scholarly journals Declining Burden of Plasmodium vivax in a Population in Northwestern Thailand from 1995 to 2016 before Comprehensive Primaquine Prescription for Radical Cure

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy S. Chu ◽  
Verena I. Carrara ◽  
Daniel M. Parker ◽  
Stéphane Proux ◽  
Prakaykaew Charunwatthana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Northwestern Thailand

scholarly journals Protective effect of Mediterranean-type glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency against Plasmodium vivax malaria

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam R Awab ◽  
Fahima Aaram ◽  
Natsuda Jamornthanyawat ◽  
Kanokon Suwannasin ◽  
Watcharee Pagornrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

X-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common human enzymopathy. The severe Mediterranean variant (G6PD Med) found across Europe and Asia is thought to confer protection against malaria, but its effect is unclear. We fitted a Bayesian statistical model to observed G6PD Med allele frequencies in 999 Pashtun patients presenting with acute Plasmodium vivax malaria and 1408 population controls. G6PD Med was associated with reductions in symptomatic P. vivax malaria incidence of 76% (95% credible interval [CI], 58–88) in hemizygous males and homozygous females combined and 55% (95% CI, 38–68) in heterozygous females. Unless there is very large population stratification within the Pashtun (confounding these results), the G6PD Med genotype confers a very large and gene-dose proportional protective effect against acute vivax malaria. The proportion of patients with vivax malaria at risk of haemolysis following 8-aminoquinoline radical cure is substantially overestimated by studies measuring G6PD deficiency prevalence in healthy subjects.

scholarly journals Expanding the Use of Primaquine for the Radical Cure of Plasmodium vivax

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1008-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ric N Price ◽  
Nicholas M Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Radical Cure

scholarly journals Population structure and spatio-temporal transmission dynamics of Plasmodium vivax after radical cure treatment in a rural village of the Peruvian Amazon

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Delgado-Ratto ◽  
Veronica E Soto-Calle ◽  
Peter Van den Eede ◽  
Dionicia Gamboa ◽  
Angel Rosas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals A Comparison of Two Short-Course Primaquine Regimens for the Treatment and Radical Cure of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Thailand

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee ◽  
Nicholas J. White ◽  
Kesinee Chotivanich ◽  
Nicholas P. J. Day ◽  
Mallika Imwong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria

scholarly journals Subdoses of primaquine in overweight patients and malaria vivax relapses: report of two cases in the Federal District, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Barberino Santos ◽  
Francisco das Chagas de Oliveira Luz ◽  
Fernando Augusto Lopes Deckers ◽  
Pedro Luiz Tauil
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Vector Transmission

Two cases of malaria by Plasmodium vivax relapsed after treatment with drugs in doses recommended by the Ministry of Health are presented. Both patients were overweight and were followed in the Federal District, an area considered free from vector transmission of the disease. Radical cure was obtained after medication with the same drugs in weight proportional doses.

scholarly journals Towards the elimination of Plasmodium vivax malaria: Implementing the radical cure

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. e1003494
Author(s):  
Kamala Thriemer ◽  
Benedikt Ley ◽  
Lorenz von Seidlein
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria

scholarly journals Determinants of primaquine and carboxyprimaquine exposures in children and adults with Plasmodium vivax malaria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy S Chu ◽  
James A Watson ◽  
Aung Pyae Phyo ◽  
Htun Htun Win ◽  
Widi Yotyingaphiram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Cyp 2D6

Background Primaquine is the only widely available drug for radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria. There is uncertainty whether the pharmacokinetic properties of primaquine are altered significantly in childhood or not. Methods Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase normal patients with uncomplicated P. vivax malaria were randomized to receive either chloroquine (25mg base/kg) or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (dihydroartemisinin 7mg/kg and piperaquine 55mg/kg) plus primaquine; given either as 0.5 mg base/kg/day for 14 days or 1 mg/kg/day for 7 days. Pre-dose day 7 venous plasma concentrations of chloroquine, desethylchloroquine, piperaquine, primaquine and carboxyprimaquine were measured. Methemoglobin levels were measured on day 7. Results Day 7 primaquine and carboxyprimaquine concentrations were available for 641 patients. After adjustment for the primaquine mg/kg daily dose, day of sampling, partner drug, and fever clearance, there was a significant non-linear relationship between age and trough primaquine and carboxyprimaquine concentrations, and day methemoglobin levels. Compared to adults 30 years of age, children 5 years of age had trough primaquine concentrations 0.53 (95% CI: 0.39- 0.73) fold lower, trough carboxyprimaquine concentrations 0.45 (95% CI: 0.35- 0.55) fold lower, and day 7 methemoglobin levels 0.87 (95% CI: 0.58-1.27) fold lower. Increasing concentrations of piperaquine and chloroquine and poor metabolizer CYP 2D6 alleles were associated with higher day 7 primaquine and carboxyprimaquine concentrations. Higher blood methemoglobin concentrations were associated with a lower risk of recurrence. Conclusion Young children have lower primaquine and carboxyprimaquine exposures, and lower levels of methemoglobinemia, than adults. Young children may need higher weight adjusted primaquine doses than adults.

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