scholarly journals Effect of methanol extract of Anacardium occidentale stem bark on agonist-induced contraction in rat uterine muscle

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
B. O. Omolaso
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Force Transducer ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Uterine Muscle ◽  
Laboratory Rodents ◽  
The Right

Anacardium occidentale (Ao) is widely used in ethnomedicine and the effect on contractility of the gut and heart muscles of laboratory rodents have been established however, its effect on the contractility of uterine muscle has been rarely researched. The present study investigated the effect of stem bark methanolic extract of Anacardium occidentale (AoME) on Isolated Rat Uterus Strips (IRUS). The Anacardium occidentale methanol extract (AoME) was obtained by solvent extraction. The IRUS were suspended in a bath containing 15 ml of De Jalon's solution through a silk connected to a force transducer. A tension of 1.0 g was applied. The strips were allowed to equilibrate for a period of 60–90 min before the commencement of the experiment. The extract (0.025- 0.3mg/ml) added cumulatively did not modify the normal tonus in most of the IRUS used except in one where it feebly contracted it. However, the contractile responses induced by acetylcholine (10-9 -10-5 M) and oxytocin (10-9 -10-5 M) on the IRUS were almost completely blocked by pre-incubated AoME at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml. Stem bark methanol extract of Anacardium occidentale shifted the log concentration curve of both agonists to the right. The present results report the antagonistic effects of stem bark methanol extract of Anacardium occidentale on oxytocin and acetylcholine-induced contraction in rat uterus strips. Keywords: Anacardium occidentale, Oxytocin, Acetylcholine, Uterus, Smooth muscle

scholarly journals Preliminary Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Investigation of Anthocaphalus chinensis

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Hossain ◽  
M. Z. Sultan ◽  
A. M. S. Chowdhury ◽  
C. M. Hasan ◽  
M. A. Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Microbiological Investigation ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Soluble Fractions

The methanol extract of the stem bark of Anthocephalus chinensis as well as its n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions were subjected to brine shrimp lethality bioassay and microbiological investigation. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the aqueous soluble partitionate of the methanolic extract revealed the highest cytotoxicity having LC50 of 1.19 mg/ml while in case of antimicrobial screening, the chloroform soluble materials demonstrated moderate inhibition of growth of test organisms. Keywords: Anthocephalus chinensis; Rubiaceae; Cytotoxicity; Antimicrobial. © 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: 10.3329/jsr.v3i3.7529               J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 689-692 (2011)

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoids, Metal Content and Proximate Potential of Solanum xanthocarpum L. (Solanaceae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nosheen Azhar ◽  
Muhammad Qayyum Khan ◽  
Asia Bibi ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib ◽  
Sadia Mumtaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Solanum Xanthocarpum

AbstractThe current research work is focused on screening of antimicrobial, antioxidant, total phenolic, total flavonoid, metal estimation and proximate potential of four parts (fruits, leaves, stem bark and root bark) of S. xanthocarpum. Antimicrobial potential of dried crude extracts of S. xanthocarpum were evaluated against two gram positive bacteria (S. aureus, P. vulgaris), three gram negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia, E. coli), three fungi (A. flavus, F. solani, stolonifer) and two yeasts (S. cerevisiae, C. albicans) by using disc diffusion assay. Five organic solvents ranging from non-polar to highly polar were used for extraction of active metabolites. Amongst all the parts of S. xanthocarpum tested, antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of fruits (14.67±0.33) against P. aeruginosa, ethanolic extract of leaves against P. vulgaris (14±0.58), stem bark methanolic extract against S. aureus (13±0.58) and stem bark methanolic extract against P. vulgaris (17.67±0.33) were found to be more significant. All other extracts also showed promising antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens. Among fungal pathogens, R. stolonifer and S. cerevisiae were found to be more sensitive to extracts of S. xanthocarpum. Gram negative bacteria exhibited more resistance than gram positive bacteria. However, fungi were found to be more resistant than bacteria. All the extracts showed antioxidant activity. However, methanol extract of stem bark of S. xanthocarpum with IC50 value of 0.323102 mg mL−1 showed maximum antioxidant potential. Total phenolic contents ranged from 12.3541±1.73 to 23.2942±1.33 Pmol GA/ug. However, highest flavonoid content was found in the stem bark extract (17.8480±1.75 ugRutin/ug) and lowest in leaves extract of S. xanthocarpum (2.4806±0.59 ugRutin/ug). Total metal contamination in four parts of Solanum xanthocarpum (fruits, leaves, stem bark and root bark) was estimated by atomic absorption spectroscopy and results showed Cadmium contamination in its stem bark and root bark, Chromium contamination in leaves, stem bark and root bark, Copper and Magnesium contamination in all parts of S. xanthocarpum and Maganese contamination in leaves critically above the standard permissible limits. The proximate analysis of the Solanum xanthocarpum revealed that stem bark is a poor source of lipid (3.42%) and high carbohydrate (50.07%) and ash (16.50%) contents. Whereas, root bark has highest wet moisture content (65%), dry moisture content (20%) and lowest fiber (13%). Highest energy (285.455%), protein (8.32%), fat (9.79%) and lowest amount of ash (13%) was found in fruits. This composition shows that the Solanum xanthocarpum could be considered as a good source of carbohydrate, moisture and energy. These results revealed that over all, methanolic extract of the S. xanthocarpum is richest in phenolic, flavonoid and nutritional contents as well as most potent against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Therefore, further investigation is recommended to isolate, screen and characterize their active metabolites.

