Growth indices and grain yield attributes in six maize cultivars representing two era of maize breeding in Nigeria

Two-year field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2015 and 2016 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to evaluate the effect of potassium (K) fertilization on growth indices, yield attributes and economicsof the dry direct seeded basmati rice. Application of recommended dose of K (60 kg ha-1) half at basal and remaining half at panicle initiation increased the grain yield (5.4 tha-1), net returns (Rs. 85,000 ha-1) and B: C (1.8) ratio by 10, 16 and 20% respectively, over applying the entire amount of K as basal. Significant positive correlation was observed between yield attributes [total tillers(r2=0.74), effective tillers m-2(r2=0.79)]and grain yield of dry direct seeded basmati rice. The two foliar sprays (1st spray at active tillering, 2nd spray at panicle initiation) of 2.5% potassium nitrate (T6) increased fertile tillers % (93.8%), fertility % (83.5%) and grain yield (4.3 t ha-1) by 5%, 6% and 8% respectively, over T1 (control). In case, K is not available for top dressing then two foliar sprays of 2.5% KNO3 at active tillering and panicle initiation stage is found optimum to obtaining higher net returns (Rs. 85200 ha-1) and return from investment on K (Rs. 19.9 rupee-1). Insufficient supply of K during active tillering and panicle initiation stage, decreased the production of tillers m-2 and conversion of tillers into fertile tillers respectively. Hence, active tillering and panicle initiation stage are most critical for K supply in dry direct seeded basmati rice.

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Response of maize cultivars to sowing in the winter

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600080722 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 109 (2) ◽

pp. 303-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. S. Narwal ◽

D. S. Dahiya ◽

G. Singh ◽

D. S. Malik

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Field Study ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Similar Length ◽

Maize Cultivars ◽

Better Than

SummaryIn a 2-year field study, all the maize cultivars tried (Partap-1 Ageti-76, Ganga-5 and DHM-103) produced similar length of ears and equivalent grain yields. However, Partap-1 and Ganga-5 produced greater 100-kernel weight and greater grain yield per ear but fewer ears per hectare than Ageti-76 and DHM-103. The yield attributes and grain yields of maize sown on 19 December, 29 December and 8 January were identical and were superior to those of the 19 January sowing. Maize sown on 19 December, 29 December and 8 January exhibited longer ears, more ears and fully developed kernels and thereby produced greater grain yields than the 18 January sowing.During 1983–4, in the 19 December and 29 December sowings all the cultivars gave identical grain yields. In the 8 January sowing Partap-1 and Ageti-76 produced similar yields and proved better than Ganga-5 and DHM-103. In the 18 January sowing Ageti-76, Ganga-5 and DHM-103 yielded more than Partap-1.

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Agro-nutritional variations of quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) in Nigeria

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1402101b ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 101-116

Author(s):

Omolaran Bello ◽

Odunayo Olawuyi ◽

Sunday Ige ◽

Jimoh Mahamood ◽

Micheal Afolabi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Central Africa ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Quality Protein Maize ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Nutritional Qualities

Quality protein maize (QPM) combining the enhanced levels of lysine and tryptophan with high grain yield and desirable agronomic traits could reduce food insecurity and malnutrition in West and Central Africa. Twenty-two varieties of QPM and two local checks were evaluated for agronomic characteristics and nutritional qualities in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria for two years (2009 and 2010). Though crude protein levels are good indicators of quality, amino acid composition analyses, especially lysine and tryptophan that would provide a final proof are in progress. The genotypes comprised five open pollinated varieties (OPVs), nine inbred lines, eight hybrids and two local varieties. Differences among the varieties were significant (P<0.01) for grain yield, days to tasselling as well as plant and ear heights, while year x variety interaction was only significant (P<0.05) for days to tasselling. Most of the QPM inbred lines (CML 437, CML 490 CML 178) and hybrids (Dada-ba, ART98-SW5-OB, ART98-SW4- OB and TZPB-OB) have superior performance for grain yield, other yield attributes and nutritional qualities compared with the OPVs and local checks. These inbreds could be potential sources of favorable alleles useful for future maize breeding, while the hybrids could be evaluated in different environments of Nigeria for comparative advantages in different environments and quality of the grains to be released to farmers.

