scholarly journals Verification of Preventive Effect of Dual-Task and N-Back Task- Incorporated Music Therapy against Dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazue Sawami ◽  
Himeyo Nakagawa ◽  
Yukari Katahata ◽  
Chizuko Suishu
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Back Task

scholarly journals A-12 Neuroticism and Extraversion are Related to Dual Task Postural Stability in Healthy Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-871
Author(s):  
C Kennedy ◽  
C Higginson ◽  
M Valenti ◽  
K Ibrahim ◽  
B Knarr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Balance Task ◽  
Path Lengths ◽  
Weather Prediction Task ◽  
Back Task

Abstract Objective The relation between personality and postural stability has received little attention. This study addressed whether neuroticism and extraversion are related to changes in postural stability and cognitive functioning during a standing balance task. Method Thirty-two healthy young adults completed a personality measure and two cognitive tasks, a 2-back task and a weather prediction task (WPT), both while seated and in tandem stance on a foam mat. Sway was quantified via normalized path lengths, and correlation coefficients were calculated between neuroticism, extraversion and dual task changes in postural stability and cognitive functioning. Results Consistent with predictions, higher neuroticism was related to increased dual task sway during the 2-back task, r = 0.40, p = 0.023, and lower extraversion was related to increased dual task sway during the WPT, r = -0.43, p = 0.013. Conclusions The results suggest that personality is related to postural stability in healthy young adults and that personality should be considered in the prediction of individuals at risk for falling or in the treatment of individuals with balance difficulties. The task-specific nature of the relation is discussed and may be due to differences in anxiety or underlying brain mechanisms between high neuroticism and low extraversion.

The Effects of Task Complexity and Practice on Dual-Task Interference in Visuospatial Working Memory

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Murray ◽  
Ken McFarland ◽  
Gina Geffen
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Task Interference ◽  
Recent Letter ◽  
Behavioural Performance ◽  
Linear Slope ◽  
Dual Task Interference ◽  
Back Task

AbstractAlthough the n-back task has been widely applied to neuroimagery investigations of working memory (WM), the role of practice effects on behavioural performance of this task has not yet been investigated. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of task complexity and familiarity on the n-back task. Seventy-seven participants (39 male, 38 female) completed a visuospatial n-back task four times, twice in two testing sessions separated by a week. Participants were required to remember either the first, second or third (n-back) most recent letter positions in a continuous sequence and to indicate whether the current item matched or did not match the remembered position. A control task, with no working memory requirements required participants to match to a predetermined stimulus position. In both testing sessions, reaction time (RT) and error rate increased with increasing WM load. An exponential slope for RTs in the first session indicated dual-task interference at the 3-back level. However, a linear slope in the second session indicated a reduction of dual-task interference. Attenuation of interference in the second session suggested a reduction in executive demands of the task with practice. This suggested that practice effects occur within the n-back task and need to be controlled for in future neuroimagery research using the task.

scholarly journals Examination on Brain Training Method: Effects of n-back task and dual-task

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Kazue Sawami ◽  
Yukari Katahata ◽  
Chizuko Suishu ◽  
Tomiko Kamiyoshikawa ◽  
Emi Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Cognitive Intervention ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Back Task

Background: Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is the most common dementia, accounting for more than 60% of all dementia cases. For adults aged >65 years, the incidence rate doubles for every 5 years of increased age; therefore, preserving cognitive function is a pressing issue. Thus, our team screens for AD in older adults with mild cognitive impairment, at 11 public halls in Kashihara City, Japan, and offers follow-up to those with cognitive difficulties. The purpose of this research was to measure the effects of two interventions, a dual-task (requiring the participant to perform two tasks at the same time) and an n-back task (test of memory retention, requiring the participant to identify the item occupying the nth-back position in a sequence of items). A comparison group performed a single learning task in place of the dual-task.  Moreover, the majority of non-drug therapies for the maintenance of cognitive function help promote a positive mood, activating reward systems in the brain and motivating the individual to continue the task. Therefore, the correlation between cognitive function, and positive and negative mood was investigated.  Methods: Dual and n- back task (n = 304) and single-task (n = 78) groups were compared in a 6-month intervention. Salivary α-amylase concentration was measured, which reflects positive and negative mood, and correlations with cognitive function were analyzed.  Results: Cognitive function improved in both the dual-task and the single-task groups, and many cognitive domains had improved in the dual-task group. A correlation between salivary α-amylase and cognitive function was found, indicating that a greater positive mood was associated with greater cognitive function. Conclusion: The results of this research show that functional decline can be improved by a cognitive intervention. Positive mood and cognitive function were correlated, suggesting that encouraging comfort in the participant can increase the effectiveness of the intervention.

scholarly journals Younger and Late Middle-Aged Adults Exhibit Different Patterns of Cognitive-Motor Interference During Locomotor Adaptation, With No Disruption of Savings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Rossi ◽  
Ryan T. Roemmich ◽  
Nicolas Schweighofer ◽  
Amy J. Bastian ◽  
Kristan A. Leech
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Motor Adaptation ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Dual Tasking ◽  
Locomotor Adaptation ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Back Task