Investigation of antiulcer activity of Pergularia extensa Linn

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Pavani C H
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dose Dependent

This study was based on determination of the antiulcer activity from methanol extract was prepared by using barks of pergularia extensa linn.. Priliminary investigations showed presence of saponins, terpenes, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids and sterols. Based on OECD-423 Guidelines, the pharmacology and acute oral toxicity studies were conducted by using methanolic extract. Ulcer development was prevented by Tannins because of their vasoconstriction effects and due to protein precipitation. Similarly, the Methanolic extract of Pergularia extensa Linn shows triterpenoids and saponins. The phytoconstituents are present in the extract and these could be possible agents which are involved in order to prevent gastric lesions induced by aspirin. When compared to ulcerative control groups, this Pergularia extensa Linn., shows a dose dependent curative ratio. The extracts exhibited an inhibition percentage of 27.18, 45.47 and 61.28 at doses of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg doses respectively. 

Cytoprotective and antisecretory properties of methanolic extract of Distemonanthus benthamianus (Caesalpiniaceae) stem bark on acute gastric ulcer in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Mba Matah Marthe ◽  
Gilbert Ateufack ◽  
Marius Mbiantcha ◽  
William Yousseu Nana ◽  
Albert Donatien Atsamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Gastric Lesion ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Antisecretory Activity ◽  
Antisecretory Effect ◽  
Pylorus Ligation

AbstractObjectivesIn African traditional medicine, Distemonanthus benthamianus (Caesalpiniaceae) is used to treat many diseases including gastric ulcers. We evaluated in this study, the cytoprotective and antisecretory properties of the methanolic extract of the stem bark of this plant using different technics of gastric lesion induction.MethodsCytoprotective and antisecretory activity of the methanolic extract of D. benthamianus stem bark was evolved through six methods of gastric lesion induction in experimental Wistar male rats (150–200 g): (1) gastric lesions induced by HCl/ethanol, (2) gastric lesions induced by Indomethacin- HCl/ethanol, (3) gastric lesion induced by Indomethacin, (4) gastric lesions induced by Pylorus ligation, (5) gastric lesions induced by histamine-Pylorus ligation, (6) gastric lesions induced by carbachol-Pylorus ligation. Mucus and gastric mucosal ulceration were evaluated. pH, gastric volume, and acidity were quantified in all pylorus ligation induction technics. Nitric oxide (NO) level was determined in indomethacin induced gastric ulcers.ResultsAt different doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg), extract reduced significantly the ulcer index. In all models used, that is 100.00% with HCl/ethanol; 100.00% with HCl/ethanol/indomethacin; 95.70% with Indomethacin; 74.79% with pylorus ligation, 95.94% histamine-Pylorus ligation, 99.54% carbachol-Pylorus ligation at the highest dose of 500 mg/kg. The lesion formation reduces in all the methods used followed by a significant increase of mucus production. The pylorus ligation technic revealed that the extract has an antisecretory activity.ConclusionsThe methanolic extract of D. benthamianus stem bark has both cytoprotective and antisecretory effects. This extract exerts its antisecretory effect trough cholinergic and histaminergic pathways.

scholarly journals Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicity Evaluation of the Methanolic Extract of Alstonia scholaris Stem Bark