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Yield and Seed quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as affected by variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v2i2.4250 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 93-100

Author(s):

Shahnaj Yesmina ◽

Moushumi Akhtarb ◽

Belal Hossain

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Nitrogen Level ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Harvesting Time ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Vigour Index

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time on yield and seed quality of barley. The treatments used in the experiment consisted of two varieties viz. BARI Barley 4 and BARI Barley 5, three harvesting time viz. 35, 40 and 45 Days after Anthesis (DAA) and nitrogen levels viz. 0, 70, 85 and 100 kg N ha-1 . The experiment was laid out in a spilt- spilt-plot design with three replications assigning the variety to the main plot, harvesting time to the sub-plots and nitrogen level to the sub-sub plots. Variety had significant effects on the all yield attributes except fertile seeds spike-1 . Seed quality parameters viz. normal seeds spike-1 , deformed seeds spike-1 , germination (%) and vigour index were statistically significant. The variety BARI Barley 5 produced higher grain yield and seed quality than BARI Barley 4. Grain yield from BARI Barley 5 and BARI Barley 4 were 4.59 t ha-1 and 4.24 t ha-1 , respectively. Significantly, the highest 1000-seed weight (46.90 g) was produced by BARI Barley 5 than (37.90 g) BARI Barley 4. The result revealed that harvesting time had significant effect on yield and yield attributes and seed quality parameters. Seed yield was highest (4.65 t ha-1 ) when the crop harvested at 40 DAA and it was increased linearly from 35 DAA. Maximum quality seed and 1000-seed weight (43.20 g) was obtained when the crop harvested at 40 DAA. All the yields, yield attributes and seed quality parameters were significantly influenced by nitrogen levels. The highest grain yield (5.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained when BARI Barley 5 variety was fertilized by 100 kg N ha-1 and the lowest (3.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained from control treatments. Normal seeds spike-1 , vigour index, germination (%) were better at 85 kg N ha-1 in variety of BARI Barley 5 than BARI Barley 4. So it can be concluded that BARI Barley 5 showed better result when fertilized with 100 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting maximum yield and 85 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting better quality seed.

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Effect of pre-mix pendimethalin + pyrazosulfuron on grain yield and yield attributes of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Wheat and Barley Research ◽

10.25174/2249-4065/2019/95896 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Tarundeep Kaur ◽

Makhan Singh Bhullar ◽

Fatehjeet Singh Sekhon

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Yield Attributes

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Variable-rate in corn sowing for maximizing grain yield

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92238-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eder Eujácio da Silva ◽

Fábio Henrique Rojo Baio ◽

Daniel Fernando Kolling ◽

Renato Schneider Júnior ◽

Alex Rogers Aguiar Zanin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Plant Population ◽

Seeding Density ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Growth Indices ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Soil Attributes

AbstractSowing density is one of the most influential factors affecting corn yield. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, according to soil attributes, maximum corn productivity can be attained by varying the seed population. Specifically, our objectives were to identify the soil attributes that affect grain yield, in order to generate a model to define the optimum sowing rate as a function of the attributes identified, and determine which vegetative growth indices can be used to predict yield most accurately. The experiment was conducted in Chapadão do Céu-GO in 2018 and 2019 at two different locations. Corn was sown as the second crop after the soybean harvest. The hybrids used were AG 8700 PRO3 and FS 401 PW, which have similar characteristics and an average 135-day cropping cycle. Tested sowing rates were 50, 55, 60, and 65 thousand seeds ha−1. Soil attributes evaluated included pH, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, clay content, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation. Additionally, we measured the correlation between the different vegetative growth indices and yield. Linear correlations were obtained through Pearson’s correlation network, followed by path analysis for the selection of cause and effect variables, which formed the decision trees to estimate yield and seeding density. Magnesium and apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) were the most important soil attributes for determining sowing density. Thus, the plant population should be 56,000 plants ha−1 to attain maximum yield at ECa values > 7.44 mS m−1. In addition, the plant population should be 64,800 plants ha−1 at values < 7.44 mS m−1 when magnesium levels are greater than 0.13 g kg−1, and 57,210 plants ha−1 when magnesium content is lower. Trial validation showed that the decision tree effectively predicted optimum plant population under the local experimental conditions, where yield did not significantly differ among populations.