It has been proposed that motor adaptation and subsequent savings (or faster relearning) of an adapted movement pattern are mediated by cognitive processes. Here, we evaluated the pattern of cognitive-motor interference that emerges when young and late middle-aged adults perform an executive working memory task during locomotor adaptation. We also asked if this interferes with savings of a newly learned walking pattern, as has been suggested by a study of reaching adaptation. We studied split-belt treadmill adaptation and savings in young (21 ± 2 y/o) and late middle-aged (56 ± 6 y/o) adults with or without a secondary 2-back task during adaptation. We found that young adults showed similar performance on the 2-back task during baseline and adaptation, suggesting no effect of the dual-task on cognitive performance; however, dual-tasking interfered with adaptation over the first few steps. Conversely, dual-tasking caused a decrement in cognitive performance in late middle-aged adults with no effect on adaptation. To determine if this effect was specific to adaptation, we also evaluated dual-task interference in late middle-aged adults that dual-tasked while walking in a complex environment that did not induce motor adaptation. This group exhibited less cognitive-motor interference than late middle-aged adults who dual-tasked during adaptation. Savings was unaffected by dual-tasking in both young and late middle-aged adults, which may indicate different underlying mechanisms for savings of reaching and walking. Collectively, our findings reveal an age-dependent effect of cognitive-motor interference during dual-task locomotor adaptation and no effect of dual-tasking on savings, regardless of age. Young adults maintain cognitive performance and show a mild decrement in locomotor adaptation, while late middle-aged adults adapt locomotion at the expense of cognitive performance.

Effect of Auditory or Visual Working Memory Training on Dual-Task Interference

Motor Control ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-317
Author(s):  
Takehide Kimura ◽  
Ryouta Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Task Interference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dual Task Interference ◽  
Back Task

Dual-task interference causes many accidents. Working memory (WM) training has the potential to reduce dual-task interference. However, an effective method of WM training for reducing dual-task interference has not been established. This study aimed to examine whether WM training using auditory stimuli (auditory WM training) or visual stimuli (visual WM training) would more effectively reduce dual-task interference. Twenty-two young adults performed an N-back task with auditory or visual stimuli for auditory or visual WM training, for 2 weeks. The authors assessed dual-task interference before and after each training. The authors used a hierarchic multilevel model for these assessment parameters. As a result, visual WM training might be more effective for reducing dual-task interference than auditory WM training.

Effects of Concurrent Manual Task Performance on Connected Speech Acoustics in Individuals With Parkinson Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 2099-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Whitfield ◽  
Zoe Kriegel ◽  
Adam M. Fullenkamp ◽  
Daryush D. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Speech Acoustics ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Manual Task ◽  
Task Conditions

Purpose Prior investigations suggest that simultaneous performance of more than 1 motor-oriented task may exacerbate speech motor deficits in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the extent to which performing a low-demand manual task affected the connected speech in individuals with and without PD. Method Individuals with PD and neurologically healthy controls performed speech tasks (reading and extemporaneous speech tasks) and an oscillatory manual task (a counterclockwise circle-drawing task) in isolation (single-task condition) and concurrently (dual-task condition). Results Relative to speech task performance, no changes in speech acoustics were observed for either group when the low-demand motor task was performed with the concurrent reading tasks. Speakers with PD exhibited a significant decrease in pause duration between the single-task (speech only) and dual-task conditions for the extemporaneous speech task, whereas control participants did not exhibit changes in any speech production variable between the single- and dual-task conditions. Conclusions Overall, there were little to no changes in speech production when a low-demand oscillatory motor task was performed with concurrent reading. For the extemporaneous task, however, individuals with PD exhibited significant changes when the speech and manual tasks were performed concurrently, a pattern that was not observed for control speakers. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8637008

Dual Task, Noise, and The Speech-Language Pathologist: A Clinical Guideline for Adult Multi-Tasking Intervention With Noise

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Jennine Harvey ◽  
Scott Seeman ◽  
Deborah von Hapsburg
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Clinical Guideline ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Hearing In Noise ◽  
Hearing Function ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The field of Cognitive Hearing Science examines the relationship between cognitive, linguistic, and hearing functions. Although these areas are of particular importance to speech-language pathology, few studies have investigated applications of cognitive hearing science to clinical practice. The purpose of this review article is to (1) explore and present a summary of cognitive hearing science techniques for dual-task and hearing-in-noise procedures and implications to speech-language pathology, and (2) provide a clinical guide for speech-language pathology in adult multitasking intervention with noise. It is well understood that areas of cognitive skill and hearing function decline with age; therefore, additional understanding of the relationship of these functions is of particular importance to speech-language pathologists working with older individuals. This article meets the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (ASHA's) Special Interest Group (SIG) 15's mission of “research-to-practice” professional development by “promoting understanding of the effects of normal and pathological aging on cognition, language […] and hearing” (ASHA, 2017), and is intended to be of interest to the SIG 15 readership.

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