Cost-Effective Field Reprogrammable Code - Flash Memory Technology

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Flash Memory ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Field

Evaluation of Two Field Screening Test Kits for the Detection of PCBs in Soil by Immunoassay

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1664-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry C Waters ◽  
Rob R Smith ◽  
Joe H Stewart ◽  
Roger A Jenkins ◽  
Richard W Counts
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
Hazardous Waste Sites ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Antigen Antibody

Abstract Effective field screening methods could minimize the time and reduce the cost of characterizing and remediating hazardous waste sites. Rigorous evaluation of novel field screening methods is required before they can be considered as replacements for, or adjuncts to, currently used laboratory methods. Alternatives to standard laboratory analytical methods should be rapid, analyte-specific, cost-effective, accurate, and sensitive in the range at which the analyte is regulated. In this study, 2 immunoassay- based field test kits for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil were evaluated with reference to those criteria. PCBs were analyzed in both spiked and field soil samples. Based on laboratory performance, we estimate that 20 to 40 samples can be analyzed in the field per day. Sensitivity of the assay is in the 1 ppm range. Because the assay is based on the specificity of the antigen/antibody reaction, interferences are practically negligible. The method is accurate; the false-negative and false-positive results that were observed can be explained by differences in the immunoreactivities of the Aroclors present in the test samples and the Aroclors used as standards in the assay. The savings in time and expense to analyze PCBs in soil with the immunoassay-based test kits over conventional laboratory methods should be substantial.

scholarly journals Development of a Push-Type Liquid Fertilizer and Pesticide Sprayer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadeyibi, A., ◽  
Akpenpuun, T. D. ◽  
Issah, A. M.
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Rotating Shaft ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Materials Used

Low yield, insect, pest and weeds competing with crops are challenges in crop production systems in Nigeria. This research was carried out to design and developed a push-type wheel operated liquid fertilizer/ pesticide sprayer. The materials used for fabrication were selected based on the design assumptions, calculations and sourced locally. The sprayer was mechanically operated through the rotating shaft of the cartwheels using a slider-cranks mechanism. An accumulator was provided to create the required pressure of continuous spraying action. The sprayer possesses two tanks of 16 L each, a wheel, a coup-able stand, eight nozzles and an adjustable height depending on the crop height. The sprayer can cover 4.8 hectares per day, effective field capacity of 1.13 ha/h, theoretical field capacity of 1.24 ha/h. and field efficiency of 91%. The developed sprayer consumes less time, cost effective, high efficiency and the users will just have to pull the cart and the whole mechanism will be operated with ease.

Thermal Benefits With Subsea Heat Bank

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Falk ◽  
Rune Killie ◽  
Svein Ha˚heim ◽  
Per Damsleth
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Gas Hydrate Formation ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Cfd Analyses

Subsea production of oil and gas involves structures on the seabed such as manifolds and X-mas trees that require thermal insulation of piping and valves to avoid gas hydrate formation. The insulation is expensive and time consuming to apply yet may still leave areas with inadequate protection. These “cold spots” accelerate the cooling during a production shutdown. A Heat-Bank concept is developed as an alternative to conventional insulation. The entire subsea structure is covered with an insulated shell. During shutdowns the heated fluid inside the cover keeps the production equipment warm over a prolonged period before hydrates start to form. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are used to quantify the heat loss effects of natural convection and leakage through openings in the cover. The CFD analyses demonstrate the relative performance of the concept compared to the traditional method of insulating individual piping components. Application of the Heat-Bank concept opens new possibilities for environmentally friendly and cost-effective field development, especially for deep water.

scholarly journals Chitinases from Bacteria to Human: Properties, Applications, and Future Perspectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Singh Rathore ◽  
Rinkoo D. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Laboratory Evolution ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Chitin is the second most plenteous polysaccharide in nature after cellulose, present in cell walls of several fungi, exoskeletons of insects, and crustacean shells. Chitin does not accumulate in the environment due to presence of bacterial chitinases, despite its abundance. These enzymes are able to degrade chitin present in the cell walls of fungi as well as the exoskeletons of insect. They have shown being the potential agents for biological control of the plant diseases caused by various pathogenic fungi and insect pests and thus can be used as an alternative to chemical pesticides. There has been steady increase in demand of chitin derivatives, obtained by action of chitinases on chitin polymer for various industrial, clinical, and pharmaceutical purposes. Hence, this review focuses on properties and applications of chitinases starting from bacteria, followed by fungi, insects, plants, and vertebrates. Designing of chitinase by applying directed laboratory evolution and rational approaches for improved catalytic activity for cost-effective field applications has also been explored.