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Seed Priming with Potassium Nitrate and Gibberellic Acid Enhances the Performance of Dry Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in North-Western India

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11050849 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 849

Author(s):

Buta Singh Dhillon ◽

Virender Kumar ◽

Pardeep Sagwal ◽

Navjyot Kaur ◽

Gurjit Singh Mangat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Western India ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Crop Establishment ◽

Direct Seeded

Poor early growth and uneven crop establishment are reported as the major bottlenecks in wide-scale adoption and optimal yield realization of dry direct-seeded rice (DSR). Seed priming can potentially help overcome these problems in DSR. Therefore, laboratory and field studies were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India, during kharif/wet-season 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the effect of different priming techniques on germination, establishment, growth, and grain yield of rice under DSR conditions. The following priming treatments were evaluated: dry non-primed seed (control), hydropriming with distilled water, halopriming with 2.0% potassium nitrate, hormopriming with 50 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3), and osmopriming with polyethylene glycol (PEG)(−0.6 MPa), each with 12 and 24 h priming duration. In 2019, priming treatments were tested under two DSR establishment methods—conventional DSR (sowing in dry soil followed by irrigation) and soil mulch DSR (locally known as vattar DSR) (sowing in moist soil after pre-sowing irrigation), whereas in 2018, priming treatments were evaluated under conventional DSR only. In both years, halopriming and hormopriming resulted in a 7–11% increase in rice yields compared to non-primed dry seed (control). Osmopriming resulted in a 4% yield increase compared to control in 2018 but not in 2019. The higher yields in halopriming and hormopriming were attributed to higher and rapid germination/crop emergence, better root growth, and improvement in yield attributes. Priming effect on crop emergence, growth, and yield did not differ by DSR establishment methods and duration of priming. Conventional DSR and soil mulch DSR did not differ in grain yield, whereas they differed in crop emergence, growth, and yield attributes. These results suggest that halopriming with 2.0% potassium nitrate and hormopriming with 50 ppm GA3 has good potential to improve crop establishment and yield of rice in both conventional and soil mulch DSR systems.

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Impact of Different Water Management Regimes on the Growth, Productivity, and Resource Use Efficiency of Dry Direct Seeded Rice in Central Punjab-Pakistan

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1151

Author(s):

Sadam Hussain ◽

Saddam Hussain ◽

Zubair Aslam ◽

Muhammad Rafiq ◽

Adeel Abbas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Hybrid Rice ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Direct Seeded ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Benefit Cost

Dry direct-seeded rice has been shown to save irrigation water and labor. Nonetheless, irrigation management in dry direct-seeded rice has received very little attention. Here, we examined the potential of different irrigation regimes: aerobic rice (AR), alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF) in dry direct-seeded rice cultivation on two rice cultivars (Pride-1 (hybrid indica) and NB-1 (inbred indica)). Growth, yield attributes, grain yield, total water input, water productivity and benefit cost ratio were measured. Our results showed that AR saved 11.22 and 28.40%, and 5.72 and 32.98% water compared with AWD and CF during 2018 and 2020, respectively. There was a significant difference in grain yield among treatments and cultivars. AWD and CF produced statistically same total dry weight and grain yield, while AR reduced the total dry weight by 31.34% and 38.04% and grain yield by 34.82% and 38.16% in comparison to AWD and CF, respectively, across the years. Except for 1000-grain weight and harvest index in AWD and CF, further differences in total dry weight and grain yield among irrigation treatments were primarily correlated with variations in yield attributes. Among the cultivars, hybrid rice performed better than inbred rice. Over the two-year period, hybrid rice increased total dry weight, grain yield, and water productivity by 9.28%, 13.05%, and 14.28%, respectively, as compared to inbred rice. Regarding water productivity (WP), the maximum percentage (40.90 and 26.53%) was recorded for AWD compared to AR and CF. Among cultivars, more water productivity (14.28%) was calculated for hybrid rice than inbred one. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, leaf area index and crop growth rate contributed to higher grain yield of hybrid rice under AWD and CF. In contrast to WP, the maximum benefit cost ratio was estimated to be higher for CF than that of AR and AWD. For the cultivars, the maximum value (2.26 in 2018 and 2.32 in 2020) was calculated for hybrid rice compared with the inbred one. In conclusion, these results suggests that AWD with maximum WP and CF with maximum BCR could be more efficient approaches than AR. Under CF, hybrid rice cultivars with higher yield and yield-related attributes, WP and BCR performed better.

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