EFFECT OF SPRINKLER IRRIGATION AND COOLING ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SNAP BEANS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. KEMP ◽  
K. K. KROGMAN ◽  
E. H. HOBBS
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Low Volume

High temperatures and dry soil conditions that frequently occur in southern Alberta during July and August may cause objectionably high fiber content of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). During the period 1968–71, the response of bean yield and quality to cooling by low-volume sprinkler irrigation during hot weather at the time of pod development was studied. Low-volume sprinkling for cooling prevented undesirable fiber formation and alleviated, to some extent, soil moisture stress. Where soil moisture was returned to field capacity by irrigation at 7- to 10-day intervals, yield and quality also remained high without low-volume sprinkler cooling. Thus, under Alberta conditions, excess fiber formation appears to be closely related to the amount of available soil moisture and can be avoided by proper irrigation with conventional methods.

scholarly journals Development, yield and quality attributes of sugarcane cultivars fertigated by subsurface drip irrigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
André L. B. de O. Silva ◽  
Regina C. M. Pires ◽  
Rafael V. Ribeiro ◽  
Eduardo C. Machado ◽  
Gabriel C. Blain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Solids Content

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the development, yield and quality of four sugarcane cultivars fertigated by subsurface drip system. The experiment was carried out in Campinas-SP, Brazil, from January 2012 to November 2013, with the cultivars SP79-1011, IACSP94-2101, IACSP94-2094 and IACSP95-5000 subjected to daily irrigations. The irrigations depths were applied to bring soil moisture to field capacity. Soil moisture was monitored using soil moisture probes. Samples were collected along the crop cycle in order to evaluate crop development and yield, at the end of the first and second ratoons. Stalk height showed good correlation for the estimation of crop yield, with R2 equal to or higher than 0.96. The cultivar IACSP95-5000 showed the highest yield in the first ratoon. In the second ratoon the highest yield was observed in IACSP94-2101, followed by IACSP95-5000 and SP79-1011. Considering the yield results associated with the technological analysis, such as soluble solids content and apparent sucrose, the cultivar IACSP95-5000 excelled the others in the cultivation under subsurface drip irrigation.

Annual pattern of soil moisture stress under sown and native pastures

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Begg
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
New England ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Available Soil Moisture ◽  
Native Pastures

Soil moisture fluctuations were measured under a phalaris-white clover pasture and under three native pasture types in the New England region of New South Wales over a 4-year period, by means of the gypsum resistance block technique. The results indicate that large differences in available soil moisture occur at times within areas of apparently similar soil type and that these differences are reflected by the different pasture types in the area. Although the lengths of the period during which soil moisture was unavailable differed considerably under the different pastures the general pattern was similar. The months of greatest soil moisture stress were December, January, April, and May, while the period of most favourable soil moisture was from June to November. Thus although most of the rain fell during the period December to May the rain which fell from June to November was more effective in maintaining available soil moisture. The subsoil dried out more rapidly and remained dry for a longer period under the sown pasture than under the native pasture type which the area previously carried, owing to the greater rate of removal of available soil moisture from under the sown pasture. Of the three native pasture types studied, the most favourable soil moisture pattern for plant growth occurred under the Sorghum-Themeda pasture. This pasture type may be a useful indicator of areas with soil conditions favourable for the growth of productive sown pastures.

scholarly journals Root Regeneration of Fall-Lifted White Spruce Nursery Stock in Relation to Soil Moisture Content

1975 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 196-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Day ◽  
G. R. MacGillivray
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Root Regeneration ◽  
Nursery Stock

The root regenerating potential of fall-lifted 2+0 white spruce nursery stock is described after transplanting into soil-maintained at 8, 10 and 15% soil moisture content (SMC) in glass fronted root boxes. At 15% SMC (0.1 bar soil moisture tension), which is close to field capacity, root regeneration began 10 days after transplanting and root elongation continued at a high rate for the remainder of a 40-day study period. At 10% SMC (0.6 bar SMT) root regeneration was delayed until 20 days after transplanting and root elongation was at a slower rate. At 8% SMC (1.5 bars) root regeneration and elongation was negligible. Plant moisture stress measured at 40 days was least when root regeneration was most and vice versa. The results suggest that field planting of white spruce in soils with moisture tensions of over 0.6 bar will be hazardous.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EVAPOTRANSPIRATION BY WHEAT AND THE STAGE OF CROP DEVELOPMENT, BELLANI-PLATE EVAPORATION, AND SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Semi Arid Region

Mean weekly evapotranspiration by spring wheat at Brandon, Man. (1955–1959) was dependent on the stage of development of the crop. It increased from 0.70 in. per week at the 3-leaf stage to 1.45 in. per week at the flowering stage and decreased to 0.60 in. per week as the crop reached maturity. Evapotranspiration was correlated positively with Bellani-plate evaporation when the soil was moist to the surface and correlated negatively when the surface soil was dry, but total soil moisture was greater than 50% of field capacity. When the soil moisture was less than 50% of field capacity evapotranspiration was not correlated with Bellani-plate evaporation. Evapotranspiration was correlated positively with total soil moisture plus rainfall. This emphasizes the importance of moisture stress in limiting evapotranspiration in a semi-arid region.