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idris Bello ◽  
Abdulmenem Bakkouri ◽  
Yasser Tabana ◽  
Bassel Al-Hindi ◽  
Majed Al-Mansoub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Alstonia Scholaris

scholarly journals IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM VIBURNUM PUNCTATUM BUCH-HAM EX D. DON

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
A. Renjith Alex ◽  
K. Ilango
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Human Colon Cancer Cells

Objective: The main aim of the study was to screen the isolated compounds of Viburnum Punctatum for its in vitro anticancer activity and its percentage viability against HCT 15 (Human Colon Cancer Cells) Cell lines.Methods: Pet ether, Chloroform, Methanol and Aqueous extracts was prepared and assayed for the presence of phytochemicals. Two compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of Viburnum Punctatum by column chromatography such as ME1 (Quercetin) and ME2 (Kaemferol-3-glycoside) characterised by UV, IR, MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The above isolated compounds were subjected to in vitro anticancer activity on HCT 15 cell lines was evaluated by Micro culture Tetrazolium (MTT) assay.Results: ME1 showed significant cytotoxic activity than the ME2 on HCT 15 cells with a percentage viability of 54.60 and 67.18 in the concentration of 10µg/ml and 50µg/ml respectively.Conclusion: On the basis of obtained results, ME1 and ME2 isolated from a methanolic extract of Viburnum Punctatum represent a new group of cytotoxic against HCT 15 Cell lines.

scholarly journals GALLIC ACID: A PHENOLIC ACID AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY FROM STEM BARK OF CHLOROFORM EXTRACTS OF SYZYGIUM LITORALE (BLUME) AMSHOFF (MYRTACEAE)

Molekul ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tukiran Tukiran ◽  
Fitriyatul Mahmudah ◽  
Nurul Hidayati ◽  
Kuniyoshi Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Authentic Sample ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Isolated Compound

A phenolic acid had been isolated from chloroform soluble fractions of a methanol extract of stem bark of Syzygium litorale, Fam. Myrtaceae. The structure of the isolated compound was elucidated and established as gallic acid through extensive spectroscopic studies (UV-Vis, FTIR, and NMR) and by comparison with literature data and authentic sample. This is the first report of the isolation of compound from this plant, although it has previously been found in Myrtaceae family such as S. aromaticum, S. cumini, S. polyanthum, S. cordatum, etc. The chloroform fraction, isolated compound, and vitamin C showed very strong antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with IC50 value of 23.2, 7.5, and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively.

scholarly journals Pharmacological potential of methanol extract of Anacardium occidentale stem bark on alloxan-induced diabetic rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2440-2454
Author(s):  
D. A. Omoboyowa ◽  
F. O. Afolabi ◽  
T. C. Aribigbola
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Β Cells

Background: The anti-hyperglycemic potential of methanol stem bark extract of Anacardium occidentale (MSBEAO) was investigated using an alloxan-induced diabetic rat model. Alloxan administration induces the generation of free radicals which can affect antioxidant status resulting in the disruption of the β-cells of the pancreas. Therefore, this study examines the antioxidant potential of the plant extract and the ameliorating effect on the pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan monohydrate. MSBEAO, at a concentration of 100 or 200 mg/kg b.w. was orally administered to alloxan-induced diabetic rats and normal rats. The hypoglycemic effect, oral glucose tolerance test, and biochemical assay of alloxan-induced diabetic rats were assayed using standard procedures. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, carbohydrates, and phenols at moderate concentrations. The lethality dose (LD50) of the plant extract was found to be equal to or less than 5000 mg/kg b.w. The hypoglycemic effect of the extract on the non-diabetic rats revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the blood glucose concentration of animals administered with 1 g/kg b.w. of the extract, compared to normal control rats administered with normal saline. In the oral glucose tolerance test, the methanol extract exerted the highest response, similar to glibenclamide after 15 and 30 minutes of administration, compared to the control rats. The methanol extract yielded the highest blood glucose lowering effects after 9 days of treatment (p<0.05), compared to diabetic rats administered with normal saline and 0.3 mg/kg b.w. of glibenclamide. Administration of the extract at 200 mg/kg b.w. showed improved pancreas architecture and regeneration of the β-cells, compared with the pancreas of animals in the other groups. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that MSBEAO is a potentially effective agent for the management of diabetes which might result from the antioxidant-generating capacity of the stem bark.

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