Reservoir Engineering Aspect of Well Construction for Cost Effective Field Development: Advances in Drainage Point Selection

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengsoon Chuah ◽  
Sumit Soni ◽  
Shlok Jalan ◽  
Hooman Kartooti ◽  
Tg. M. Fauzi B. Tg. A. Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Reservoir Engineering ◽  
Point Selection ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Engineering Aspect

Cost-Effective Field Applications Utilizing Coiled-Tubing Inflatable Packer System in South Mexico

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Cazares-Robles ◽  
Juan Jose De La Fuente Rodriguez ◽  
Angel Moreno ◽  
Mario Noguez Lugo ◽  
Guadalupe Tellez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Coiled Tubing

scholarly journals Nanostructured Materials in Information Storage

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 831-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvonimir Z. Bandić ◽  
Dmitri Litvinov ◽  
M. Rooks
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Flash Memory ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Magnetic Memory ◽  
Magnetic Media ◽  
Patterned Media ◽  
Nanoscale Fabrication ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Silicon Based

AbstractThe ever-increasing demand for information storage has pushed research and development of nonvolatile memories, particularly magnetic disk drives and silicon-based memories, to areal densities where bit sizes are approaching nanometer dimensions. At this level, material and device phenomena make further scaling increasingly difficult. The difficulties are illustrated in the examples of magnetic media and flash memory, such as thermal instability of sub-100-nm bits in magnetic memory and charge retention in flash memory, and solutions are discussed in the form of patterned media and crosspoint memories. The materials-based difficulties are replaced by nanofabrication challenges, requiring the introduction of new techniques such as nanoimprinting lithography for cost-effective manufacturing and self-assembly for fabrication on the sub-25-nm scale. Articles in this issue describe block-copolymer lithographic fabrication of patterned media, materials studies on the scaling limits of phase-change-based crosspoint memories, nanoscale fabrication using imprint lithography, and biologically inspired protein-based memory.

scholarly journals COHERENT, PLUNGING WATER JETS FOR OIL SPILL CONTROL

1981 ◽  
Vol 1981 (1) ◽  
pp. 655-660
Author(s):  
J. H. Nash ◽  
M. G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Inland Waterways ◽  
Water Jets ◽  
Environmental Test ◽  
Spill Control

ABSTRACT The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT) has designed a wide variety of water jet applications for control of spilled oil. This latest study reveals the advantage of using a simple nozzle consisting of a standard pipe mounted to produce a coherent vertical jet of water downward. Examples are illustrated with test data for several cost effective, field erectable systems using standard available water pumps and hardware. One system uses a series of jets to converge a 4.5-meter wide, 1-millimeter thick slick to 0.6 meter wide by 8 millimeters thick, moving at 6 knots in waves. The report reviews experience and test data obtained With a small barge, weir-type skimmer, mounted on a diverting inflatable boom system. This can be used to simulate the new USCG-ZRV fast current skimmer, the Bennett advancing belt skimmer, the U.S. Navy offshore spill tests, and dock simulations with the OHMSETT main bridge. Advancing skimmers may use the water jet boom system for three reasons. First, it allows an encounter width wider than the skimmer. Next, it will cause a thin slick to become thicker, thereby possibly allowing the skimmer oil pickup techniques to be more efficient. A water jet system can be used to couple a boom-towed skimmer and prevent skirt losses at the skimmer entrance. Future experiments are planned to field test the water jets in fixed and mobile applications on inland waterways.

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