THE INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION TREATMENTS ON YIELDS AND ON FERTILIZER UTILIZATION BY SWEET CORN AND SNAP BEANS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. MacKay ◽  
C. A. Eaves
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Flower Stage ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

A range in each of the nutrients – nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium – was applied to an infertile Podzol soil in a split-plot experiment receiving the following sprinkler irrigation treatments: 1) "none", natural rainfall; 2) "minimum", 1 inch per irrigation during the critical stage of flowering to harvest; 3) "optimum", 1 inch per irrigation throughout the crop season; and 4) "excess", 2 inches per irrigation whenever 3) was applied.Both crops responded to irrigation during the flower to harvest stage but snap beans were more sensitive than sweet corn to moisture stress during the pre-flower stage. With both crops, yields from "excess" water were not significantly different from those of the "optimum" treatment.Greater yield responses were obtained from heavy rates of fertilizers with irrigation than without, and as a result the interaction of fertilizer × irrigation was significant in 3 of the 4 years. These effects appeared to be due mostly to the increased nutrient requirements of the larger crops, which resulted when moisture stress was removed, rather than to increased availability of native or applied nutrients. Phosphorus was the only nutrient whose concentration was consistently increased by irrigation, and this was slight.

Soybean (Glycine max) Response to AC 263,222 and Chlorimuron as Influenced by Soil Moisture

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Newsom ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Field experiments conducted in 1992 and 1993 evaluated differential response of 20 soybean cultivars to POST application of AC 263,222 or chlorimuron, as influenced by soil moisture. Natural rainfall was supplemented with overhead sprinkler irrigation to achieve three moisture regimes: excessive (12.5 cm/wk), optimum (5 cm/wk), and low (non-irrigated). Chlorimuron and AC 263,222 injured soybean. Excessive moisture did not increase soybean injury with chlorimuron for any of the cultivars tested compared to optimum moisture; however, 17 of 20 cultivars were injured more by AC 263,222 in combination with excessive moisture than optimum moisture. AC 263,222 reduced the height of five cultivars. Photosynthetic rate of several cultivars was reduced by both AC 263,222 and chlorimuron. Neither herbicide affected the number of nodes per main stem or seed weight; however, pod numbers were reduced for several cultivars with both herbicides. In the low moisture regime, AC 263,222 delayed the maturity of 18 of 20 cultivars with ‘Hutcheson’ maturity delayed 7.1 d. Excessive moisture when combined with AC 263,222 reduced yields for 12 cultivars, compared to five cultivars with chlorimuron. Under optimum moisture conditions, AC 263,222 reduced the yield of 10 cultivars, whereas chlorimuron reduced the yield of 9 cultivars. Low moisture stress only resulted in a yield reduction with 3 cultivars treated with AC 263,222.

The effect of soil moisture on light interception and the conversion coefficient for three landraces of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea)

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. COLLINSON ◽  
J. BERCHIE ◽  
S. N. AZAM-ALI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Conversion Coefficient ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Tropical Crops ◽  
Intercepted Radiation

Three landraces of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) were grown as crop stands in controlled environment glasshouses at the Tropical Crops Research Unit, University of Nottingham, in 1995. Two soil moisture treatments were imposed: irrigated to 90% field capacity each week and irrigated to 60% field capacity until establishment (27 days after sowing) with no further irrigation. Seasonal mean fractional interception varied between 0·20–0·37 for the droughted treatments and 0·62–0·74 for the irrigated treatments, resulting in cumulative intercepted radiation of 228–350 MJ/m2 and 662–794 MJ/m2, respectively. The maximum total dry matter (DM) produced was 5·8 t/ha at final harvest (145 days after sowing) with a pod yield of 2·7 t/ha. Under moisture stress there was little difference in DM production between landraces, with the highest total DM of 1·1 t/ha and a pod yield of 0·05 t/ha, representing a harvest index of 0·05 compared with an average of 0·46 for the irrigated treatments. The conversion coefficient was reduced from 1·00 under irrigation to 0·51 g DM/MJ radiation intercepted by soil moisture stress. Two of the landraces showed adaptive mechanisms to avoid drought; these are discussed in relation to maximizing seasonal radiation interception.

