation to the Agricultural Research Council (1980) proposals for the protein requirements of ruminants, and the production responses observed when similar diets were fed to growing cattle.

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