scholarly journals (220) Determination of Water and Nitrogen Requirements of Cabbage using Fertigation

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073E-1074
Author(s):  
Alan McKeown ◽  
Cathy Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality

Fertigation is a promising strategy to improve nitrogen use efficiency, yield, and quality of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), but there is a lack of data relevant to growers in Ontario. Field trials were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to determine the optimum rate of water and nitrogen application in terms of yield and quality of `Huron' cabbage. Treatments consisted of combinations of target soil moisture levels (25% to 100% field capacity) and nitrogen fertilizer (0–400 kg·ha-1 N) as dictated by a central rotatable composite design. Nitrogen applications were split with 50% broadcast and incorporated before planting and the remaining split into weekly applications via a trickle irrigation system. Water was applied two to three times per week to bring soil moisture up to the target levels. Maximum marketable yield was reached at a combination of 400 kg·ha-1 N and a soil moisture target of 100% field capacity. Many heads were undersized or undeveloped at low rates of nitrogen. Applications of nitrogen required for high yield and quality can pose a risk of leaching; however, use of fertigation minimizes potential in-season leaching. Estimated total residual nitrogen at harvest ranged from 83–211 kg·ha-1 N, which could have a negative impact on the environment. Thus, there is a considerable challenge to reduce environmental impact without economic losses. Improved knowledge of in-season nitrogen requirements might further reduce the levels of nitrogen applied without reducing yield and quality.

Soil moisture and temperature affect condensed tannin concentrations and growth in Lotus corniculatus and Lotus pedunculatus

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Anuraga ◽  
P Duarsa ◽  
MJ Hill ◽  
JV Lovett
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Slight Elevation ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus

Maku big trefoil and Dewey birdsfoot trefoil were grown at 14/10, 20/16, 26/22 and 32/28�C (14/10 h) in growth cabinets. Growth rates and condensed tannin (CT) concentrations were measured as soil moisture was changed from field capacity (FC) to 20% FC to FC again in three regrowth cycles. Seasonal dry matter accumulation and CT concentrations were also measured on these cultivars together with Sharnee big trefoil, Monarch cicer milkvetch, Chemung crownvetch and WL605 lucerne at two sites in the field. Condensed tannin concentrations were not greatly affected by temperature alone. However, moisture stress induced proportionately larger reductions in growth rates of big trefoil as temperature increased, and correspondingly larger rises in CT concentrations. Condensed tannin concentrations in birdsfoot trefoil were largely unaffected by these factors. In big trefoil, the responses in CT levels and growth rates continued even when soil moisture was returned to FC. Low temperature did not appear to affect CT concentrations in big trefoil, but caused some slight elevation in concentrations in birdsfoot trefoil. In the field, CT levels in the big trefoil cultivars, and in birdsfoot trefoil, were elevated in summer and autumn, when temperatures were high and periods of soil moisture stress occurred. The potential for elevated CT levels in big trefoil appears to be enhanced when growth rates are reduced by moisture stress and temperaturs are high. Big trefoil should be carefully screened for CT concentrations in the process of cultivar development. High CT levels are not a problem in birdsfoot trefoils such as Dewey.

EFFETS DU pH ET DES REGIMES HYDRIQUES DES SOLS SUR LES RENDEMENTS ET LA TENEUR EN Mn DE LA LUZERNE ET DU LOTIER CULTIVES EN SERRE

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. DIONNE ◽  
A. R. PESANT
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Moisture Regimes

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were grown under greenhouse conditions, on Ste-Rosalie clay and St-Jude sand adjusted at pH of 5.0, 6.5 and 7.5, in order to determine the effect of soil pH and soil moisture regimes on the yields of the two legumes. Three soil moisture regimes were used: (1) humid (H1), with soil moisture between saturation point and field capacity; (2) optimum (H2), with soil moisture between field capacity and 70% of this value; (3) dry (H3), with soil moisture between 50% of field capacity and wilting point. Under the dry soil moisture regime (H3), birdsfoot trefoil behaved in the same way as did alfalfa. Their drought resistance decreased as the soil pH increased. Dry matter yields were reduced by 61.5% when soils were limed at the pH of 7.5. Under the humid soil moisture regime (H1), the productivity of alfalfa decreased much more than that of birdsfoot trefoil. The effect of excess soil moisture on alfalfa was mostly observed on the unlimed soils. Under these wet and acid soil conditions, alfalfa was intoxicated and suffocated due to high exchangeable manganese content and poor soil aeration. Liming soils to the pH of 7.5 decreased exchangeable Mn in soils to a non-toxic level and alfalfa could then grow well enough to transpire off the excess of soil water. Birdsfoot trefoil was much less influenced by soil acidity and poor drainage than alfalfa was.

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